Published February 25, 2021 © Apache-2.0

IoT Wireless Weather Station using Arduino

IoT Wireless Weather Station using Arduino, ESP8266 and ThingSpeak

BeginnerProtip1 hour2,915

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Espressif Wemos D1 Mini

DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor (4 pins)

Seeed Studio Grove - Barometer Sensor (BMP280)

Software apps and online services

ThingSpeak API

Arduino IDE

Story

Global warming has lead to unpredictable climates; researchers around the world are using weather stations to observe record and analyse weather patterns to study climate changes and provide weather forecasts. These Weather stations normally comprises of few sensor to measure environmental parameters and a monitoring or logging system to analyze these parameters. In this tutorial we will learn how to build such a wireless IoT based weather station which can measure critical environmental parameters like Temperature, Humidity and Pressure. Also since our weather station is IoT enabled, we can send these parameters to a ThingSpeak channel (IoT cloud) where we can store, analyse and access the data remotely. weather station using Raspberry Pi earlier, which is pretty much similar to this project.

We will be using he Arduino board along with DHT11 sensor, BMP180 sensor and ESP8266 wifi module. The DHT11 sensor senses the temperature and humidity, while BMP180 sensor calculates the pressure and ESP8266 is used for internet connectivity. In our previous project, we already learnt to use the DHT11 sensor to monitor temperature and humidity with Arduino, here in this project, we are adding another sensor (BMP180) to make a complete weather station using Arduino. Sending these data to ThingSpeak enables live monitoring from anywhere in the world and we can also view the logged data which will be stored on their website and even graph it over time to analyze it.

Components Required

Arduino Uno
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Shield
DHT11 Sensor
BMP180 Sensor
Breadboard
Jumper Wires

Circuit Diagram

The complete circuit for Arduino based IoT Weather Station is shown below.

The DHT11 sensor is powered by the 5V pin of the Arduino and its data pin is connected to pin 5 for one wire communication. The BMP180 sensor is powered by the 3.3V pin of Arduino and its data pins SCL (Serial Clock) and SDA (Serial Data) are connected to A4 and A5 pin of Arduino for I2C communication.

The ESP8266 module is also powered by the 3.3V pin of the Arduino and its Tx and Rx pins are connected to Digital pins 2 and 3 of Arduino for serial communication. You can use the below table as reference for making your connections.

S.NO.

Pin Name

Arduino Pin

1 ESP8266 VCC

3.3V

2 ESP8266 RST

3.3V

3 ESP8266 CH-PD

3.3V

4 ESP8266 RX

TX

5 ESP8266 TX

RX

6 ESP8266 GND

GND

7 BMP180 VCC

5V

8 BMP180 GND

GND

9 BMP180 SDA

A4

10 BMP180 SCL

A5

11 DHT-11 VCC

5V

12 DHT-11 Data

5

13 1 GND

Setting up your ThingSpeak Channel

ThingSpeak is an open data platform that allows you to aggregate, visualize, and analyze live data in the cloud. You can control your devices using ThingSpeak, you can send data to ThingSpeak from your devices, and even you can create instant visualizations of live data, and send alerts using web services like Twitter and Twilio. ThingSpeak has integrated support from the numerical computing software MATLAB. MATLAB allows ThingSpeak users to write and execute MATLAB code to perform preprocessing, visualizations, and analyses. ThingSpeak takes minimum of 15 seconds to update your readings. We have also done other interesting projects with ThingSpeak like

NodeMCU Temperature and Humidity Monitoring
ESP32 Temperature and Humidity Monitoring
ThingSpeak is an open data platform that allows you to aggregate, visualize, and analyze live data in the cloud. You can control your devices using ThingSpeak, you can send data to ThingSpeak from your devices, and even you can create instant visualizations of live data, and send alerts using web services like Twitter and Twilio. ThingSpeak has integrated support from the numerical computing software MATLAB. MATLAB allows ThingSpeak users to write and execute MATLAB code to perform preprocessing, visualizations, and analyses.

Step 1: ThingSpeak Account Setup

To create channel on ThingSpeak first you need to Sign up on ThingSpeak. In case if you already have an account on ThingSpeak, sign in using your id and password.

For creating your account go to www.thinspeak.com

Click on Sing up if you don’t have an account and if you already have an account click on sign in. After clicking on signup fill your details.

After this verify your E-mail id and click on continue.

Step 2: Create a Channel for Your Data

Once you Sign in after your account verification, Create a new channel by clicking the “New Channel” button

After clicking on “New Channel, ” enter the Name and Description of the data you want to upload on this channel.

Enter the name of your data ‘Humidity’ in Field1, ‘Temp’ in Field2 and ‘Pressure’ in Field3. If you want to use more Fields you can check the box next to Field option and enter the name and description of your data.

After this click on save channel button to save your details.

Step 3: API Key

To send data to ThingSpeak, we need a unique API key, which we will use later in our code to upload our sensor data to Thingspeak Website.

Click on “API Keys” button to get your unique API key for uploading your sensor data.

Now copy your “Write API Key.” We will use this API key in our code.

Code Explanation

Programming part plays a very important role to perform all the operations in a project. As usual complete code is given at the end. Start the code by including all the required libraries and defining all the variables.

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <SFE_BMP180.h>

After this enter the WiFi name, password of your Wi-Fi router and then also enter the API key that you copied from the ThingSpeak channel.

#define ssid  "Enter Your WiFi Name Here "     // "WiFi Name"
#define pass "WiFi Password"       // "Password"
#define server = "api.thingspeak.com";
String apiKey ="Enter the API Key";

In void setup() function it connects with the Wi-Fi and starts the BMP180 and DHT11 sensor.

void setup() {                
  Wire.begin();
  pressure.begin();
  // enable debug serial

  Serial.begin(9600);
       delay(10);
       dht.begin();

Serial.begin(9600); 
  Serial.println("AT");
  delay(5000);
  if(Serial.find("OK")){
    connectWiFi();

Using void Transmission() function we calculate the temperature, humidity and pressure using the BMP180 and DHT11 sensor.

void Trsmission()
{
  int8_t h = dht.readHumidity(); 
  int16_t t = dht.readTemperature(TEMPTYPE); 
  char status;
  double T,P,p0,a;
  status = pressure.startTemperature();
  if (status != 0)
  {
    delay(status);
    status = pressure.getTemperature(T);
    if (status != 0)
    {

      status = pressure.startPressure(3);
      if (status != 0)
      {
        // Wait for the measurement to complete:
        delay(status);
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..

These commands are used to connect with ThingSpeak server and then print the temperature, humidity and pressure values in different fields.

String cmd = "AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"";
  cmd += "184.106.153.149"; // api.thingspeak.com
  cmd += "\",80";
  ser.println(cmd);

 if(ser.find("Error")){
    Serial.println("AT+CIPSTART error");
    return;
…………………………………….  

  // prepare GET string
  String getStr = "GET /update?api_key=";
  getStr += apiKey;
  getStr +="&field1=";
  getStr += String(strTemp);
  getStr +="&field2=";
  getStr += String(strHumid);
  getStr +="&field3=";
  getStr += String(strPres);
  getStr += "\r\n\r\n";

Running the IoT Arduino Weather Station

Now Connect the Arduino with the laptop and choose the board and port correctly and then click the Upload button. After uploading the code, open the serial monitor. Make the baud rate of serial monitor as 9600. You will see your Wi-Fi Id, password and temperature, humidity and pressure values on serial monitor.

Now navigate to the ThingSpeak channel and check your channel, you will see the temperature, humidity and pressure values like shown in the below graphs.

This is how you can build Arduino Weather Station where the temperature, humidity and pressure can be monitored from anywhere in world over the internet.

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Code

Code

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <SFE_BMP180.h>
SFE_BMP180 pressure;
#define DHTPIN 5
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
#define TEMPTYPE 0 
#define ALTITUDE 160 // Altitude from Bussero (MI) Italy
#define ssid  "Enter Your WiFi Name Here "     // "WiFi Name"
#define pass "WiFi Password"       // "Password"
#define server = "api.thingspeak.com";
String apiKey ="Enter the API Key"; 
char buffer[10];
char t_buffer[10];
char h_buffer[10];
char P_buffer[10];

SoftwareSerial ser(2, 3); // RX, TX
void setup() {                
  Wire.begin();
  pressure.begin();
  // enable debug serial
  
  Serial.begin(9600); 
  Serial.println("AT");
  delay(5000);
  if(Serial.find("OK")){
    connectWiFi();

}
void loop()
{ 
  Trsmission(); // ESP8266
  delay(60000); // 60 seconds
    }


void Trsmission()
{
  int8_t h = dht.readHumidity(); 
  int16_t t = dht.readTemperature(TEMPTYPE); 
  char status;
  double T,P,p0,a;
  status = pressure.startTemperature();
  if (status != 0)
  {
    delay(status);
    status = pressure.getTemperature(T);
    if (status != 0)
    {
     
      status = pressure.startPressure(3);
      if (status != 0)
      {
        // Wait for the measurement to complete:
        delay(status);

        status = pressure.getPressure(P,T);
        if (status != 0)
        {
 
          p0 = pressure.sealevel(P,ALTITUDE); // we're at 1655 meters (Boulder, CO)
          a = pressure.altitude(P,p0);
        }
        else Serial.println("error retrieving pressure measurement\n");
      }
      else Serial.println("error starting pressure measurement\n");
    }
    else Serial.println("error retrieving temperature measurement\n");
  }

  float temp = t;
  float humidity = h;
  float Pression = p0;

  String strTemp = dtostrf(temp, 4, 1, t_buffer);
  String strHumid = dtostrf(humidity, 4, 1, h_buffer);
  String strPres = dtostrf(Pression, 4, 2, P_buffer);

  Serial.print("Temperature: ");
  Serial.println(strTemp);
  Serial.print("Humidity: ");
  Serial.println(strHumid);
  Serial.print("Pression: ");
  Serial.println(strPres);
  
  String cmd = "AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"";
  cmd += "184.106.153.149"; // api.thingspeak.com
  cmd += "\",80";
  ser.println(cmd);
  if(ser.find("Error")){
    Serial.println("AT+CIPSTART error");
    return;
  } 
  if(ser.find("Error")){
    Serial.println("AT+CIPSTART error");
    return;
  }
  
  // prepare GET string
  String getStr = "GET /update?api_key=";
  getStr += apiKey;
  getStr +="&field1=";
  getStr += String(strTemp);
  getStr +="&field2=";
  getStr += String(strHumid);
  getStr +="&field3=";
  getStr += String(strPres);
  getStr += "\r\n\r\n";

  // send data length
   cmd = "AT+CIPSEND=";
  cmd += String(getStr.length());
  ser.println(cmd);
  //ser.print(getStr);
if(ser.find(">")){
    ser.print(getStr);
  }
  else{
    ser.println("AT+CIPCLOSE");
    // alert user
    Serial.println("AT+CIPCLOSE");
    ser.println("AT+RST");
  }
  
  char buffer[10] = "";
 }

Credits

Daini

31 projects • 16 followers

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IoT Wireless Weather Station using Arduino

IoT Wireless Weather Station using Arduino

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Components Required

Circuit Diagram

S.NO.

Pin Name

Arduino Pin

1

ESP8266 VCC

3.3V

2

ESP8266 RST

3.3V

3

ESP8266 CH-PD

3.3V

4

ESP8266 RX

TX

5

ESP8266 TX

RX

6

ESP8266 GND

GND

7

BMP180 VCC

5V

8

BMP180 GND

GND

9

BMP180 SDA

A4

10

BMP180 SCL

A5

11

DHT-11 VCC

5V

12

DHT-11 Data

5

13

1 GND

Setting up your ThingSpeak Channel

Step 1: ThingSpeak Account Setup

Step 2: Create a Channel for Your Data

Step 3: API Key

Code Explanation

Running the IoT Arduino Weather Station

PCB Design Analysis Software. NextDFM

Schematics

Circuit

Code

Code

Credits

Daini

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