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Alex Stepanov
Published © GPL3+

Intelligent Charger for 9V NiMH Rechargeable Batteries V1

Regulated smart constant current charger for 9V NiMH rechargeable batteries.

BeginnerFull instructions provided2 hours32,783
Intelligent Charger for 9V NiMH Rechargeable Batteries V1

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO
×1
SparkFun I2C DAC Breakout - MCP4725
×1
Linear Regulator with Adjustable Output
Linear Regulator with Adjustable Output
×1
General Purpose Dual Op-Amp
Texas Instruments General Purpose Dual Op-Amp
×1
Resistor 6.8k ohm
×2
Resistor 3.3k ohm
×1
Resistor 5.1k ohm
×1
Resistor 1k ohm
Resistor 1k ohm
×1
Resistor 10 ohm
×1
Relay (generic)
×1
Resistor 20k ohm
×1
SparkFun Breadboard Power Supply 5V/3.3V
SparkFun Breadboard Power Supply 5V/3.3V
×1
Power supply 17V
×1
YwRobot I2C SERIAL LCD 1602 MODULE
×1

Story

Read more

Schematics

Schematic PDF

Schematic

All files in zip

Code

charger.ino

Arduino
Main file
//THis for charging 9V NiMH battery 
//Battery can have have 6,7 or 8 1.25V cells
//This makes nominal voltage between 7.5 and 10V

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <TimeLib.h> 
#include <TimerOne.h>
#include <elapsedMillis.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE);  // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display

//Hardware defenitions
#define MCP4725_ADDR 0x60 //DAC address
#define DAC_REF_VOLTAGE 5.0
#define CHARGE_RELAY_PIN 2
#define DISCONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY HIGH
#define CONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY LOW
#define CURRENT_SENSING_SESISTOR_PIN A2
#define CURRENT_SENSING_SESISTOR 10.2 //OHm
#define BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PIN A0
#define R1 5090 //Low side resistor of voltage sensing divider
#define R2 19910//High side resistor of voltage sensing divider
#define ADC_REF_VOLTAGE 4.89 //Arduino real supply voltage or AREF voltage for proper ADC to voltage translation
#define R3 3300.0
#define R4 6800.0
#define AMP_GAIN (1+R4/R3)

//Various definitions
//#define MINIMUM_VOLTAGE 8.1 //Minimum voltage after regulator
#define BATTERY_GOOD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD 7.0
#define MAXIMIM_ALLOWED_CURRENT 200 //Maximum allowed battery current mA (hard cut-off)
#define MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE 15.0 //Maximum allowed battery voltage V (hard cut-off)
#define VOLTAGE_STEP 0.001 //Step for voltage regulation
#define POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING 100 //How many points taken for averaging
#define MEASURE2MEASURE_US 5000 //Time between measurments in microseconds (need be more then 200 becouse of two analog reads)
#define VOLTAGE_LOG_TIME_MIN 30.0 //Time in minutes to save voltage for dV/dT cutoff
#define MINUTES_TO_LOG 5
#define TRICKLE_CURRENT_RATIO 40

//Charger states
#define INITIALIZATION 0
#define NO_BATTERY 5
#define BATTERY_CONNECTED 10
#define BATTERY_VOLTAGE_LOW 15
#define CURRENT_RAMP_UP 20
#define CHARGING 30
#define CURRENT_RAMP_DOWN 32
#define TRICKLE 35
#define END_OF_TRICKLE 37
#define UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL 40
#define UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT 60
#define FULLY_CHARGED 70
#define CURRENT_TOO_HIGH 80
#define REGULATION_FAILED 90
#define OVERCURRENT 100
#define OVERVOLTAGE 101
#define FINAL_STATE 200


///
unsigned int voltage_readings[POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING],current_sensing_resistor_readings[POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING],averaging_index;//For averaging
long unsigned int voltage_sum,current_sum;//Sum of averaging
float regulator_voltage_code,resistor_voltage,csr_voltage_code,regulator_voltage,current_mA,battery_voltage;//Measurments
float tmp_resistor_voltage,tmp_current_mA,tmp_regulator_voltage,tmp_battery_voltage;
int i,j,charger_state;
short unsigned int last_second,lcd_last_second,log_last_second;
String lcd_last_string1,lcd_last_string2;
String empty_string="";
String msg,eoc_line1,eoc_line2;
unsigned char sec_index,min_index;
//long long int charging_started;
float sec_log[60],min_log[MINUTES_TO_LOG],last_blf;
float trickle_current_mA;
int total_minutes_average=0;

elapsedMillis ChargingTimeMillis,TrickleChargingTimeMillis;

float wanted_dac_voltage=0;
float last_dac_voltage=0;

//Messages
const char msg_battery_detected[] PROGMEM 		="Battery detected";
const char msg_no_battery[] PROGMEM				="No battery";
const char msg_battery_ok[] PROGMEM				="Battery ok";
const char msg_voltage_too_low[] PROGMEM		="Battery voltage too low";
const char msg_voltage_too_low_short[] PROGMEM	="V Battery low";
const char msg_ramp_up[] PROGMEM				="Ramp up";
const char msg_charging[] PROGMEM				="Charging";
const char msg_space[] PROGMEM					=" ";
const char msg_ramp_down[] PROGMEM				="Ramp down";
const char msg_trickle_charge[] PROGMEM			="Trickle charge";
const char msg_no_current[] PROGMEM				="No current";
const char msg_current_unreachable[] PROGMEM	="I unreachable";
const char msg_current_unreachable_long[] PROGMEM	="Unable to reach desired current";
const char msg_completed[] PROGMEM				="Completed";
const char msg_charge[] PROGMEM					="Charge";
const char msg_high_current[] PROGMEM			="High current";
const char msg_regulation_fault[] PROGMEM		="Regulation fault";
const char msg_overcurrent[] PROGMEM			="Current too high";
const char msg_overvoltage[] PROGMEM			="Voltage too high";
const char msg_trickle_completed[] PROGMEM		="Trickle finished";

//*************************** Charging parameters *****************************************
//*****************************************************************************************
float target_current_mA=30;				//Charging current mA
float battery_nominal_capacity_mA=170;	//Nominal capacity of battery mA
float max_time_for_trickle_charge=6;  //Maximum trickle charge time in minutes
//*****************************************************************************************
//*****************************************************************************************

struct mytime {
    unsigned char hours;
    unsigned char minutes;
	unsigned int total_minutes;
} elapsed_time;

void setup() {
	pinMode(CHARGE_RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
	disconnect_charging_circuit();	//Disconnect charger ftom battery
	Wire.begin();//I2C
	dac_write_voltage(0);//Make sure lower possible current set
	
	Serial.begin(115200);
	last_second=second();
	lcd_last_second=second();
	log_last_second=second();
	
	Timer1.initialize(MEASURE2MEASURE_US); //Will use to measure voltage and current of battery (microseconds)
	Timer1.attachInterrupt(read_hw);  // attaches read_hw() as a timer overflow interrupt
	averaging_index=0;
	sec_index=0;
	min_index=0;
	charger_state=0;//Initial state of state machine
	wanted_dac_voltage=0;//Make shure minimum voltage outout
	last_blf=1.0;
	trickle_current_mA=battery_nominal_capacity_mA/TRICKLE_CURRENT_RATIO;
	//ChargingTimeMillis=0;
	//LCD
	lcd.begin(16,2);
	lcd.backlight();
	lcd.clear();
	update_lcd(F("Power up..."),empty_string);
	delay(1000);
}



float log_battery_voltage(){
	//Log only once per second
	if (log_last_second==second()) return last_blf;
	else log_last_second=second();
	
	sec_log[sec_index]=battery_voltage;
	if (sec_index<59) {
		sec_index++;
	}
	else {//If one minute logged
		//Calculate avetage per minute
		if (min_index>=MINUTES_TO_LOG) min_index=0;
		
		sec_index=0;
		float sum_v=0;
		for (i=0;i<60;i++){
			sum_v+=sec_log[i];
		}
		float min_average=sum_v/60.0;
		
		for(i=1;i<MINUTES_TO_LOG;i++) min_log[i-1]=min_log[i];
		
		min_log[MINUTES_TO_LOG-1]=min_average;//Save minute average
		
		//Serial.print(min_index);
		//Serial.print(" ");
		//Serial.print(min_average);
		//Serial.print(" arr: ");
		//Serial.print(min_log[0]);
		//Serial.print(" ");
		//Serial.print(min_log[1]);
		//Serial.print(" ");
		//Serial.print(min_log[2]);
		//Serial.print(" ");
		//Serial.print(min_log[3]);
		//Serial.print(" ");
		//Serial.print(min_log[4]);
		last_blf=best_linear_fit(min_log);
		//Serial.print("Slope ");
		//Serial.println(last_blf);
		min_index++;
		total_minutes_average++;
	}
	return last_blf;
}

main.ino

Arduino
void loop() {
	String msg1;
	switch(charger_state){
		case INITIALIZATION://Initial state
			disconnect_charging_circuit();//Make shure relay disconnected
			dac_write_voltage(0);//Make sure lower possible current set
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;//Make shure minimum voltage outout
			delay(100);
			read_status();
			if (battery_voltage>0.1) {
				charger_state=BATTERY_CONNECTED;//Battery detected
				update_lcd(M2S(msg_battery_detected),empty_string);
				Serial.println(M2S(msg_battery_detected));
				delay(2000);
			}
			else {//No battery
				Serial.println(M2S(msg_no_battery));
				update_lcd(M2S(msg_no_battery),construct_status_string());
				charger_state=NO_BATTERY;//Battery detected
				delay(1000);
			}
			break;
		case NO_BATTERY://No battery
			read_status();
			if (battery_voltage>0.1) {
				charger_state=BATTERY_CONNECTED;//Battery detected
				Serial.println(M2S(msg_battery_detected));
				update_lcd(M2S(msg_battery_detected),construct_status_string());
				delay(1500);
			}
			else{
				//If no battery stay in this state
				update_lcd(M2S(msg_no_battery),construct_status_string());
				delay(1100);
			}
			break;
		case BATTERY_CONNECTED://Battery connected
			dac_write_voltage(0);//Make sure lower possible current set
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			delay(100);
			read_status();
			if (battery_voltage>BATTERY_GOOD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD){
				charger_state=CURRENT_RAMP_UP;//Start charging current rampup
				//snprintf(welcome, sizeof(welcome),"Firmware:V%d.%d%d",ver,ver2,ver3); 
				update_lcd(M2S(msg_battery_ok),construct_status_string());
				Serial.println(M2S(msg_battery_ok));
				delay(2000);
				wanted_dac_voltage=get_approximated_dac_voltage(battery_voltage);//Set needed regulator voltage
				//Serial.println(get_approximated_dac_voltage(battery_voltage));
				connect_charging_circuit();
				delay(200);
			}
			else {
				charger_state=BATTERY_VOLTAGE_LOW;//Battery voltage too low
				Serial.println(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low));
				update_lcd(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low_short),construct_status_string());
				delay(1000);
			}
			break;
		case BATTERY_VOLTAGE_LOW://Battery voltage too low
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low_short),construct_status_string());
			Serial.println(M2S(msg_voltage_too_low));
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			break;
		case CURRENT_RAMP_UP:///Current rampup
			//if (current_mA<1.0) charger_state=40;//Current unexpectedly fell
			read_status();
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_ramp_up),construct_status_string());
			delay(50);
			if (current_mA<target_current_mA) {
				if (wanted_dac_voltage<4.99) {
					wanted_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage+VOLTAGE_STEP;
					dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
				}
				else charger_state=UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT;//Unable to reach desired current
			}
			else {
				charger_state=CHARGING;//Charging
				ChargingTimeMillis=0;//Reset counter
			}
			break;
		case CHARGING://Charging
			delay(200);
			read_status();
			if (current_mA<1.0) charger_state=UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL;//Current unexpectedly fell
			if (battery_voltage>MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE ) charger_state=OVERVOLTAGE;//Overvoltage
			if (abs(current_mA-target_current_mA)>0.2){//If current deviated from target
				if (current_mA<target_current_mA) {//If current less theb target
					if (wanted_dac_voltage<4.99) wanted_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage+VOLTAGE_STEP;
					else charger_state=UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT;//Unable to reach desired current
				}
				else {
					if (wanted_dac_voltage>0.01) wanted_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage-VOLTAGE_STEP;
					else charger_state=CURRENT_TOO_HIGH;//Current too high, unable to lower
				}
			}
			if (abs(current_mA-target_current_mA)>5){//Regulation failed, difference too high
				charger_state=REGULATION_FAILED;//Regulation error, difference too high
			}
			dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
			if (total_minutes_average<MINUTES_TO_LOG) msg =String(M2S(msg_charging)+M2S(msg_space)+String("---"));
			else msg =String(M2S(msg_charging)+M2S(msg_space)+String(last_blf,3));
			//snprintf(myString,sizeof(myString), "Alarm %d is set M-F at %d:%02d AM",alrmNum+1,myhours,alrmMM[alrmNum]);
			update_lcd(msg,construct_status_string());
			log_battery_voltage();
			if (last_blf<0) charger_state=FULLY_CHARGED;//If negative dV/dt detected, battery fully charged
			break;
		case CURRENT_RAMP_DOWN:///Current rampup
			//if (current_mA<1.0) charger_state=40;//Current unexpectedly fell
			read_status();
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_ramp_down),construct_status_string());
			Serial.println(M2S(msg_ramp_down));
			delay(50);
			if (current_mA>trickle_current_mA) {
				if (wanted_dac_voltage>VOLTAGE_STEP) {
					wanted_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage-VOLTAGE_STEP;
					dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
				}
				else charger_state=CURRENT_TOO_HIGH;//Unable to reduce current to trickle rate
			}
			else {
				charger_state=TRICKLE;//Charging
				TrickleChargingTimeMillis=0;
				Serial.println(M2S(msg_trickle_charge));
			}
			break;
		case TRICKLE://Charging
			delay(200);
			read_status();
			if (current_mA<0.2) charger_state=UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL;//Current unexpectedly fell
			if (battery_voltage>MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE ) charger_state=OVERVOLTAGE;//Overvoltage
			if (abs(current_mA-trickle_current_mA)>0.2){//If current deviated from target
				if (current_mA<trickle_current_mA) {//If current less theb target
					if (wanted_dac_voltage<4.99) wanted_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage+VOLTAGE_STEP;
					else charger_state=UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT;//Unable to reach desired current
				}
				else {
					if (wanted_dac_voltage>0.01) wanted_dac_voltage=wanted_dac_voltage-VOLTAGE_STEP;
					else charger_state=CURRENT_TOO_HIGH;//Current too high, unable to lower
				}
			}
			if (abs(current_mA-trickle_current_mA)>5){//Regulation failed, difference too high
				charger_state=REGULATION_FAILED;//Regulation error, difference too high
			}
			dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
			//if (total_minutes_average<MINUTES_TO_LOG) msg =String(F("Charging "))+String("---");
			//else msg =String(F("Charging "))+String(last_blf,3);
			//Serial.println(msg_trickle_charge);
			//snprintf(myString,sizeof(myString), "Alarm %d is set M-F at %d:%02d AM",alrmNum+1,myhours,alrmMM[alrmNum]);
			if ((second()%8)<4) update_lcd(M2S(msg_trickle_charge),construct_status_string());
			else update_lcd(eoc_line1,eoc_line2);
			//log_battery_voltage();
			//if (last_blf<0) charger_state=FULLY_CHARGED;//If negative dV/dt detected, battery fully charged
			elapsed_time=mills2time(TrickleChargingTimeMillis);
			if (elapsed_time.total_minutes>max_time_for_trickle_charge) {//Maximum allowed trickle charge
				update_lcd(eoc_line1,eoc_line2);
				charger_state=END_OF_TRICKLE;//Halt
				disconnect_charging_circuit();	//Disconnect charger from battery
			}
			break;
		case END_OF_TRICKLE:
			if ((second()%8)<4) update_lcd(M2S(msg_trickle_completed),construct_status_string());
			else update_lcd(eoc_line1,eoc_line2);
			break;
		case UNEXPECTED_CURRENT_FALL://Current unexpectedly fell
			Serial.println(F("Current unexpectedly fell"));
			disconnect_charging_circuit();
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_no_current),construct_status_string());
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			delay(1000);
			break;
		case UNABLE_TO_REACH_CURRENT://Unable to reach desired current
			Serial.println(M2S(msg_current_unreachable_long));
			disconnect_charging_circuit();
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
			delay(1000);
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_current_unreachable),construct_status_string());
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			break;
		case FULLY_CHARGED://Fully charged
			elapsed_time=mills2time(ChargingTimeMillis);
			int charge_mAh;
			charge_mAh=calculate_charge(ChargingTimeMillis);
			msg =String(M2S(msg_completed)+M2S(msg_space)+construct_time_string(elapsed_time));
			msg1=String(M2S(msg_charge)+M2S(msg_space)+String(charge_mAh)+String("mAh"));
			eoc_line1=msg;
			eoc_line2=msg1;
			update_lcd(msg,msg1);
			Serial.println(msg);
			//disconnect_charging_circuit();
			//wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			//dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
			delay(3000);
			charger_state=CURRENT_RAMP_DOWN;//Halt
			break;
		case CURRENT_TOO_HIGH://Current too high
			Serial.println(F("Unable to lower current to target"));
			disconnect_charging_circuit();
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			dac_write_voltage(0);
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_high_current),construct_status_string());
			delay(1000);
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			break;
		case REGULATION_FAILED://Regulation failed
			Serial.println(M2S(msg_regulation_fault));
			disconnect_charging_circuit();
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			dac_write_voltage(0);
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_regulation_fault),construct_status_string());
			delay(1000);
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			break;
		case OVERCURRENT://Overcurrent
			disconnect_charging_circuit();
			Serial.println(M2S(msg_overcurrent));
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_overcurrent),construct_status_string());
			delay(1000);
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			break;
		case OVERVOLTAGE://Overvoltage
			disconnect_charging_circuit();
			Serial.println(M2S(msg_overvoltage));
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			dac_write_voltage(wanted_dac_voltage);
			update_lcd(M2S(msg_overvoltage),construct_status_string());
			delay(1000);
			charger_state=FINAL_STATE;//Halt
			break;
		case FINAL_STATE://Halt
			delay(10000);
			break;
		default:
			wanted_dac_voltage=0;
			charger_state=0;
	}
	
	//Serial.println(current_mA);
	//Serial.print("Current=");
	//Serial.print(current_mA);
	//Serial.println("mA");
	//Serial.print("DAC voltage");
	//Serial.println(dac_voltage);
	//Serial.print("Wanted DAC voltage");
	//Serial.println(wanted_dac_voltage);
	//Serial.print(current_mA);
	//Serial.print(" ");
	//Serial.print(dac_voltage);
	//Serial.print(" ");
	read_status();
	if (last_second!=second()){
		Serial.print(current_mA);
		Serial.print(",");
		//Serial.print(resistor_voltage);
		//Serial.print(",");
		//Serial.print(dac_voltage);
		//Serial.print(",");
		//Serial.print(regulator_voltage);
		//Serial.print(",");
		Serial.println(battery_voltage);
		last_second=second();
	}
}

hw.ino

Arduino
float get_approximated_dac_voltage(float vbat){
	//float offset_voltage=1.2/R3*(R3+R4);
	float offset_voltage=1.2;
	float adc_voltage=(vbat-offset_voltage)/AMP_GAIN-0.5;
	if (adc_voltage<0) adc_voltage=0;
	return adc_voltage;
}

int voltage_to_code(float voltage){
	int code=4095.0/DAC_REF_VOLTAGE*voltage;
	return code;
}

void dac_write(int code){
	
	Wire.beginTransmission(MCP4725_ADDR);
	Wire.write(64);                     // cmd to update the DAC
	Wire.write(code >> 4);        // the 8 most significant bits...
	Wire.write((code & 15) << 4); // the 4 least significant bits...
	Wire.endTransmission();
}

void read_status(){
	voltage_sum=0;
	current_sum=0;
	for (i=0;i<POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING;i++){
		voltage_sum+=voltage_readings[i];
		current_sum+=current_sensing_resistor_readings[i];
	}
	regulator_voltage_code =((float)voltage_sum)/POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING;
	csr_voltage_code=((float)current_sum)/POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING;
	
	//int_voltage1 = (analogRead(A1)+analogRead(A1)+analogRead(A1)+analogRead(A1))/4;
	//dac_voltage = int_voltage1 * (ADC_REF_VOLTAGE / 1023.0);
	regulator_voltage = regulator_voltage_code * (ADC_REF_VOLTAGE / 1023.0)*(R1+R2)/R1;
	resistor_voltage=csr_voltage_code * (ADC_REF_VOLTAGE / 1023.0);
	current_mA = resistor_voltage/CURRENT_SENSING_SESISTOR*1000;
	battery_voltage=regulator_voltage-resistor_voltage;
}

void dac_write_voltage(float voltage){
	//if (last_dac_voltage==voltage) return;
	last_dac_voltage=voltage;
	dac_write(voltage_to_code(voltage));
}

void read_hw(){//Read battery and current sensing voltages for averaging
	voltage_readings[averaging_index]=analogRead(BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PIN); //100 us time to read?
	current_sensing_resistor_readings[averaging_index]=analogRead(CURRENT_SENSING_SESISTOR_PIN); //100 us time to read?
	
	tmp_resistor_voltage=current_sensing_resistor_readings[averaging_index] * (ADC_REF_VOLTAGE / 1023.0);
	tmp_current_mA=tmp_resistor_voltage/CURRENT_SENSING_SESISTOR*1000;
	tmp_regulator_voltage=voltage_readings[averaging_index] * (ADC_REF_VOLTAGE / 1023.0)*(R1+R2)/R1;
	tmp_battery_voltage=tmp_regulator_voltage-tmp_resistor_voltage;
	
	averaging_index++;
	if (averaging_index>=POINTS_FOR_AVERAGING) averaging_index=0;
	
	if(tmp_battery_voltage>MAXIMUM_BATTERY_VOLTAGE) {
		disconnect_charging_circuit();	//Disconnect charger from battery
		charger_state=OVERVOLTAGE;
	}
	if (tmp_current_mA>MAXIMIM_ALLOWED_CURRENT ){
		disconnect_charging_circuit();	//Disconnect charger from battery
		charger_state=OVERCURRENT;
	}
}

void disconnect_charging_circuit(){
	digitalWrite(CHARGE_RELAY_PIN,DISCONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY);	//Disconnect charger from battery
}

void connect_charging_circuit(){
	digitalWrite(CHARGE_RELAY_PIN,CONNECT_CHARGE_RELAY);	//Connect charger to battery
}
//sec_index=0;
//min_index=0;

lcd.ino

Arduino
void update_lcd(String first_line,String second_line){
	//Serial.print("update_lcd ");
	//Serial.print(lcd_last_string2);
	//Serial.print(" ");
	//Serial.println(second_line);
	if (lcd_last_string1!=first_line){
		lcd.clear();
		lcd.setCursor(0,0);
		lcd.print(first_line);
		lcd_last_string1=first_line;
		lcd.setCursor(0,1);
		lcd.print(second_line);
		lcd_last_string2=second_line;
	}
	if(lcd_last_second!=second()){
		if (lcd_last_string2!=second_line){
			lcd.setCursor(0,1);
			lcd.print(second_line);
			lcd_last_string2=second_line;
		}
	}
	lcd_last_second=second();
}

String construct_status_string(void){
	String v,i;
	if (battery_voltage<10) v=String(battery_voltage, 2);
	else v=String(battery_voltage, 1);
	if (current_mA<10) i=String(current_mA, 2);
	else i=String(current_mA, 1);
	//Serial.println(v);
	mytime elapsed;
	String msg,msg_time;
	//Serial.print(charging_started);
	//Serial.print(" ");
	//Serial.println(String(millis()-charging_started));
	
	switch(charger_state){
		case CHARGING:
			elapsed=mills2time(ChargingTimeMillis);
			break;
		case TRICKLE:
			elapsed=mills2time(TrickleChargingTimeMillis);
			break;
	}
	if (charger_state==CHARGING || charger_state==TRICKLE){
		if (elapsed.total_minutes<10) msg_time=String(elapsed.total_minutes)+"  ";
		else if (elapsed.total_minutes<100) msg_time=String(elapsed.total_minutes)+" ";
		else msg_time=String(elapsed.total_minutes);
	}
	
	switch(charger_state){
		case CHARGING:
			msg=v+String(F("V "))+i+String(F("mA"))+" "+msg_time;
			break;
		case TRICKLE:
			msg=v+String(F("V "))+i+String(F("mA"))+" "+msg_time;
			break;
		default:
			msg=v+String(F("V "))+i+String(F("mA"));
	}
	
	msg.replace("-","");//Remove minus sign
	return msg;
}

String construct_time_string(mytime timeinfo){
	String mystring=String(timeinfo.hours,DEC)+String(F(":"))+String(timeinfo.minutes,DEC);
	//return String(timeinfo.hours,DEC)+String(F(":"))+String(timeinfo.minutes,DEC);
	return mystring;
}

calculations.ino

Arduino
float best_linear_fit(float y[MINUTES_TO_LOG]){
	float sx = 0.0, sy = 0.0, sxx = 0.0, sxy = 0.0;
	//int n = y.size();
	for (i = 0; i < MINUTES_TO_LOG; ++i){
		sx += (float)i;
		sy += y[i];
		sxx += (float)i*(float)i;
		sxy += (float)i*y[i];
	}
	float delta = MINUTES_TO_LOG*sxx - sx*sx;
	float slope = (MINUTES_TO_LOG*sxy - sx*sy)/delta;
	//float intercept = (sxx*sy - sx*sxy)/delta;
	return slope;
}

mytime mills2time(unsigned long int time_mills){
	mytime result;
	result.total_minutes=time_mills/1000/60;
	result.hours=result.total_minutes/60;
	result.minutes=result.total_minutes%60;
	return result;
}

int calculate_charge(unsigned long time_mills){
	unsigned int elapsed_sec=time_mills/1000;
	float elapsed_hours=elapsed_sec/60.0/60.0*target_current_mA;
	return (int)elapsed_hours;
}

String M2S(const char signMessage[]){
	
	int k,len;
	len= strlen_P(signMessage);
	String mess;
	char char_message[len+1],myChar;
	for (k = 0; k < len; k++){
		mess+=  (char)pgm_read_byte_near(signMessage + k);
	}
	//char_message[len]='\0';
	return mess;
 }

New LiquidCrystal library used for this project

Arduino
No preview (download only).

Credits

Alex Stepanov

Alex Stepanov

4 projects • 22 followers
Analog engineer
Thanks to F Malpartida.

Comments

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