Published April 25, 2019 © GPL3+

What Do I Build Next? Some Assembly Required? Part 3 of 4

The first build is done... now the BRAINS!

IntermediateFull instructions provided6 hours916

What Do I Build Next? Some Assembly Required? Part 3 of 4

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Amazon Web Services L298N Motor Driver

Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero W

Adafruit Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2

Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Camera Cable

Adafruit 16-Channel 12-bit PWM/Servo Driver - I2C interface - PCA9685

Battery Holder, 18650 x 2

https://www.amazon.com/SACKORANGE-Plastic-Battery-Storage-Holder/dp/B06XT1DM74/ref=sr_1_4?crid=2C5BLOQZ3GXQ7&keywords=18650+battery+holder+with+leads&qid=1554767816&s=gateway&sprefix=18650+battery+holder%2Caps%2C147&sr=8-4

Amazon Web Services 18650 battery

Amazon Web Services 16gb SD card

Tank Vehicle-Banggood

Female/Female Jumper Wires

Amazon

Adafruit Power switch-barrel

Amazon Web Services Power Switch-micro usb

Software apps and online services

Raspberry Pi Raspbian

Latest Pixel Stretch- full

Story

What Do I Build Next? Part 3 of 4. Electronics and software installation on my 16 wheeled platform from Banggood. The following examples, links, software were used in Part 4 of 4 as well.

Usually I would leave DEMO Video until bottom of project, but this time I'll lead with it. A few lessons after viewing and driving... I'll need to investigate further why the turning/steering is much slower than I had envisioned. Possibly need to run the four motors/ two pairs on separate L298N controllers with separate batteries?

Part 3 of 4 Final Build

Most Maker's will put final build DEMO Video at end of project...I have but this time... I'll lead with it:

1. Use SSH and Putty to remote into the Tank Vehicle, open two terminal sessions to launch each control app.

2. Start WebIOPi (in 1st Terminal window, once logged into the Robot, in my case using the "Up arrow" on keyboard returned last command entered

sudo webiopi -d -c /etc/webiopi/config

3. Start MpegStreamer (in 2nd Terminal window, once logged into the Robot type)

cd ~/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/mjpg-streamer

sudo./start.sh

4. Open "Chrome" Browser to Web Control App and enjoy (in may case, http://10.0.0.156:8000)

Part 3 of 4 Final Build Demo Video

Guide(s) and Weblinks:

Giving acknowledgments to Kookye and Osoyoo for their well documented guides that allowed me to adapt my existing hardware to the code examples.

All these links and examples have been used by myself to build Projects/Robot Cars based upon the Arduino and Raspberry Pi controllers that I have purchased and have used to expand my knowledge and apply to other form factors.

You should also.

http://osoyoo.com/2017/08/osoyoo-robot-car-diy-introduction/

http://osoyoo.com/2017/10/09/raspberry-pi-starter-kit-v1-introduction/

http://osoyoo.com/2017/04/arduinosmartcarlesson1/

http://osoyoo.com/2016/06/13/internet-of-thingsiot-starter-kit-on-raspberry-pi/

http://osoyoo.com/2017/05/wifi-control-smart-car/

http://osoyoo.com/2017/05/tracking-smart-car/

http://osoyoo.com/2017/05/arduino_car_obstacle_avoidance/

http://osoyoo.com/2017/04/control-smart-car-with-ir/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-robot-car-starter-kit-lesson-1package-list/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-robot-car-starter-kit-lesson-2raspberry-pi-3b-board/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-robot-car-starter-kit-lesson-3installation-of-tank-car-chassis/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-car-starter-kit-lesson-2installation-of-electronic-parts/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/20/rasberry-pi-tank-car-starter-kit-lesson-3-web-video-camera/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-robot-car-starter-kit-lesson-3line-follow/

freespinwheel

wheel assembly

treadspin

demomotortest

Low level Python motor code demo

demoswstreaming

WebIOPi

demovideocontrol

Python control

1stDemoBuild

http://kookye.com/2018/07/24/raspberry-pi-robot-tank-car-starter-kit-tutorial-guide/#more-6887

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-car-starter-kit-lesson-2installation-of-electronic-parts/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/20/rasberry-pi-tank-car-starter-kit-lesson-3-web-video-camera/

http://kookye.com/2018/07/19/rasberry-pi-tank-car-starter-kit-lesson-2installation-of-electronic-parts/

1 / 3

****As of 4/20/19, I am still waiting for a right angle Micro USB connector that I can use on the Raspberry Pi power connection for the 5Vdc 2A USB battery pack and also the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and mount. I am also debating the Pi Camera mount.... a Pan-n-tilt servo assembly... but that'll require extensive code revision... or just the fixed camera mount. I also haven't installed the LED headlights or the Battery Voltage display meter. The weather here has been raining for almost two weeks off and on and always when I have the time to bring my tank outside for some "off-road" testing... that'll be fun.

Rasberry Pi Tank Robot Car Starter Kit

Lesson 4: Installation of Electronic Parts

Objective In this lesson, you will install the most important framework in the smart car and make car to do some simple movements as per our python sample code.

If you have passed the test movement of this lesson, that means Arduino, voltage meter, motor drive module(Model-PI), motors, batteries, chassis and wire connections between these parts are all functioning well.

As your experiments in future lessons are all based on frame work of Lesson One, it is very important to test the installation and sample code in this Lesson properly.

Hardware Installation Video in tutorial for Hardware Installation

STEP1. Install raspberry pi board, model pi driver board and 16 Channel 12-bit PWM compatible module as follows.

STEP2: Install the Voltage Meter, Webcam and 5 tracking sensors as follows. (My build did not include these at this time...your's can)

STEP3:Connect the electronic parts as follows:

(1)Connect right and left motors to K1 and K3 sockets in model pi driver board. ( I wired mine to the L298N Driver Board)

STEP3-1 (2)Connect 1st battery box (2 x 18650=8.4vdc) and 5vdc (USB 5v 2A external) battery box to the L298N as follows.

STEP3-2 (3)Connect 16 Channel 12-bit PWM compatible module to the L298N board as follows.(5vdc and gnd)

STEP3-3 (4)Connect right and left LED light to 16 Channel 12-bit PWM compatible module as follows.(did not connect LED's at this point)

STEP3-4 (5)Connect raspberry pi board to 16 Channel 12-bit PWM compatible module as follows.

STEP3-5 (6)Connect 5 tracking sensors to 16 Channel 12-bit PWM compatible module as follows.(did not install)

II.Software Installation

Software Preparation:

Imager utility: Win32DiskImager utility

OS: Raspbian (Use OS Raspbian 2018-04-18 in the subsequent tutorials)

Format Tool: SDFormatter (Optional) or Balenaio

SSH Tool: PuTTY (for Windows users)

Step 1:Before connect to Raspberry Pi, you need to install Raspbian Operation System(OS) onto SD card.

You can select the latest version of RASPBIAN system on the official website: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/images/.

Write the image via Win32DiskImager utility into your microSD/TF card(minimum 16G),

then plug the card into the slot on your Raspberry Pi.write_raspbian

Step 1: Connect Wifi

Firstly, Connect Raspberry Pi to your HDMI monitor or TV.

Put a keyboard and mouse into Raspberry Pi USB ports.

Insert SD card into the slot on your Raspberry Pi.

Click on the wireless icon top right on desktop, should give a list of access points, select your wifi ssid and connect it.

Once your Pi is connect to Wifi, you can hover your mouse to the wifi icon to see the your IP address.

Or your can type

sudo ifconfig wlan0

command in terminal.

Your local ip address will show in wlan0 block(right side of the word inet addr:).

It will look like (192.168.x.x)……(in my case in was 10.0.x.x)Please remember above IP address, it will be used in our next steps.

Step 2: Open SSH connection

SSH enable user to type shell command remotely from internet so that we can control the car through wifi.

In order to enable SSH function, we need type following command from terminal:

sudo raspi-config

Then select

Interfacing Options->SSH->Yes->Ok->Finish (I also enbled I2C, CAMERA, VNC, SPI as well)

step2-1-advanced_option

step2-2-SSH

step2-3-SSH_Yes

step2-4-SSH-Yes

step2-5-SSH_finish

Step 3:Use SSH to connect Raspberry Pi terminal remotely

In order to make the car moving freely, we need disconnect Raspberry Pi from monitor, keyboard/mouse and use SSH to send command to Raspberry Pi terminal remotely.

If you are using Windows to send ssh command. you need download a free software called PuTTy to connect the Raspberry Pi local IP(you got from STEP 1).

If you are using MacBook or other linux computer, please type:

ssh pi@192.168.50.7(????????????)

ssh your_raspberry_pi_local_ip_address

*your_raspberry_pi_local_ip_address means the wifi IP address you got from STEP 1

When connecting ssh, you need use default user name pi and default password raspberry to login to Raspberry Pi.

( I also finished any localizations for my country and time zone)

Step 4: Open I2C function

I2C is a protocol which will be used to exchange data with I2C device.

In our project, I2C device is PCA9685 module.

In order to use I2C function, we need type following command from terminal:

sudo raspi-config

Then select

Interfacing Options->I2C->Yes->Ok->Finish

Step 5: Install GPIO Library

(1)Update Rasbian Repository by typing following terminal command

cd ~

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

(2)Install python-pip, python-sumbus and github

sudo apt-get install build-essential python-pip python-dev python-smbus git

(3)Install GPIO Library by typing following terminal command

git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO.git

cd Adafruit_Python_GPIO

sudo python setup.py install

(4)Typing following terminal command to remove installation files and save disk space

cd ~

sudo rm -fr Adafruit_Python_GPIO

Testing Previous Installation•

(5)Download testing python code by typing following commands:

cd ~

mkdir -p osoyoo-robot/

cd osoyoo-robot/

wget http://osoyoo.com/driver/motor-test-tank.tar.gz

tar -zxvf motor-test-tank.tar.gz

cd motor-test

Testing

Step 6: Run Testing Python code

cd ~/osoyoo-robot/motor-test

python motor-test.py

After running above python sample code, your car should move forward for 2 seconds, then move backward for 2 seconds, then turn left for 2 seconds and finally turn right for 2 seconds.

If your car does not move as per above scenario, the installation should have some problem.

You need double check the wire connection and software installation as per our previous steps.___________________________________________

Rasberry Pi Tank Robot Car Starter Kit

Lesson 6: Web Control Camera

Objective

In this lesson, we will learn how to let the robot car has vision to see front environment and how to control the robot car through web browser or mobile APP.

To complete this task, we need install a web server software called “mjpg-streamer” in Raspberry Pi, this software will catch video from Robot Car camera and send the video to a web page.

We also need to install another web server software called “WebIOPi” in Raspberry Pi.

This software will allow user to use browser to remotely control Raspberry Pi GPIO input/output and therefore control the movement of our robot motor.

Software Installation

Before type the following commands, you need to open the I2C and know your raspberry pi IP address.

(1)If you don’t know your raspberry pi IP address, type following command in your terminal, Your raspberry Pi IP address is in the right side of the word inet addr.

ifconfig wlan0 IP address

STEP 1: Download and upzip software package by running following terminal commands

cd ~

sudo apt-get install rpi.gpio -y

mkdir -p osoyoo-robot/cam-robot

cd osoyoo-robot/cam-robot

wget http://osoyoo.com/driver/WebIOPi-0.7.1.tar.gz

wget http://osoyoo.com/driver/mjpg-streamer.tar.gz

wget http://osoyoo.com/driver/robot-tank.tar.gz

tar -xzvf WebIOPi-0.7.1.tar.gz

tar -xzvf mjpg-streamer.tar.gz

tar -xzvf robot-tank.tar.gz

STEP 2:WebIOPI server Installation

(1)Download WebIOPi patch

cd ~/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/WebIOPi-0.7.1/

wget http://osoyoo.com/driver/webiopi-pi2bplus.patch

Install WebIOPi patch

patch -p1 -i webiopi-pi2bplus.patch

(3).Compile webiopi

sudo./setup.sh

(4).You need verify the installation by typing following command

webiopi -h

If WebIOPi is installed successfully, you will see following message in terminal, otherwise you might need redo the download and installation.

sudo webiopi [-h] [-c config] [-l log] [-s script] [-d] [port] Options: -h, --help Display this help -c, --config file Load config from file -l, --log file Log to file -s, --script file Load script from file -d, --debug Enable DEBUG Arguments: port Port to bind the HTTP Server

(5)Run webiopi by typing following command

sudo webiopi -d -c /etc/webiopi/config

Use a browser in another computer (your computer/PAD/Phone in same LAN of your Pi) to visit your Pi’s IP address with port “8000” ( i.e http://192.168.50.7:8000, please replace 192.168.50.7 with your Pi’s local IP address), your browser will show WebIOPi login page.

You need use default WebIOPi user name “webiopi” and default password “raspberry” to login to the server.

Once you are logged into WebIOPi page, you will see WebIOPI Main Menu as following.

If you can not see this page, you need to reinstall the WebIOPI software.

Please press “Ctrl” + “C” then “Ctrl” + “Z” in your terminal to end WebIOPi running.

STEP3: Installation mjpg-streamer server

If you are using CSI camera, please take following action as per step A and B.

If you are using USB camera which comes with the car, please skip these two step(A)Enable camera in Raspberry Pisudo raspi-config(B) Edit “/etc/modules” file by typing following command(otherwise /dev has no camera device node)sudo nano /etc/modulesPlease add the following line in the bottom of the “/etc/modules” file, and then press “ctrl” + “x” and then “y” to save the file and press “enter” exist nano editorbcm2835-v4l2 (l is lowercase letters l, not digital 1)

Step 4:download and install mjpg-streamer support library by typing following command

cd ~

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install libv4l-dev libjpeg8-dev -y

sudo apt-get install subversion -y

Step 5: Compile mjpg-streamer

(1) edit the configuration file “input_uvc.c” by typing following command

cd ~/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/mjpg-streamer

cd plugins/input_uvc

sudo nano input_uvc.c (if vim installed, you can type:

sudo vim input_uvc.c)

Find following line(you can use “ctrl” + “W” to search the line when you enter nano editor)

int width=640, height=480, fps=5, format=V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG

Replace the string V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG with new string V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV

Then press “ctrl” + “x” and then “y” to save the file and press “enter”

exit nano editor

(2) we need compile the source code with following commands:

cd ~/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/mjpg-streamer

make all

(3) test camera installation: Plug your camera into Raspberry Pi, then type following command:

ls /dev/video*

You should see following result in your terminal, “/dev/video0” is the camera installed in Pi

(4) Run mjpg-streamer Server by typing following command in terminal:

sudo./start.sh

Now use browser in another computer to access your Raspberry Pi IP address with port 8899 (i.e, if your Pi IP address is 192.168.50.7, visit http://192.168.50.7:8899 in your browser), you will see following image.

Click Stream button in left menu, you will see the real time video captched by the camera in your Raspberry Pi mjpg-streamer server

You can use Ctrl C command in terminal to end the mjpg-streamer server

Step 6: To combine webiopi and mjpg-streamer into same webpage which allows we “see” video from camera and control Robot Car with brower, we need change some default setting of WebIOPi and MJPG-streamer.

To do so, we need to edit config file by typing following command and modify this file as Modification A, Modification B, Modification C:

sudo nano /etc/webiopi/config

Modification A:

replace webiopi default script python file which allow us to send control signal to Pi from Browser, please add following pink line into “/etc/webiopi/config” file

[SCRIPTS]

# Load custom scripts syntax :

# name = sourcefile

#each sourcefile may have setup, loop and destroy functions and macros

#myscript = /home/pi/WebIOPi-0.7.1/examples/scripts/macros/script.pymyscript = /home/pi/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/robot/script.py

Modification B.

change webiopi default html file path by adding following pink line:

# Use doc-root to change default HTML and resource files location

#doc-root = /home/pi/WebIOPi-0.7.1/examples/servo-controldoc-root = /home/pi/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/robot

Modification C.

Add PCA9685 address into config by addling following pink line

[DEVICES]

# Device configuration syntax:

# name = device [args...]

# name : used in the URL mapping

#device : device name

#args : (optional) see device driver doc

#If enabled, devices configured here are mapped on REST API /device/name

#Devices are also accessible in custom scripts using deviceInstance(name)

#See device driver doc for methods and URI scheme available

# Raspberry native UART on GPIO, uncomment to enable

# Don't forget to remove console on ttyAMA0 in /boot/cmdline.txt

# And also disable getty on ttyAMA0 in /etc/inittab

#serial0 = Serial device:ttyAMA0 baudrate:9600

# USB serial adapters

#usb0 = Serial device:ttyUSB0 baudrate:9600

#usb1 = Serial device:ttyACM0 baudrate:9600

#temp0 = TMP102

#temp1 = TMP102 slave:0x49

#temp2 = DS18B20

#temp3 = DS18B20 slave:28-0000049bc218

#bmp = BMP085

#gpio0 = PCF8574

#gpio1 = PCF8574 slave:0x21

#light0 = TSL2561T

#light1 = TSL2561T slave:0b0101001

#gpio0 = MCP23017

#gpio1 = MCP23017 slave:0x21

#gpio2 = MCP23017 slave:0x22pwm0 = PCA9685 slave:0x40

#PWM1 =PCA9685

#pwm1 = PCA9685 slave:0x41

#adc0 = MCP3008

#adc1 = MCP3008 chip:1 vref:5

#dac1 = MCP4922 chip:1

Finally, press “ctrl” + “x” and then “y” to save the file and press “enter”

exit nano editor

Testing

Step 7:Testing

Now you can put your car on the ground and turn on the power-switch in battery box.

We need to use SSH to control the car.

So you must enable SSH with raspi-config command before testing.

If you are using windows, please use download Putty to ssh your Pi, if you are using MacBook, please directly use ssh command in terminal.

(1) To start mjpg-streamer, in ssh terminal, please type followinig command:

cd ~/osoyoo-robot/cam-robot/mjpg-streamer

sudo./start.sh

(2) To start webiopi, please open another ssh window and type following command:

sudo webiopi -d -c /etc/webiopi/config

Now you can use your browse to acess Raspberry IP with port 8000(i.e, if your Pi IP address is 192.168.0.115, please visit http://192.168.50.7:8000, you will see following picture in your browser, click arrow buttons, you can make car moving to your desired directions.

You can also use Osoyoo or Kookye's Android App or Apple App instead of browser to control the car.

Download the Apple app from Apple APP store.

Download the Android app from google play or http://osoyoo.com/driver/osoyoo-robot.apk

Run the App, click set up and enter config page set the fields as following:

IP Address: 192.168.50.7 (Your raspberry pi ip )

Port: 8000

User Name: webiopi

Password: raspberry

Video Port:8899

Click Save button and exit config page

Now you can use the arrow buttons in App to control the car

Oh, By the Way... there is a Part 5 of 4 in progress. Since I have the Kookye Arduino Robot Tank Kit electronics kit, I have started to put it together and will retrofit those electronics to one of my current builds.

Code

from __future__ import division
import time
#import the PCA9685 module.
import osoyoo_PCA9685
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
speed1 = 4095  #forward/backward speed
speed2 = 2048  #turn speed
ena = 8
enb = 13
in1 = 9
in2 = 10
in3 = 11
in4 = 12
high_speed=4000
mid_speed=3000
low_speed=1200
left_light=4
right_light=3
# Initialise the PCA9685 using the default address (0x40).
pwm = osoyoo_PCA9685.PCA9685()
# Set frequency to 60hz.
pwm.set_pwm_freq(60)
#Set motor speed. speed max is 4095,min is 0 
def set_speed(lspeed,rspeed):
    pwm.set_pwm(ena,0,lspeed)
    pwm.set_pwm(enb,0,rspeed)

#Robot car forward
def go_forward():
    set_speed(high_speed,high_speed)
    pwm.set_pwm(right_light,0,0)   #right light off
    pwm.set_pwm(left_light,0,0)   #left light off
    pwm.set_pwm(in1,0,0)      #IN1
    pwm.set_pwm(in2,0,4095)   #IN2
    
    pwm.set_pwm(in3,0,0)      #IN3
    pwm.set_pwm(in4,0,4095)   #IN4

#Robot car backwards
def go_back():
    pwm.set_pwm(right_light,0,0)   #right light off
    pwm.set_pwm(left_light,0,0)   #left light off
    pwm.set_pwm(in1,0,4095)   #IN1
    pwm.set_pwm(in2,0,0)      #IN2
    
    pwm.set_pwm(in3,0,4095)   #IN3
    pwm.set_pwm(in4,0,0)      #IN4



#Robot car turn left
def turn_left():
    set_speed(mid_speed,mid_speed)
    pwm.set_pwm(left_light,0,2400)   #left light on
    pwm.set_pwm(right_light,0,0)   #right light off
    pwm.set_pwm(in1,0,4095)   #IN1
    pwm.set_pwm(in2,0,0)      #IN2
    
    pwm.set_pwm(in3,0,0)      #IN3
    pwm.set_pwm(in4,0,4095)   #IN4

#Robot turn right
def turn_right():
    set_speed(mid_speed,mid_speed)
    pwm.set_pwm(left_light,0,0)   #left light off
    pwm.set_pwm(right_light,0,2400)   #right light on
    pwm.set_pwm(in1,0,0)      #IN1
    pwm.set_pwm(in2,0,4095)   #IN2
    
    pwm.set_pwm(in3,0,4095)   #IN3
    pwm.set_pwm(in4,0,0)      #IN4

#Robot stop move
def stop():
    set_speed(0,0)

def test():
    #forward-->2s
    go_forward()
    time.sleep(2)
    #backward-->2s
    go_back()
    time.sleep(2)
    #turn left-->2s
    turn_left()
    time.sleep(2)
    #turn right-->2s
    turn_right()
    time.sleep(2)
    #stop
    stop()
    
#Reset PCA9685's all channels    
def destroy():
    pwm.set_all_pwm(0,0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
	#forward-->backward-->turn left-->turn right-->stop
        test()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
	#robot car stop
        destroy()

from __future__ import division
import logging
import time
import math


# Registers/etc:
PCA9685_ADDRESS    = 0x40
MODE1              = 0x00
MODE2              = 0x01
SUBADR1            = 0x02
SUBADR2            = 0x03
SUBADR3            = 0x04
PRESCALE           = 0xFE
LED0_ON_L          = 0x06
LED0_ON_H          = 0x07
LED0_OFF_L         = 0x08
LED0_OFF_H         = 0x09
ALL_LED_ON_L       = 0xFA
ALL_LED_ON_H       = 0xFB
ALL_LED_OFF_L      = 0xFC
ALL_LED_OFF_H      = 0xFD

# Bits:
RESTART            = 0x80
SLEEP              = 0x10
ALLCALL            = 0x01
INVRT              = 0x10
OUTDRV             = 0x04


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def software_reset(i2c=None, **kwargs):
    """Sends a software reset (SWRST) command to all servo drivers on the bus."""
    # Setup I2C interface for device 0x00 to talk to all of them.
    self._device = i2c.get_i2c_device(0x00, **kwargs)
    self._device.writeRaw8(0x06)  # SWRST

class PCA9685(object):
    """PCA9685 PWM LED/servo controller."""

    def __init__(self, address=PCA9685_ADDRESS, i2c=None, **kwargs):
        """Initialize the PCA9685."""
        # Setup I2C interface for the device.
        if i2c is None:
            import Adafruit_GPIO.I2C as I2C
            i2c = I2C
        self._device = i2c.get_i2c_device(address, **kwargs)
        self.set_all_pwm(0, 0)
        self._device.write8(MODE2, OUTDRV)
        self._device.write8(MODE1, ALLCALL)
        time.sleep(0.005)  # wait for oscillator
        mode1 = self._device.readU8(MODE1)
        mode1 = mode1 & ~SLEEP  # wake up (reset sleep)
        self._device.write8(MODE1, mode1)
        time.sleep(0.005)  # wait for oscillator

    def set_pwm_freq(self, freq_hz):
        """Set the PWM frequency to the provided value in hertz."""
        prescaleval = 25000000.0    # 25MHz
        prescaleval /= 4096.0       # 12-bit
        prescaleval /= float(freq_hz)
        prescaleval -= 1.0
        logger.debug('Setting PWM frequency to {0} Hz'.format(freq_hz))
        logger.debug('Estimated pre-scale: {0}'.format(prescaleval))
        prescale = int(math.floor(prescaleval + 0.5))
        logger.debug('Final pre-scale: {0}'.format(prescale))
        oldmode = self._device.readU8(MODE1);
        newmode = (oldmode & 0x7F) | 0x10    # sleep
        self._device.write8(MODE1, newmode)  # go to sleep
        self._device.write8(PRESCALE, prescale)
        self._device.write8(MODE1, oldmode)
        time.sleep(0.005)
        self._device.write8(MODE1, oldmode | 0x80)

    def set_pwm(self, channel, on, off):
        """Sets a single PWM channel."""
        self._device.write8(LED0_ON_L+4*channel, on & 0xFF)
        self._device.write8(LED0_ON_H+4*channel, on >> 8)
        self._device.write8(LED0_OFF_L+4*channel, off & 0xFF)
        self._device.write8(LED0_OFF_H+4*channel, off >> 8)

    def set_all_pwm(self, on, off):
        """Sets all PWM channels."""
        self._device.write8(ALL_LED_ON_L, on & 0xFF)
        self._device.write8(ALL_LED_ON_H, on >> 8)
        self._device.write8(ALL_LED_OFF_L, off & 0xFF)
        self._device.write8(ALL_LED_OFF_H, off >> 8)

Credits

James Martel

48 projects • 63 followers

Self taught Robotics platform developer with electronics background

What Do I Build Next? Some Assembly Required? Part 3 of 4

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Schematics

Interconnect 3-3

interconnect 3-5

Code

Osoyoo PCA9685 Driver

Osoyoo PCA9685 Python Driver

osoyoo PCA9685 C

Credits

James Martel

Comments

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What Do I Build Next? Some Assembly Required? Part 3 of 4

What Do I Build Next? Some Assembly Required? Part 3 of 4

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Schematics

Interconnect 3-3

interconnect 3-5

Code

Osoyoo PCA9685 Driver

Osoyoo PCA9685 Python Driver

osoyoo PCA9685 C

Credits

James Martel

Comments

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