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Matha Goram
Published © GPL3+

MCUFRIEND 2.4” TFT Display

This note introduces a low-cost Thin Film Transistor (TFT) display to enhance the operation and usefulness of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).

BeginnerProtip30 minutes27,378
MCUFRIEND 2.4” TFT Display

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Elegoo Arduino UNO R3
×1
2.4" TFT LCD
×1

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE

Story

Read more

Code

graphictest_kbv.ino

C/C++
Basic test routine for key functions
// All the mcufriend.com UNO shields have the same pinout.
// i.e. control pins A0-A4.  Data D2-D9.  microSD D10-D13.
// Touchscreens are normally A1, A2, D7, D6 but the order varies
//
// This demo should work with most Adafruit TFT libraries
// If you are not using a shield,  use a full Adafruit constructor()
// e.g. Adafruit_TFTLCD tft(LCD_CS, LCD_CD, LCD_WR, LCD_RD, LCD_RESET);

// The readPIxel() message shows that reading Graphics Memory is is unreliable.
#define SUPPORT_1289 // per David's note for SSD1297 controller

#define LCD_CS A3 // Chip Select goes to Analog 3
#define LCD_CD A2 // Command/Data goes to Analog 2
#define LCD_WR A1 // LCD Write goes to Analog 1
#define LCD_RD A0 // LCD Read goes to Analog 0
#define LCD_RESET A4 // Can alternately just connect to Arduino's reset pin

#include <SPI.h>          // f.k. for Arduino-1.5.2
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"// Hardware-specific library
#include "MCUFRIEND_kbv.h"
MCUFRIEND_kbv tft;
//#include <Adafruit_TFTLCD.h>
//Adafruit_TFTLCD tft(LCD_CS, LCD_CD, LCD_WR, LCD_RD, LCD_RESET);

// Assign human-readable names to some common 16-bit color values:
#define	BLACK   0x0000
#define	BLUE    0x001F
#define	RED     0xF800
#define	GREEN   0x07E0
#define CYAN    0x07FF
#define MAGENTA 0xF81F
#define YELLOW  0xFFE0
#define WHITE   0xFFFF

#ifndef min
#define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif

void setup(void);
void loop(void);
unsigned long testFillScreen();
unsigned long testText();
unsigned long testLines(uint16_t color);
unsigned long testFastLines(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2);
unsigned long testRects(uint16_t color);
unsigned long testFilledRects(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2);
unsigned long testFilledCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color);
unsigned long testCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color);
unsigned long testTriangles();
unsigned long testFilledTriangles();
unsigned long testRoundRects();
unsigned long testFilledRoundRects();
void progmemPrint(const char *str);
void progmemPrintln(const char *str);

void runtests(void);

uint16_t g_identifier;

extern const uint8_t hanzi[];
void showhanzi(unsigned int x, unsigned int y, unsigned char index)
{
    uint8_t i, j, c, first = 1;
    uint8_t *temp = (uint8_t*)hanzi;
    uint16_t color;
    tft.setAddrWindow(x, y, x + 31, y + 31); //设置区域
    temp += index * 128;
    for (j = 0; j < 128; j++)
    {
        c = pgm_read_byte(temp);
        for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
        {
            if ((c & (1 << i)) != 0)
            {
                color = RED;
            }
            else
            {
                color = BLACK;
            }
            tft.pushColors(&color, 1, first);
            first = 0;
        }
        temp++;
    }
}

void setup(void) {
    Serial.begin(9600);
    uint32_t when = millis();
    //    while (!Serial) ;   //hangs a Leonardo until you connect a Serial
    if (!Serial) delay(5000);           //allow some time for Leonardo
    Serial.println("Serial took " + String((millis() - when)) + "ms to start");
    //    tft.reset();                 //hardware reset
    uint16_t ID = tft.readID(); //
    Serial.print("ID = 0x");
    Serial.println(ID, HEX);
    if (ID == 0xD3D3) ID = 0x9481; // write-only shield
//    ID = 0x9329;                             // force ID
    tft.begin(ID);
}

#if defined(MCUFRIEND_KBV_H_)
uint16_t scrollbuf[320];    // my biggest screen is 320x480
#define READGRAM(x, y, buf, w, h)  tft.readGRAM(x, y, buf, w, h)
#else
uint16_t scrollbuf[320];    // Adafruit only does 240x320
// Adafruit can read a block by one pixel at a time
int16_t  READGRAM(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *block, int16_t w, int16_t h)
{
    uint16_t *p;
    for (int row = 0; row < h; row++) {
        p = block + row * w;
        for (int col = 0; col < w; col++) {
            *p++ = tft.readPixel(x + col, y + row);
        }
    }
}
#endif

void windowScroll(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t wid, int16_t ht, int16_t dx, int16_t dy, uint16_t *buf)
{
    if (dx) for (int16_t row = 0; row < ht; row++) {
            READGRAM(x, y + row, buf, wid, 1);
            tft.setAddrWindow(x, y + row, x + wid - 1, y + row);
            tft.pushColors(buf + dx, wid - dx, 1);
            tft.pushColors(buf + 0, dx, 0);
        }
    if (dy) for (int16_t col = 0; col < wid; col++) {
            READGRAM(x + col, y, buf, 1, ht);
            tft.setAddrWindow(x + col, y, x + col, y + ht - 1);
            tft.pushColors(buf + dy, ht - dy, 1);
            tft.pushColors(buf + 0, dy, 0);
        }
}

void printmsg(int row, const char *msg)
{
    tft.setTextColor(YELLOW, BLACK);
    tft.setCursor(0, row);
    tft.println(msg);
}

void loop(void) {
    uint8_t aspect;
    uint16_t pixel;
    const char *aspectname[] = {
        "PORTRAIT", "LANDSCAPE", "PORTRAIT_REV", "LANDSCAPE_REV"
    };
    const char *colorname[] = { "BLUE", "GREEN", "RED", "GRAY" };
    uint16_t colormask[] = { 0x001F, 0x07E0, 0xF800, 0xFFFF };
    uint16_t dx, rgb, n, wid, ht, msglin;
    tft.setRotation(0);
    runtests();
    delay(2000);
    if (tft.height() > 64) {
        for (uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < 4; cnt++) {
            aspect = (cnt + 0) & 3;
            tft.setRotation(aspect);
            wid = tft.width();
            ht = tft.height();
            msglin = (ht > 160) ? 200 : 112;
            testText();
            dx = wid / 32;
            for (n = 0; n < 32; n++) {
                rgb = n * 8;
                rgb = tft.color565(rgb, rgb, rgb);
                tft.fillRect(n * dx, 48, dx, 63, rgb & colormask[aspect]);
            }
            tft.drawRect(0, 48 + 63, wid, 1, WHITE);
            tft.setTextSize(2);
            tft.setTextColor(colormask[aspect], BLACK);
            tft.setCursor(0, 72);
            tft.print(colorname[aspect]);
            tft.setTextColor(WHITE);
            tft.println(" COLOR GRADES");
            tft.setTextColor(WHITE, BLACK);
            printmsg(184, aspectname[aspect]);
            delay(1000);
            tft.drawPixel(0, 0, YELLOW);
            pixel = tft.readPixel(0, 0);
            tft.setTextSize((ht > 160) ? 2 : 1); //for messages
#if defined(MCUFRIEND_KBV_H_)
#if 1
            extern const uint8_t penguin[];
            tft.setAddrWindow(wid - 40 - 40, 20 + 0, wid - 1 - 40, 20 + 39);
            tft.pushColors(penguin, 1600, 1);
#elif 1
            extern const uint8_t wifi_full[];
            tft.setAddrWindow(wid - 40 - 40, 20 + 0, wid - 40 - 40 + 31, 20 + 31);
            tft.pushColors(wifi_full, 1024, 1, true);
#elif 1
            extern const uint8_t icon_40x40[];
            tft.setAddrWindow(wid - 40 - 40, 20 + 0, wid - 1 - 40, 20 + 39);
            tft.pushColors(icon_40x40, 1600, 1);
#endif
            tft.setAddrWindow(0, 0, wid - 1, ht - 1);
            if (aspect & 1) tft.drawRect(wid - 1, 0, 1, ht, WHITE);
            else tft.drawRect(0, ht - 1, wid, 1, WHITE);
            printmsg(msglin, "VERTICAL SCROLL UP");
            uint16_t maxscroll;
            if (tft.getRotation() & 1) maxscroll = wid;
            else maxscroll = ht;
            for (uint16_t i = 1; i <= maxscroll; i++) {
                tft.vertScroll(0, maxscroll, i);
                delay(10);
            }
            delay(1000);
			printmsg(msglin, "VERTICAL SCROLL DN");
            for (uint16_t i = 1; i <= maxscroll; i++) {
                tft.vertScroll(0, maxscroll, 0 - (int16_t)i);
                delay(10);
            }
			tft.vertScroll(0, maxscroll, 0);
            printmsg(msglin, "SCROLL DISABLED   ");

            delay(1000);
            if ((aspect & 1) == 0) { //Portrait
                tft.setTextColor(BLUE, BLACK);
                printmsg(msglin, "ONLY THE COLOR BAND");
                for (uint16_t i = 1; i <= 64; i++) {
                    tft.vertScroll(48, 64, i);
                    delay(20);
                }
                delay(1000);
            }
#endif
            tft.setTextColor(YELLOW, BLACK);
            if (pixel == YELLOW) {
                printmsg(msglin, "SOFTWARE SCROLL    ");
#if 0
                // diagonal scroll of block
                for (int16_t i = 45, dx = 2, dy = 1; i > 0; i -= dx) {
                    windowScroll(24, 8, 90, 40, dx, dy, scrollbuf);
                }
#else
                // plain horizontal scroll of block
                n = (wid > 320) ? 320 : wid;
                for (int16_t i = n, dx = 4, dy = 0; i > 0; i -= dx) {
                    windowScroll(0, 200, n, 16, dx, dy, scrollbuf);
                }
#endif
            }
            else if (pixel == CYAN)
                tft.println("readPixel() reads as BGR");
            else if ((pixel & 0xF8F8) == 0xF8F8)
                tft.println("readPixel() should be 24-bit");
            else {
                tft.print("readPixel() reads 0x");
                tft.println(pixel, HEX);
            }
            delay(5000);
        }
    }
    printmsg(msglin, "INVERT DISPLAY ");
    tft.invertDisplay(true);
    delay(2000);
    tft.invertDisplay(false);
}

typedef struct {
    PGM_P msg;
    uint32_t ms;
} TEST;
TEST result[12];

#define RUNTEST(n, str, test) { result[n].msg = PSTR(str); result[n].ms = test; delay(500); }

void runtests(void)
{
    uint8_t i, len = 24, cnt;
    uint32_t total;
    RUNTEST(0, "FillScreen               ", testFillScreen());
    RUNTEST(1, "Text                     ", testText());
    RUNTEST(2, "Lines                    ", testLines(CYAN));
    RUNTEST(3, "Horiz/Vert Lines         ", testFastLines(RED, BLUE));
    RUNTEST(4, "Rectangles (outline)     ", testRects(GREEN));
    RUNTEST(5, "Rectangles (filled)      ", testFilledRects(YELLOW, MAGENTA));
    RUNTEST(6, "Circles (filled)         ", testFilledCircles(10, MAGENTA));
    RUNTEST(7, "Circles (outline)        ", testCircles(10, WHITE));
    RUNTEST(8, "Triangles (outline)      ", testTriangles());
    RUNTEST(9, "Triangles (filled)       ", testFilledTriangles());
    RUNTEST(10, "Rounded rects (outline)  ", testRoundRects());
    RUNTEST(11, "Rounded rects (filled)   ", testFilledRoundRects());

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    tft.setTextColor(GREEN);
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    uint16_t wid = tft.width();
    if (wid > 176) {
        tft.setTextSize(2);
#if defined(MCUFRIEND_KBV_H_)
        tft.print("MCUFRIEND ");
#if MCUFRIEND_KBV_H_ != 0
        tft.print(0.01 * MCUFRIEND_KBV_H_, 2);
#else
        tft.print("for");
#endif
        tft.println(" UNO");
#else
        tft.println("Adafruit-Style Tests");
#endif
    } else len = wid / 6 - 8;
    tft.setTextSize(1);
    total = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
        PGM_P str = result[i].msg;
        char c;
        if (len > 24) {
            if (i < 10) tft.print(" ");
            tft.print(i);
            tft.print(": ");
        }
        uint8_t cnt = len;
        while ((c = pgm_read_byte(str++)) && cnt--) tft.print(c);
        tft.print(" ");
        tft.println(result[i].ms);
        total += result[i].ms;
    }
    tft.setTextSize(2);
    tft.print("Total:");
    tft.print(0.000001 * total);
    tft.println("sec");
    g_identifier = tft.readID();
    tft.print("ID: 0x");
    tft.println(tft.readID(), HEX);
//    tft.print("Reg(00):0x");
//    tft.println(tft.readReg(0x00), HEX);
    tft.print("F_CPU:");
    tft.print(0.000001 * F_CPU);
#if defined(__OPTIMIZE_SIZE__)
    tft.println("MHz -Os");
#else
    tft.println("MHz");
#endif

    delay(10000);
}

// Standard Adafruit tests.  will adjust to screen size

unsigned long testFillScreen() {
    unsigned long start = micros();
    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    tft.fillScreen(RED);
    tft.fillScreen(GREEN);
    tft.fillScreen(BLUE);
    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testText() {
    unsigned long start;
    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    start = micros();
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    tft.setTextColor(WHITE);  tft.setTextSize(1);
    tft.println("Hello World!");
    tft.setTextColor(YELLOW); tft.setTextSize(2);
    tft.println(123.45);
    tft.setTextColor(RED);    tft.setTextSize(3);
    tft.println(0xDEADBEEF, HEX);
    tft.println();
    tft.setTextColor(GREEN);
    tft.setTextSize(5);
    tft.println("Groop");
    tft.setTextSize(2);
    tft.println("I implore thee,");
    tft.setTextSize(1);
    tft.println("my foonting turlingdromes.");
    tft.println("And hooptiously drangle me");
    tft.println("with crinkly bindlewurdles,");
    tft.println("Or I will rend thee");
    tft.println("in the gobberwarts");
    tft.println("with my blurglecruncheon,");
    tft.println("see if I don't!");
    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testLines(uint16_t color) {
    unsigned long start, t;
    int           x1, y1, x2, y2,
                  w = tft.width(),
                  h = tft.height();

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

    x1 = y1 = 0;
    y2    = h - 1;
    start = micros();
    for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    x2    = w - 1;
    for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    t     = micros() - start; // fillScreen doesn't count against timing

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

    x1    = w - 1;
    y1    = 0;
    y2    = h - 1;
    start = micros();
    for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    x2    = 0;
    for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    t    += micros() - start;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

    x1    = 0;
    y1    = h - 1;
    y2    = 0;
    start = micros();
    for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    x2    = w - 1;
    for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    t    += micros() - start;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

    x1    = w - 1;
    y1    = h - 1;
    y2    = 0;
    start = micros();
    for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
    x2    = 0;
    for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFastLines(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2) {
    unsigned long start;
    int           x, y, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height();

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    start = micros();
    for (y = 0; y < h; y += 5) tft.drawFastHLine(0, y, w, color1);
    for (x = 0; x < w; x += 5) tft.drawFastVLine(x, 0, h, color2);

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testRects(uint16_t color) {
    unsigned long start;
    int           n, i, i2,
                  cx = tft.width()  / 2,
                  cy = tft.height() / 2;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    n     = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
    start = micros();
    for (i = 2; i < n; i += 6) {
        i2 = i / 2;
        tft.drawRect(cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, color);
    }

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFilledRects(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2) {
    unsigned long start, t = 0;
    int           n, i, i2,
                  cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                  cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    n = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
    for (i = n; i > 0; i -= 6) {
        i2    = i / 2;
        start = micros();
        tft.fillRect(cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, color1);
        t    += micros() - start;
        // Outlines are not included in timing results
        tft.drawRect(cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, color2);
    }

    return t;
}

unsigned long testFilledCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color) {
    unsigned long start;
    int x, y, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height(), r2 = radius * 2;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    start = micros();
    for (x = radius; x < w; x += r2) {
        for (y = radius; y < h; y += r2) {
            tft.fillCircle(x, y, radius, color);
        }
    }

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color) {
    unsigned long start;
    int           x, y, r2 = radius * 2,
                        w = tft.width()  + radius,
                        h = tft.height() + radius;

    // Screen is not cleared for this one -- this is
    // intentional and does not affect the reported time.
    start = micros();
    for (x = 0; x < w; x += r2) {
        for (y = 0; y < h; y += r2) {
            tft.drawCircle(x, y, radius, color);
        }
    }

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testTriangles() {
    unsigned long start;
    int           n, i, cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                        cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    n     = min(cx, cy);
    start = micros();
    for (i = 0; i < n; i += 5) {
        tft.drawTriangle(
            cx    , cy - i, // peak
            cx - i, cy + i, // bottom left
            cx + i, cy + i, // bottom right
            tft.color565(0, 0, i));
    }

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFilledTriangles() {
    unsigned long start, t = 0;
    int           i, cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                     cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    start = micros();
    for (i = min(cx, cy); i > 10; i -= 5) {
        start = micros();
        tft.fillTriangle(cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
                         tft.color565(0, i, i));
        t += micros() - start;
        tft.drawTriangle(cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
                         tft.color565(i, i, 0));
    }

    return t;
}

unsigned long testRoundRects() {
    unsigned long start;
    int           w, i, i2, red, step,
                  cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                  cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    w     = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
    start = micros();
    red = 0;
    step = (256 * 6) / w;
    for (i = 0; i < w; i += 6) {
        i2 = i / 2;
        red += step;
        tft.drawRoundRect(cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, i / 8, tft.color565(red, 0, 0));
    }

    return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFilledRoundRects() {
    unsigned long start;
    int           i, i2, green, step,
                  cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                  cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    start = micros();
    green = 256;
    step = (256 * 6) / min(tft.width(), tft.height());
    for (i = min(tft.width(), tft.height()); i > 20; i -= 6) {
        i2 = i / 2;
        green -= step;
        tft.fillRoundRect(cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, i / 8, tft.color565(0, green, 0));
    }

    return micros() - start;
}

Credits

Matha Goram

Matha Goram

27 projects • 22 followers
Working with discrete electronic components for a very long time but still suffering from the occasional dry soldering results.
Thanks to David Prentice.

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