Traffic Control System Design on Island Pedestrian Bridge

Indonesia is a country located on the equator between the continents of Asia and Australia as well as the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean so that it is a country in Southeast Asia with the largest archipelago in the world [1]. In addition to being the largest archipelagic country in the world with ± 17, 508 islands, Indonesia also ranks 4th as the country with the largest population in the world with a population of ± 269 million people spread throughout the islands in Indonesia [2]. The existence of the Indonesian population scattered throughout the islands in Indonesia makes the need for transportation to connect between islands a basic need and makes it one of the countries that utilizes sea transportation as the main transportation link [3]. However, Indonesia cannot only rely on sea transportation as a means to connect the inter-island areas but also requires inter-island crossing bridges so that the process of distributing goods/services and other activities can run properly [4].

The existence of a pedestrian bridge is considered very useful as an alternative link between regions. However, on the other hand, the existence of a pedestrian bridge can be a barrier for large marine vehicles that want to cross. Therefore, large marine vehicles are required to go through a detour route. This will cause losses to these large marine vehicles. In addition to the loss of fuel for these large marine vehicles and related parties, they will also experience a loss of time to get to their destination.

The concept of the Movable Bridge has proven to be quite effective in solving these problems. Several countries in Europe and America have implemented the Moveable Bridge concept. The working principle of this concept is to change the crossing access for land and sea vehicles. When marine vehicles want to pass, land vehicles will stop for a moment and the bridge will move to provide space for marine vehicles to pass. Then after crossing the bridge it will move again so that land vehicles can pass [5].

In the era of globalization and the rapid development of technology today, the factors of safety, security, effectiveness and efficiency in the technology that will be created and implemented become important. This is intended so that the technology that will be created and implemented can be used properly, with a guaranteed safety and security system. So that it can be useful for society.

So that in this big task, we will make a prototype (prototype) of the traffic control system on the pedestrian bridge with additional safety and security system features. Using a queuing system between land and sea vehicles that are integrated with each other and the Moveable Bridge method on pedestrian bridges, it is hoped that this prototype can be an idea to solve the transportation problems connecting people between islands in Indonesia.

The design of the traffic control system on the pedestrian bridge in this big task was made by using 4 infrared sensors that are installed in areas, each of which has a function, namely the land vehicle bridge entry area (JP1) used to count the number of vehicles crossing the bridge with the function add count. Then the land vehicle bridge exit area (JP2) is used to count the number of vehicles crossing the bridge with the function of reducing the number. Furthermore, the marine vehicle entry area (JP3) is used to identify that there are ships that want to cross the path that cuts the bridge, then the marine vehicle exit area (JP4) is used to identify the ship has finished crossing the path that cuts the bridge. Then the system is equipped with a gate to close the crossing when the ship is passing and also a traffic light as an indicator of conditions. For more details, see the following image:

The image above shows the layout points for the JP1, JP2, JP3, JP4, Gate, and Traffic Light areas contained in the prototype that will be made for this big task. Then the traffic control system on this pedestrian bridge uses an Arduino Nano development board with an Atmega328 micro controller which is used as a processing center for infrared sensor data as input and driving motor data as output. The driving motor used is the MG995 servo motor to move the pedestrian bridge and the SG995 servo motor to move the gate. In the traffic control system on this pedestrian bridge, the initial condition is that the gate is open and the traffic light shows a green light and when the sensor in the JP1 area detects a passing vehicle, the controller will perform calculations by increasing the number of vehicles with a value of one on the total vehicle variable as well as when the JP2 area detects a passing vehicle, the controller will perform the calculation by reducing the number of vehicles with a value of one in the total vehicle variable. This vehicle calculation process has limitations due to the limitations of the sensors used, namely the bridge path can only be passed by one vehicle in one direction. Then when the sensor in the JP3 area detects a passing marine vehicle (ship), the controller changes the indicator light to red and closes the gate so that no vehicles pass and the controller will check the total vehicle variable. If the total vehicle variable is not worth 0 (zero) then the controller will instruct the ship to stop until the total vehicle variable is 0. Then if the total vehicle variable is 0 (zero) then the controller will give an order to the driving motor to rotate the bridge 90° so that the ship can cross the bridge safely. After that, when the sensor in the JP4 area detects a passing ship, the controller will give an order to the driving motor to rotate to the initial condition so that the bridge can be reused. After that the gate will open and the traffic light will turn green again.