ATmega prototype board

The board

This page describes a prototype board for the Atmel Mega644 or Mega32 (PDIP) MCU. It includes a power supply, crystal clock, and generous bypass capacitors. A six-pin header allows flash memory programming from an STK500 or AVRISPmkII. All port pins are brought out to a single row of vias on 0.1 inch centers. A single 34 connection, SIP header plug could be used to attach ths row to another board or to a solderless breadboard. All 32 port pins, plus Vcc, and ground, are available. A separate interface is provided for serial communication.

Board Version 12 for 2012 The board layouts are shown below. The design for next revision (v13-2013): main board, usb board, serial board.
The ExpressPCB design files above require a free software download to modify or to order directly from expressPCB.
Note that the schematic includes both the serial and USB interfaces, but you would never use more than one at a time.

The main board.
The four-pin header to the right of the board matches either the serial or USB board below (and in the future a radio board).
The board is 0.3 inches shorter than the last model because header pins for Aref and VccUSB were deleted along with the solder pads for the
TSSOP USB chip. Instructions for building the board are below.

The USB and serial boards. Build ONE of these ONLY IF you need serial communication. Instructions for building the boards are below.
Note that VccUSB is brought out to a pin on the board, but DOES NOT connect to Vcc on the main board.
When using the serial-USB connection:

1. You must turn off the microcontroller, then:
2. Plug in the usb cable. The PC should recognize a USB serial connection.
3. Then: turn on the microcontroller.

The UART to USB board:

The UART to serial board:

The populated boards showing the headers (on the bottom) which attach the boards to the main cpu board.
A top view of the boards is below.

Use in projects

http://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/

Building the board

Version 12 Construction suggestions:

Study the photo below before you build. There are more photos of very similar (but older) boards near the end of the page.
Generally mount the thinnest components first because the tall components get in the way of soldering flat components.

1. Solder all capacitors and resistors on the board.
   See Hints and Tips for prototyping with Surface Mount Devices. Also good is SMT101.
   Note that there is one 1.0 uf capacitor (below the regulator) and two 22pf capacitors below the crystal. The rest are 0.1 uf.
2. Add the headers for TX, RX, LED, Vcc-Vtg, and programming.
   For the progamming header, use one two-row header, not two single-row headers.
3. Add the regulator, power switch and power plug and diode.
   1. If you are going to hardwire a battery to the board, then don't mount the power plug.
   2. You could add a remote power switch, rather than mount one on the board.
   3. The power switch should lay flat, it should not be on edge (see photos).

4. Test the power supply before you go any further! Vcc should be 5 volts +/-0.05 volts.
   Note that this board (unlike the STK500) requires 9-12 volts, DC, with positive on the power connector center pin. This year's version puts a 1N40001 diode between the positive power input and the switch. The diode ensures that the system is not destroyed by reverse polarity (but it does not work).
5. Add the MCU socket. Always use a socket for the MCU.
6. Add the 16 MHz (or 20 MHz) crystal.
7. You can add an (optional) reset button by connecting a normally-open pushbutton between the two small vias to the right of the programming header.
   When you close the pushbutton, you short the RESET pin to ground.
8. I strongly suggest adding the LED and jumper for debugging. Toggling port pin D.2 will flash the LED to let you know that the MCU is running.
   1. For a Mega644 with serial or USB adaptor, this GCC program (and uart.c and uart.h) will test the system by blinking the LED, sending numbers to the terminal and accepting single keystrokes from the terminal.
   2. For the Mega644, with just the LED is on the board, then this GCC program (project zip) will test the system by blinking the LED.
   3. For the Mega32, if the LED is on the board, then either this GCC program or this Codevision program will test the system.

9. If you need serial communication then you can use either USB or RS232 interfaces.
   1. USB: Solder the FT232RL TSSOP part to the board ONLY if you need serial communication via USB.
      I think the best way to do this is:
      1. wipe the solder lands with a flux pen.
      2. place the TSSOP part on the lands and tack the end leads with a soldering iron, but using no excess solder.
      3. use a soldering iron to melt the tin on the solder lands onto the leads, using now new solder.
      4. check the connection by gently wiggling each lead and/or test for continuity with an ohm meter.
      5. fix any unsoldered leads by touching with a soldering iron.
      6. use water or isopropyl alcohol to wash the flux off the board (optional).
      7. Add the 1K resistors and capacitor.
      8. Add the USB type B socket. NOTE: apply electrical tape to the metal bottom of the socket to avoid shorting two traces.
      9. When using the serial-USB connection:
         1. you must turn off the microcontroller
         2. plug in the usb cable
         3. then turn on the microcontroller.
         4. Note that VccUSB is brought out to a pin on the board (top-right), but should notconnect to Vcc on the main board.

      A
   2. RS232: If you want to use RS232 use the following small board.
      The small RS232 board requires a 1uf capacitor, a MAX233 and a DB-9 connector.
      Always use a socket for the MAX233.
      

Setting Aref The A/D converter reference voltage, Aref, can be set (Bits 7:6, REFS1:REFS0 of ADMUX) to 5.00, 2.56, or 1.1 volts.
You do not need to connect the Aref pin externally, unless you want to use some custom reference voltage.

REFS1 REFS0 Voltage Reference selection
0
0
Requires an external voltage (1<Vref<Vcc) applied to AREF pin (not used on proto board)
0
1
Internal reference Vref = Vcc (with external bypass capacitor supplied on proto board)
1
0
Internal reference Vref = 1.1±0.1 volts (with external bypass capacitor supplied on proto board)
1
1
Internal reference Vref = 2.56±0.2 volts (with external bypass capacitor supplied on proto board)

Programming the board You can flash the microcontroller using a AVRISPmkII programmer also as shown below.
You will need to mount the Vcc-Vtg jumper.
Test the MCU programming and execution by blinking the LED.
When attaching devices to the MCU, remember that port pins B.5, B.6 and B.7 are used by the programmer.
If you drive these pins from an external source (such as the LCD display), the chip will not program!

You can flash the chip from the STK500 as shown in the picture below.
You will need to unmount the Vcc-Vtg jumper.
When attaching devices to the MCU, remember that port pins B.5, B.6 and B.7 are used by the programmer. If you drive these pins from an external source (such as the LCD display), the chip will not program!