Smart Energy Efficient Urban Farming

Our aim is to make urban farming more convenient and more power efficient, as high energy cost is the reason why urban farming is expensive.

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Things used in this project

Hardware components

M5Stack FIRE IoT Development Kit (PSRAM 2.0)

M5Stack Time-of-Flight (ToF) VL53L0X Laser Ranging Unit (MCP4725/)

SG90 Micro-servo motor

M5Stack Earth Module Grove Compatible Soil monitoring

M5Stack ENV III Unit with Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Sensor (SHT30+QMP6988)

M5Stack RGB Unit with NeoPixel RGB LED (SK6812)

M5Stack Light Unit with Photo-resistance

M5Stack I2C Hub 1 to 6 Expansion TCA9548A Module

Software apps and online services

Qubitro

M5Stack Uiflow

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Hot glue gun (generic)

Scissors, Free Fall

Story

Urban farming has become increasingly popular in recent years as a means of providing fresh, locally-grown produce to urban communities. However, this trend has also led to a significant increase in energy consumption, particularly in large-scale urban farming operations. This project aims to address this issue by developing sustainable and energy-efficient practices in urban farming that will reduce energy use and promote environmental sustainability.

Objectives:

To develop and implement sustainable practices in urban farming that will reduce energy use and promote energy efficiency.
To educate urban farmers and the public on the importance of reducing energy use in urban farming and the benefits of sustainable practices.
To encourage the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and practices in urban farming operations.

Research:

Singapore electricity tariffs has increased year over year. It currently cost 28.95 cents per KW/hr
Artificial light can supplement natural light
Plants compete for sunlight when there's limited space
Overwatering of plants can cause them to die
Humidity and temperature affects plants transpiration which affects amount of water released through water vapour
Pressure affects the permeability of cell membrane which affects growth, and ability to respond to environmental stress.

Project:

Height Checker - Using a TOF sensor, it can measure the growth of the plant and plots it onto the dashboard.
Automated Sunroof - Using a light sensor, if the sunlight is too intense for the plants, a motor will start up which pulls out a light diffuser which prevents the light from the interior LED light to escape
Moisture Sensor - It monitors the moisture of the soil of the plants to ensure that it is not too moist
Air Conditioner - It regulates the interior temperature of the greenhouse to ensure that it doesn't become too hot for the plants. It can go into power saving mode if the temperature is cold enough while is also can go into high power mode if the temperature got too high.

Prototype

Main M5stack Menu

Secondary M5stack

Dashboard Mobile/Web Version

QR code for Dashboard

Block Diagram for Main M5stack

Block Diagram for Secondary M5stack

Flowchart for Main M5stack

Flowchart for Secondary M5stack

from m5stack import *
from m5ui import *
from uiflow import *
import espnow
import wifiCfg
import time
from m5mqtt import M5mqtt
import json

import unit


setScreenColor(0x222222)
env2_0 = unit.get(unit.ENV2, unit.PAHUB1)
pahub_0 = unit.get(unit.PAHUB, unit.PORTA)
tof_0 = unit.get(unit.TOF, unit.PAHUB2)
earth_1 = unit.get(unit.EARTH, unit.PORTB)


mac = None
Data_send = None
Tof = None
Sunroof = None
Aircon = None
Moist = None
count = None

wifiCfg.wlan_ap.active(True)
wifiCfg.wlan_sta.active(True)
espnow.init()

button_block_B = M5TextBox(141, 219, "Soil", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
button_block_A = M5TextBox(39, 219, "Aircon", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
button_block_C = M5TextBox(217, 219, "Sunroof", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
Info1 = M5TextBox(13, 19, "label0", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
Info2 = M5TextBox(12, 56, "label1", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
Value1 = M5TextBox(180, 16, "label2", lcd.FONT_UNICODE, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
Value2 = M5TextBox(174, 54, "label3", lcd.FONT_UNICODE, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
label0 = M5TextBox(12, 185, "label0", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
image0 = M5Img(115, 86, "res/menu.png", True)


# Sending Data
def SendData():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  Tof = int((20 - 1.33 * ((tof_0.distance) / 10)))
  if Tof <= 0:
    Tof = 0
  m5mqtt.publish(str('80a11249-f342-463a-a89c-4d98b4b1297a'), str((json.dumps(({'temp':(env2_0.temperature),'press':(env2_0.pressure),'hum':(env2_0.humidity),'moi':(earth_1.analogValue),'ToF':Tof,'Aircon':Aircon,'Moist':Moist})))), )
  wait(1)

# sunroof
def Sunroof_status():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  if Data_send >= str(600):
    Sunroof = 'Open'
  else:
    Sunroof = 'Close'

# Temp and aircon status
def Temp_check():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  if (env2_0.temperature) >= 30:
    Aircon = 'High power'
    rgb.setColorAll(0xff0000)
  elif (env2_0.temperature) >= 12 and (env2_0.temperature) <= 30:
    Aircon = 'Normal'
    rgb.setColorAll(0x33ff33)
  else:
    Aircon = 'Low power'
    rgb.setColorAll(0x33ccff)

# Describe this function...
def buttonC():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  button_block_C.setColor(0xff0000)
  wait_ms(150)
  button_block_C.setColor(0xffffff)
  image0.hide()
  count = 0
  while True:
    Sunroof_status()
    Info1.setText('Luminosity :')
    Info2.setText('Sunroof Status :')
    Value1.setText(str(Data_send))
    Value2.setText(str(Sunroof))
    if Sunroof == 'Close':
      if count == 0:
        image0.changeImg("res/closed1.png")
        count = 1
      elif count == 1:
        image0.changeImg("res/closed1.png")
      elif count == 2:
        image0.hide()
        image0.changeImg("res/closed1.png")
        count = 1
    elif Sunroof == 'Open':
      if count == 0:
        image0.changeImg("res/open1.png")
        count = 2
      elif count == 1:
        image0.hide()
        image0.changeImg("res/open1.png")
        count = 2
      elif count == 2:
        image0.changeImg("res/open1.png")
    SendData()
    if btnB.wasPressed():
      buttonB()
    elif btnA.wasPressed():
      buttonA()
    wait_ms(2)

# Describe this function...
def buttonB():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  button_block_B.setColor(0xff0000)
  wait_ms(150)
  button_block_B.setColor(0xffffff)
  image0.hide()
  count = 0
  while True:
    Soil_Status()
    Info1.setText('Moisture level :')
    Info2.setText('Soil Status :')
    Value1.setText(str(earth_1.analogValue))
    Value2.setText(str(Moist))
    if Moist == 'Very Moist':
      if count == 0:
        image0.changeImg("res/moist.png")
        count = 1
      elif count == 1:
        image0.changeImg("res/moist.png")
      elif count == 2:
        image0.hide()
        image0.changeImg("res/moist.png")
        count = 1
    elif Moist == 'Normal':
      if count == 0:
        image0.changeImg("res/soil.png")
        count = 2
      elif count == 1:
        image0.hide()
        image0.changeImg("res/soil.png")
        count = 2
      elif count == 2:
        image0.changeImg("res/soil.png")
    SendData()
    if btnA.wasPressed():
      buttonA()
    elif btnC.wasPressed():
      buttonC()
    wait_ms(2)

# Moisture
def Soil_Status():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  if (earth_1.analogValue) >= 250:
    Moist = 'Very Moist'
  else:
    Moist = 'Normal'

# Describe this function...
def buttonA():
  global mac, Data_send, Tof, Sunroof, Aircon, Moist, count
  button_block_A.setColor(0xff0000)
  wait_ms(150)
  button_block_A.setColor(0xffffff)
  image0.hide()
  while True:
    Temp_check()
    Info1.setText('Temperature :')
    Info2.setText('Aircon Status :')
    Value1.setText(str((str((env2_0.temperature)) + str('℃'))))
    Value2.setText(str(Aircon))
    if Aircon == 'Normal':
      image0.changeImg("res/normal.png")
    elif Aircon == 'High power':
      image0.changeImg("res/high.png")
    elif Aircon == 'Low power':
      image0.changeImg("res/low.png")
    SendData()
    if btnB.wasPressed():
      buttonB()
    elif btnC.wasPressed():
      buttonC()
    wait_ms(2)



def recv_cb(_):
  global mac,Data_send,Tof,Sunroof,Aircon,Moist,count
  mac, _, Data_send = espnow.recv_data(encoder='str')

  pass
espnow.recv_cb(recv_cb)



wifiCfg.doConnect('Bruh', 'Tekashi69')
if wifiCfg.wlan_sta.isconnected():
  m5mqtt = M5mqtt('80a11249-f342-463a-a89c-4d98b4b1297a', 'broker.qubitro.com', 1883, '80a11249-f342-463a-a89c-4d98b4b1297a', 'KB$dvSNu3epRW3NXko9yur5GAPABE3SQ5qdijGKx', 300)
  m5mqtt.start()
  Aircon = 'Nothing'
  Moist = 'Nothing'
  Value1.hide()
  Value2.hide()
  Info1.setText('To Start')
  Info2.setText('Press One Of The Buttons')
  image0.changeImg("res/menu.png")
  if Data_send == None:
    label0.setText('Not Connected')
    label0.setColor(0xff0000)
    Data_send = '0'
  else:
    label0.setText('Connected')
    label0.setColor(0x33ff33)
  while True:
    if btnA.wasPressed():
      label0.hide()
      buttonA()
    elif btnB.wasPressed():
      label0.hide()
      buttonB()
    elif btnC.wasPressed():
      label0.hide()
      buttonC()
    Soil_Status()
    Temp_check()
    SendData()
    wait_ms(2)

from m5stack import *
from m5ui import *
from uiflow import *
import wifiCfg
import espnow
from m5mqtt import M5mqtt
import time
import json

import unit


setScreenColor(0x222222)
light_0 = unit.get(unit.LIGHT, unit.PORTB)
servo_0 = unit.get(unit.SERVO, unit.PORTA)


Sunroof = None
LED = None
Count_Close = None
i = None

wifiCfg.wlan_ap.active(True)
wifiCfg.wlan_sta.active(True)
espnow.init()

label1 = M5TextBox(64, 51, "Sunroof :", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
Sun = M5TextBox(165, 50, "label2", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
label0 = M5TextBox(40, 10, "Luminosity:", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)
lum = M5TextBox(165, 10, "lum", lcd.FONT_DejaVu18, 0xFFFFFF, rotate=0)




wifiCfg.doConnect('Bruh', 'Tekashi69')
espnow.add_peer('f0:08:d1:c7:39:5d', id=1)
Sunroof = 'Nothing'
if wifiCfg.wlan_sta.isconnected():
  m5mqtt = M5mqtt('66196535-111d-492d-93a6-f1ed75d4b210', 'broker.qubitro.com', 1883, '66196535-111d-492d-93a6-f1ed75d4b210', 'DjjXAGJrCdks9pH-dlMhFzd9ZGjQksZzQcI3TnD5', 300)
  m5mqtt.start()
  wait(2)
  servo_0.write_angle(0)
  LED = 'OFF'
  Count_Close = 0
  while True:
    if (light_0.analogValue) >= 600:
      rgb.setColorAll(0x000000)
      LED = 'OFF'
      if Count_Close == 1:
        for i in range(180, -1, -5):
          servo_0.write_angle(i)
          wait(0.25)
        Sunroof = 'Opening'
        Count_Close = 0
      elif Count_Close == 0:
        Sunroof = 'Open'
      Sunroof = 'Open'
    elif (light_0.analogValue) <= 600:
      rgb.setColorAll(0xcc33cc)
      rgb.setBrightness(100)
      LED = 'ON'
      if Count_Close == 0:
        for i in range(0, 181, 5):
          servo_0.write_angle(i)
          wait(0.25)
        Sunroof = 'Closing'
        Count_Close = 1
      elif Count_Close == 1:
        Sunroof = 'Close'
      Sunroof = 'Close'
    Sun.setText(str(Sunroof))
    espnow.send(id=1, data=str((light_0.analogValue)))
    lum.setText(str(light_0.analogValue))
    m5mqtt.publish(str('66196535-111d-492d-93a6-f1ed75d4b210'), str((json.dumps(({'lum':(light_0.analogValue),'LED':LED,'Sun':Sunroof})))), )
    wait(1)
    wait_ms(2)

Smart Energy Efficient Urban Farming