Night RShivam Kumar Tiwari
Published © MIT

Trailing the Tail

More of a tactical, rather than practical; approach for monitoring our elephants in wild.

IntermediateFull instructions providedOver 3 days1,140
Top 5 Tracking Dashboards
ElephantEdge
Trailing the Tail

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Nano 33 BLE Sense
Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense
×1
Grove - LoRa Radio 868MHz
Seeed Studio Grove - LoRa Radio 868MHz
×1
u-blox Ublox NEO-6M
×1
Solar Cockroach Vibrating Disc Motor
Brown Dog Gadgets Solar Cockroach Vibrating Disc Motor
×1
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
×1
Helium Developer Kit
Helium Developer Kit
×1
RTL SDR dongle
×1
FireBeetle ESP32 IOT Microcontroller (Supports Wi-Fi & Bluetooth)
DFRobot FireBeetle ESP32 IOT Microcontroller (Supports Wi-Fi & Bluetooth)
×1
868 MHz LoRa External Antenna
×1
GSM/CDMA External Antenna
×1
Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery
×3

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE
Avnet IoT Connect
Edge Impulse Studio
Edge Impulse Studio
Watson
IBM Watson

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering Station, Hobbyist
Soldering Station, Hobbyist

Story

Read more

Schematics

Connection block diagram

Code

Packet'u' Tracker Node

Arduino
// Packet'u'[ElephantEdgeNode].
#define DECLINATION +0.36 // Target location-specific.
#include <Arduino_LSM9DS1.h>
#include <Arduino_HTS221.h>
#include <Arduino_APDS9960.h>
#include <Adafruit_GPS.h>
#define GPSSerial Serial1
#include <LoRa.h>
Adafruit_GPS GPS(&GPSSerial);
// Set GPSECHO to 'false' to turn off echoing the GPS data to the Serial console
// Set to 'true' to debug and listen to the raw GPS sentences
#define GPSECHO false
int EID = 31;
float temperature;
uint32_t timer = millis();
float yaw, roll, pitch;
float X, Y, Z, l, m, n, r;
int R, G, B, avg;

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  GPS.begin(9600);
  LoRa.begin(865E6);
  IMU.begin(); 
  HTS.begin();
  APDS.begin();
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT); //HapticsEnabled.
  // uncomment this line to turn on RMC (recommended minimum) and GGA (fix data) including altitude
  GPS.sendCommand(PMTK_SET_NMEA_OUTPUT_RMCGGA);
  // uncomment this line to turn on only the "minimum recommended" data
  //GPS.sendCommand(PMTK_SET_NMEA_OUTPUT_RMCONLY);
  GPS.sendCommand(PMTK_SET_NMEA_UPDATE_1HZ);
  GPS.sendCommand(PGCMD_ANTENNA);
  delay(1000);
  GPSSerial.println(PMTK_Q_RELEASE);
}

void loop()
{
  // read data from the GPS in the 'main loop'
  char c = GPS.read();
  if (GPSECHO)
    if (c) Serial.print(c);
  if (GPS.newNMEAreceived()) {
    if (!GPS.parse(GPS.lastNMEA()))
      return;
  }
  // every 2 seconds, print out the current position & stat
  if (millis() - timer > 10000) {
    timer = millis(); // reset the timer
    Serial.print("\nTime: ");
    if (GPS.hour < 10) { Serial.print('0'); }
    Serial.print(GPS.hour, DEC); Serial.print(':');
    if (GPS.minute < 10) { Serial.print('0'); }
    Serial.print(GPS.minute, DEC); Serial.print(':');
    if (GPS.seconds < 10) { Serial.print('0'); }
    Serial.print(GPS.seconds, DEC); Serial.print('.');
    if (GPS.milliseconds < 10) {
      Serial.print("00");
    } else if (GPS.milliseconds > 9 && GPS.milliseconds < 100) {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print(GPS.milliseconds);
    Serial.print("\tDate: ");
    Serial.print(GPS.day, DEC); Serial.print('/');
    Serial.print(GPS.month, DEC); Serial.print("/20");
    Serial.println(GPS.year, DEC);
    Serial.print("Fix: "); Serial.print((int)GPS.fix);
    //Serial.print(" quality: "); Serial.println((int)GPS.fixquality);
    if (GPS.fix) {
      Serial.print("\tLocation: ");
      Serial.print(GPS.latitude, 4); Serial.print(GPS.lat);
      Serial.print(", ");
      Serial.print(GPS.longitude, 4); Serial.println(GPS.lon);
      Serial.print("Speed (knots): "); Serial.print(GPS.speed);
      //Serial.print("Angle: "); Serial.println(GPS.angle);
      //Serial.print("Altitude: "); Serial.println(GPS.altitude);
      Serial.print("\tSatellites: "); Serial.println((int)GPS.satellites);
    }
  }
  if (millis() - timer > 500) {
  GetIMU();
  GetAmbTemp();
  GetAmbLight();
  /*PacketizingLoRaTransmissions*/
  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.print("P'u':");  
  LoRa.print(EID);
  LoRa.print(",[");LoRa.print(GPS.latitude, 4);LoRa.print(GPS.lat);LoRa.print("],[");
  LoRa.print(GPS.longitude, 4);LoRa.print(GPS.lon);LoRa.print("],");
  LoRa.print((int)GPS.fix);LoRa.print(",[");LoRa.print((int)GPS.satellites);LoRa.print("],[");

  if (GPS.hour < 10) { LoRa.print('0'); }LoRa.print(GPS.hour, DEC); LoRa.print(':');
  if (GPS.minute < 10) { LoRa.print('0'); }LoRa.print(GPS.minute, DEC); LoRa.print(':');
  if (GPS.seconds < 10) { LoRa.print('0'); }LoRa.print(GPS.seconds, DEC);LoRa.print("],");

  LoRa.print(temperature,0);LoRa.print("°C,");LoRa.print("[P:");LoRa.print(pitch, 2);
  LoRa.print("],[R:");LoRa.print(r, 0);LoRa.print("],[B:");LoRa.print(yaw, 0);LoRa.print("],[X:");
  LoRa.print(X);LoRa.print("],[Y:");LoRa.print(Y);LoRa.print("],[Z:");LoRa.print(Z);LoRa.print("],[Lux:"); 
  LoRa.print(avg);LoRa.print("]");
  LoRa.endPacket();
  }
}

void GetAmbTemp() {
  temperature = HTS.readTemperature();
}

void GetAmbLight() {
  if (APDS.colorAvailable()) {
    APDS.readColor(R, G, B);
  }
    avg = (R+G+B)/3; 
}

void GetIMU() {
  if ( (IMU.accelerationAvailable()) && (IMU.magneticFieldAvailable()) ){
    IMU.readAcceleration(X, Y, Z);
    IMU.readMagneticField(l, m, n);
    roll = atan2(Y, Z);
    pitch = atan2(-X, sqrt(Y * Y + Z * Z));
  if (n == 0)
    yaw = (m < 0) ? PI : 0;
  else
    yaw = atan2(m, n);
    yaw -= DECLINATION * PI / 180;
  if (yaw > PI) yaw += (PI);
  else if (yaw > -PI) yaw += (PI);
  // Converting Radians to Degrees:
  pitch *= 180.0 / PI;
  roll  *= 180.0 / PI;
  yaw *= 180.0 / PI;
  r = roll+90;
  }
}

Packet'u' Scanner Gateway(ST-LRWAN)

Arduino
// ST-LRWAN based LoRa Receiver[ElephantEdgeNode].

#include "LoRaRadio.h"

void setup( void )
{
    Serial.begin(115200); 
    while (!Serial) { }

    LoRaRadio.begin(867000000);

    LoRaRadio.setFrequency(867000000);
    LoRaRadio.setTxPower(14);
    LoRaRadio.setBandwidth(LoRaRadio.BW_125);
    LoRaRadio.setSpreadingFactor(LoRaRadio.SF_7);
    LoRaRadio.setCodingRate(LoRaRadio.CR_4_5);
    LoRaRadio.setLnaBoost(true);
    LoRaRadio.receive(5000);
}

void loop( void )
{
int packetSize = LoRaRadio.parsePacket();
if (packetSize) {
    //Serial.print("Received packet: ");
    while (LoRaRadio.available()) {
    Serial.print((char)LoRaRadio.read());
    }
    Serial.print("(RSSI: ");
            Serial.print(LoRaRadio.packetRssi());
            Serial.print(", SNR: ");
            Serial.print(LoRaRadio.packetSnr());
            Serial.println(")");                                  
    }
}

SerialShark code for streaming .pcap file in Wireshark

Python
# Made by @xdavidhu (github.com/xdavidhu, https://xdavidhu.me/)

import serial
import io
import os
import subprocess
import signal
import time

try:
    serialportInput = input("[?] Select a serial port (default '/dev/ttyUSB0'): ")
    if serialportInput == "":
        serialport = "/dev/ttyUSB0"
    else:
        serialport = serialportInput
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\n[+] Exiting...")
    exit()

try:
    canBreak = False
    while not canBreak:
        boardRateInput = input("[?] Select a baudrate (default '921600'): ")
        if boardRateInput == "":
            boardRate = 921600
            canBreak = True
        else:
            try:
                boardRate = int(boardRateInput)
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                print("\n[+] Exiting...")
                exit()
            except Exception as e:
                print("[!] Please enter a number!")
                continue
            canBreak = True
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\n[+] Exiting...")
    exit()

try:
    filenameInput = input("[?] Select a filename (default 'capture.pcap'): ")
    if filenameInput == "":
        filename = "capture.pcap"
    else:
        filename = filenameInput
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\n[+] Exiting...")
    exit()

canBreak = False
while not canBreak:
    try:
        ser = serial.Serial(serialport, boardRate)
        canBreak = True
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\n[+] Exiting...")
        exit()
    except:
        print("[!] Serial connection failed... Retrying...")
        time.sleep(2)
        continue

print("[+] Serial connected. Name: " + ser.name)
counter = 0
f = open(filename,'wb')

check = 0
while check == 0:
    line = ser.readline()
    if b"<<START>>" in line:
        check = 1
        print("[+] Stream started...")
    #else: print '"'+line+'"'

print("[+] Starting up wireshark...")
cmd = "tail -f -c +0 " + filename + " | wireshark -k -i -"
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                       shell=True, preexec_fn=os.setsid)

try:
    while True:
        ch = ser.read()
        f.write(ch)
        f.flush()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("[+] Stopping...")
    os.killpg(os.getpgid(p.pid), signal.SIGTERM)

f.close()
ser.close()
print("[+] Done.")

Git repo - ElephantEdge_code

Credits

Night R

Night R

16 projects • 50 followers
R&D Engineer @ IoT Solutions Provider, Robotics Engineer @ SIS Corp., Passionate for Hardware hacking, 12+ years experience in programming..
Shivam Kumar Tiwari

Shivam Kumar Tiwari

1 project • 4 followers
1. Currently Working as Junior Engineer (C& I) at UPRVUNL 2.Worked as PCB Design Engineer for 6Y At ACME DIGITEK SOLUTION PVT LTD.
Thanks to Luigi Cruz.

Comments

Awards
Top 5 Tracking Dashboards
ElephantEdge
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