Google Chrome Dinosaur Game on 16x2 LCD Shield

#include <avr/io.h>
#define  F_CPU 16000000UL //Our CPU speed (16MHz)
#include <util/delay.h> //Libraries for delay and interrupt utilities
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#define command 0 //explained in dispSend() function
#define write 1

uint8_t upperBuff[16] , downerBuff[16], overMsgUpper[] = "Score: ", overMsgDowner[] = "Best: ", scoremsg[] = "Score:" , din[] = {0x0E, 0x17, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x1A, 0x12}, cact[] = {0x04, 0x05, 0x15, 0x15, 0x16, 0x0C, 0x04, 0x04};
        //Buffers for line one and two. Message to display after lost game.                     //Score text during game. //Dinosaur and cactus bitmaps
uint8_t canup = 1, longhold = 0, distance = 6, speed = 200, isup = 0, dontprint = 0; //All of these are explained further
uint16_t aVal = 0, score = 1, bestscore = 0;
int i;

void dispInit();
void dispWrite(uint8_t bits);
void dispSend(uint8_t bits, uint8_t act);
void dispSetLine(uint8_t line);
void dispClear();
void dispHome();
void dispPrintChar(uint8_t chr[], uint8_t size);
uint16_t aRead();

int main(void)
{
	for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) downerBuff[i] = ' '; //Initialize upper and downward buffer
	for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) upperBuff[i] = ' ';
	
	dispInit(); //Initialize the display
	
	TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12) | (1 << CS11); //Set Timer1 to compare to OCR1A and prescaler of 8
	OCR1AH = (500 >> 8); //This equals to 2000Hz or 500us timing, look for TIMER1_COMPA_vect down below
	OCR1AL = 500;
	TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A); //Enable Timer1 CompA ISR
	sei(); //Enable global interrupt

	
	ADMUX = (1 << REFS0); //Set AREF to VCC
	ADCSRA = (1 << ADPS2) | (1 << ADPS1) | (1 << ADPS0) | (1 << ADEN); //set ADC prescaler to 128 and enable ADC (defaulted to free running mode)
	
	while (1) {		
		
		ADMUX |= (1 << MUX2) | (1 << MUX0); //Set pin from ADMUX to ADC5 (floating)
		srand(aRead()); //Use it as a random seed
		ADMUX &= ~(1 << MUX2) & ~(1 << MUX0); //Revert back to ADC0 to read the button value

		if(aRead() > 900) longhold = 0; //Reads if Up button has been released to prevent cheating. The value is so low because if you hold your fingers beneath one of the buttons the voltage would drop, this prevents the dinosaur from locking up

		for(i = 0; i < 16; i++) downerBuff[i] = downerBuff[i + 1]; //Shifts everything in downward buffer by one place to the left
		 if((rand() % 100) > (rand() % 100) && !dontprint){ //This portion decides if it should put a cactus or a blank spot, dontprint is used to prevent cactus grouping
		  downerBuff[15] = 0x01; //0x01 represents the cactus (we added cactus and dinosaur to CGRAM when we initialized the display)
		  dontprint = 1; //This part acts both as a boolean and a counter to ensure cactus separation
		 }
		 else downerBuff[15] = ' ';
		 char lastchar = downerBuff[3]; //We remember the whats initially added to the downward buffer before replacing it with the dinosaur
		 if(!isup){ //If din should be placed down
			downerBuff[3] = 0x00; //Place it down
			dispSetLine(2);
			dispPrintChar(downerBuff, sizeof(downerBuff)); //Draw it
			downerBuff[3] = lastchar; //Place back previous thing to the buffer
			canup = 1;  //This flag is used to disable dinosaur from getting up before it was drawn down, in this case he can go up
		} else { //If din should be placed up
			upperBuff[3] = 0x00; //Place it up in upper buff
			dispSetLine(1);
			dispPrintChar(upperBuff, sizeof(upperBuff));
			dispSetLine(2);
			dispPrintChar(downerBuff, sizeof(downerBuff)); //Draw it
			canup = 0; //In this case he wont go up until rendered on line 2
		}

		if(dontprint) dontprint++;
		if(dontprint > distance) dontprint = 0; //This is the part that ensures cactus separation, it will keep the cactus 3-5 spaces apart minimally (depends on the game progress)
		
		if(isup) isup++; //This part makes sure din is on upper side for 3 loops after he was initially drawn there
		if(isup > 4){
		 upperBuff[3] = ' ';
		 dispSetLine(1);
		 dispPrintChar(upperBuff, sizeof(upperBuff));
		 isup = 0;
		}
		for(i = 0; i < sizeof(scoremsg); i++) upperBuff[i + 5] = scoremsg[i]; //This part prints the current score during the game
		uint8_t cnt = 11;
		for(i = 10000; i > 0; i /= 10){
			upperBuff[cnt] = ((score / i) % 10) + '0';
			cnt++;
			dispSetLine(1);
			dispPrintChar(upperBuff, sizeof(upperBuff));
		}

		score++; //Increment the score once on loop
		if(score > bestscore) bestscore = score; //Remember best score
		
		if(lastchar == 0x01 && !isup){ //Check if the dinosaur is downward and hit a cactus
			dispClear(); //Clear the display and buffers
			for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) downerBuff[i] = ' ';
			for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) upperBuff[i] = ' ';
			uint8_t cnt;
			
			dispSetLine(1);
			for(i = 0; i < sizeof(overMsgUpper); i++) upperBuff[i] = overMsgUpper[i]; //Display worst and best score
			cnt = sizeof(overMsgUpper) - 1;
			for(i = 10000; i > 0; i /= 10){
				upperBuff[cnt] = ((score / i) % 10) + '0';
				cnt++;
			}
			dispPrintChar(upperBuff, sizeof(upperBuff));
			
			dispSetLine(2);
			for(i = 0; i < sizeof(overMsgDowner); i++) downerBuff[i] = overMsgDowner[i];
			cnt = sizeof(overMsgDowner) - 1;
			for(i = 10000; i > 0; i /= 10){
				downerBuff[cnt] = ((bestscore / i) % 10) + '0';
				cnt++;
			}
			dispPrintChar(downerBuff, sizeof(downerBuff));
			
			while(1){ //Wait for select button to be pressed
				aVal = aRead();
				if(aVal > 635 && aVal < 645){ //After that clear all the variables
					for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) downerBuff[i] = ' ';
					dispSetLine(1);
					dispPrintChar(downerBuff, sizeof(downerBuff));
					for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) upperBuff[i] = ' ';
					dispSetLine(2);
					dispPrintChar(upperBuff, sizeof(upperBuff));
					dontprint = 0;
					isup = 0;
					score = 1;
					speed = 200;
					longhold = 0;
					distance = 6;
					canup = 1;
					break;
			       }
			}
			
		}
        if(score % 5 == 0) speed -=2; //If score is divisible by 5 make game faster by -2ms
		if(speed < 85) speed = 85; //Minimal time in ms (+ ~2ms) that the loop will be halted for (limited by display refreshing, in my testing 11.8Hz was readable enough to be playable)
		if(score % 175 == 0) distance--; //Every time you score a number divisible by 175 minimal cactus distance gets smaller
		if(distance < 4) distance = 4;
		for(i = 0; i < speed; i++) _delay_ms(1); //This is the only way as the compiler expects a const number here
	}
}

void dispInit(){
	_delay_ms(50); //Just in case
	DDRD = 0b11110000; //Set these pins to output. PD4 - PD7 correspond to D4 - D7 on display, we need to configure it to run in 4 bit mode
	DDRB = 0b00000011; //PB0 is tied to RS and PB1 to EN
	dispWrite(0x30);//*This part here is explained in Hitachi HD44780 datasheet on how to initialize the display in 4bit mode
	_delay_us(4500);//*Essentially you send the reset signal 3 times, and then set it to 4 bit mode
	dispWrite(0x30);//*
	_delay_us(4500);//*
	dispWrite(0x30);//*
	_delay_us(4500);//*
	dispWrite(0x28);//*
	dispSend(0x28, command); //Send 4bit mode function set
	dispSend(0x08, command); //Turn the display off
	dispSend(0x01, command); //Clear its RAM (if MCU resets that doesn't mean the display was reset, so we clear everything)
    _delay_ms(50);
	dispSend(0x0C, command); //Turn the display on
	_delay_ms(5);
	dispSend(0x40, command); //Tell the display we want to enter a custom character to its CGRAM (on address 0x00)
	for(i=0; i<8; i++) dispSend(din[i], write);
	dispSend(0x80, command); //Transaction end
	dispSend(0x48, command); //Same thing, but for 0x01
	for(i=0; i<8; i++) dispSend(cact[i], write);
	dispSend(0x80, command);
}

void dispPrintChar(uint8_t chr[], uint8_t size){
	for(uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) dispSend(chr[i], write); //Self explanatory 
}

void dispSetLine(uint8_t line){
	if(line == 2) dispSend(0xC0, command); //Sets the line where 0xC0 is line 2 and 0x80 is line 1
	else dispSend(0x80, command);
}

void dispClear(){
	dispSend(0x01, command); //Self explanatory 
	_delay_ms(2); //This command takes longer for the IC to process, this delay is necessary
}

void dispHome(){ //This function isn't used in this application but its there for expandability, it places the cursor on the line 1 column 1
	dispSend(0x02, command); //Self explanatory 
	_delay_ms(2);
}

void dispSend(uint8_t bits, uint8_t act){
	if(act) PORTB |= (1 << DDB0); //Set PB0 if we are writing a character, else pull it low
	else PORTB &= ~(1<<DDB0);
	dispWrite(bits); //Send the bit then shift them 4 bit to the left to work in displays 4bit mode
	dispWrite(bits << 4);
	_delay_us(80);
}

void dispWrite(uint8_t bits){
	PORTD = bits; //This is a dirty way to write it but it's perfect for this application as it's not bulky and PORTD isn't used for anything else anyway
	PORTB |= (1<<DDB1); //Pulse the PB1 to signal the IC to read the data
	_delay_us(1);
	PORTB &= ~(1<<DDB1);
	_delay_us(1);
}

uint16_t aRead(){
	ADCSRA |= (1 << ADSC); //This signal the avr to read the ADC value
	while  (ADCSRA & (1 << ADSC)); //Wait until it's finished
	return ADCL | (ADCH << 8); //Send it back stitched together
}

ISR (TIMER1_COMPA_vect){ //Timer ISR we set up earlier
	if(!longhold){ //Return if the Up button was still held
		aVal = aRead(); //Read from ADC0
		if(aVal > 95 && aVal < 104 && canup){ //Check if Up is pressed and that din was rendered down
		 isup = 1;
		 longhold++;
		 }
		}
}