Sudhir KshirsagarSteve Mylroie
Created February 4, 2019

Smart Sensing on the NXP Rapid IoT Kit (ARM NN at the Edge)

Makes your sensor edge node smarter by integrating machine learning Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) feature for time series anomaly detection.

101

Things used in this project

Story

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Schematics

Rapid IoT kit in the docking station

Used the MCUxpresso IDE to debug the code on the Rapid IoT kit that was mounted on Hexiwear Docking Station.

Demo video

Show the hardware and software in action

Code

GRU implementation using ARM CMSIS-NN

C/C++
This is gated recurrent unit (GRU) implementation based on the sample code provided by ARM.
/*
 * Copyright 2016-2018 NXP Semiconductor, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * o Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list
 *   of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * o Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
 *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
 *   other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * o Neither the name of NXP Semiconductor, Inc. nor the names of its
 *   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *   software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
 * ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
 
/**
 * @file    MK64FN1M0xxx12_A.c
 * @brief   Application entry point.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include "board.h"
#include "peripherals.h"
#include "pin_mux.h"
#include "clock_config.h"
#include "MK64F12.h"
#include "fsl_debug_console.h"


/**
 * @defgroup GRUExample Gated Recurrent Unit Example
 *
 * \par Description:
 * \par
 * Demonstrates a gated recurrent unit (GRU) example with the use of fully-connected,
 * Tanh/Sigmoid activation functions.
 *
 * \par Model definition:
 * \par
 * GRU is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN). It contains two sigmoid gates and one hidden
 * state.
 * \par
 * The computation can be summarized as:
 * <pre>z[t] = sigmoid( W_z &sdot; {h[t-1],x[t]} )
 * r[t] = sigmoid( W_r &sdot; {h[t-1],x[t]} )
 * n[t] = tanh( W_n &sdot; [r[t] &times; {h[t-1], x[t]} )
 * h[t] = (1 - z[t]) &times; h[t-1] + z[t] &times; n[t] </pre>
 * \image html GRU.gif "Gate Recurrent Unit Diagram"
 *
 * \par Variables Description:
 * \par
 * \li \c update_gate_weights, \c reset_gate_weights, \c hidden_state_weights are weights corresponding to update gate (W_z), reset gate (W_r), and hidden state (W_n).
 * \li \c update_gate_bias, \c reset_gate_bias, \c hidden_state_bias are layer bias arrays
 * \li \c test_input1, \c test_input2, \c test_history are the inputs and initial history
 *
 * \par
 * The buffer is allocated as:
 * \par
 * | reset | input | history | update | hidden_state |
 * \par
 * In this way, the concatination is automatically done since (reset, input) and (input, history)
 * are physically concatinated in memory.
 * \par
 *  The ordering of the weight matrix should be adjusted accordingly.
 *
  *
 *
 * \par CMSIS DSP Software Library Functions Used:
 * \par
 * - arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15_opt()
 * - arm_nn_activations_direct_q15()
 * - arm_mult_q15()
 * - arm_offset_q15()
 * - arm_sub_q15()
 * - arm_copy_q15()
 *
 * <b> Refer  </b>
 * \link arm_nnexamples_gru.cpp \endlink
 *
 */
/* TODO: insert other include files here. */
#include <math.h>
#include <MK64FN1M0xxx12_A.h>
//#include <arm_nnexamples_gru_test_data.h>
#include "arm_math.h"
#include "arm_nnfunctions.h"
/* TODO: insert other definitions and declarations here. */
#ifdef _RTE_
#include "RTE_Components.h"
#ifdef RTE_Compiler_EventRecorder
#include "EventRecorder.h"
#endif
#endif

//#define DIM_HISTORY 32
#define DIM_HISTORY 8
//#define DIM_INPUT 32
#define DIM_INPUT 8
//#define DIM_VEC 64
#define DIM_VEC 16
//#define DIM_DENSE 32
#define DIM_DENSE 8


#define USE_X4

#ifndef USE_X4
static q7_t update_gate_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = UPDATE_GATE_WEIGHT_X2;
static q7_t reset_gate_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = RESET_GATE_WEIGHT_X2;
static q7_t hidden_state_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = HIDDEN_STATE_WEIGHT_X2;
#else
/*
static q7_t update_gate_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = UPDATE_GATE_WEIGHT_X4;
static q7_t reset_gate_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = RESET_GATE_WEIGHT_X4;
static q7_t hidden_state_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = HIDDEN_STATE_WEIGHT_X4;
*/
static q15_t update_gate_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = UPDATE_GATE_WEIGHT_X4;
static q15_t reset_gate_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = RESET_GATE_WEIGHT_X4;
static q15_t hidden_state_weights[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY] = HIDDEN_STATE_WEIGHT_X4;
static q15_t dense_layer_weights[DIM_DENSE] = DENSE_LAYER_WEIGHT_X4;
#endif
static float32_t update_gate_weights_f[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY];
static float32_t reset_gate_weights_f[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY];
static float32_t hidden_state_weights_f[DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY];
static float32_t dense_layer_weights_f[DIM_DENSE];
/*
static q7_t update_gate_bias[DIM_HISTORY] = UPDATE_GATE_BIAS;
static q7_t reset_gate_bias[DIM_HISTORY] = RESET_GATE_BIAS;
static q7_t hidden_state_bias[DIM_HISTORY] = HIDDEN_STATE_BIAS;
*/
static q15_t update_gate_bias[DIM_HISTORY] = UPDATE_GATE_BIAS;
static q15_t reset_gate_bias[DIM_HISTORY] = RESET_GATE_BIAS;
static q15_t hidden_state_bias[DIM_HISTORY] = HIDDEN_STATE_BIAS;

static q15_t test_input1[DIM_INPUT] = INPUT_DATA1;
//static q15_t test_input2[DIM_INPUT] = INPUT_DATA2;
static q15_t test_history[DIM_HISTORY] = HISTORY_DATA;

q15_t     scratch_buffer[DIM_HISTORY * 4 + DIM_INPUT];
float32_t scratch_buffer_f[DIM_HISTORY * 4 + DIM_INPUT];

static q15_t unity[DIM_DENSE]= UNITY_X4;

/*
void gru_example(q15_t * scratch_input, uint16_t input_size, uint16_t history_size,
                 q7_t * weights_update, q7_t * weights_reset, q7_t * weights_hidden_state,
                 q7_t * bias_update, q7_t * bias_reset, q7_t * bias_hidden_state)
*/
q63_t gru_example(q15_t * scratch_input, uint16_t input_size, uint16_t history_size,
                 q15_t * weights_update, q15_t * weights_reset, q15_t * weights_hidden_state,
                 q15_t * bias_update, q15_t * bias_reset, q15_t * bias_hidden_state)
{
  q15_t    *reset = scratch_input;
  q15_t    *input = scratch_input + history_size;
  q15_t    *history = scratch_input + history_size + input_size;
  q15_t    *update = scratch_input + 2 * history_size + input_size;
  q15_t    *hidden_state = scratch_input + 3 * history_size + input_size;
  q63_t    out63;
  q31_t    out31;
  // reset gate calculation
  // the range of the output can be adjusted with bias_shift and output_shift
#ifndef USE_X4
  arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15(input, weights_reset, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15, bias_reset,
                                     reset, NULL);
#else
/*
  arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15_opt(input, weights_reset, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                         bias_reset, reset, NULL);
*/
  arm_fully_connected_q15_opt(input, weights_reset, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                         bias_reset, reset, NULL);
#endif
  // sigmoid function, the size of the integer bit-width should be consistent with out_shift
  arm_nn_activations_direct_q15(reset, history_size, 0, ARM_SIGMOID);
  arm_mult_q15(history, reset, reset, history_size);

  // update gate calculation
  // the range of the output can be adjusted with bias_shift and output_shift
#ifndef USE_X4
  arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15(input, weights_update, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                     bias_update, update, NULL);
#else
/*
  arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15_opt(input, weights_update, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                         bias_update, update, NULL);
*/
  arm_fully_connected_q15_opt(input, weights_update, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                         bias_update, update, NULL);
#endif

  // sigmoid function, the size of the integer bit-width should be consistent with out_shift
  arm_nn_activations_direct_q15(update, history_size, 0, ARM_SIGMOID);

  // hidden state calculation
#ifndef USE_X4
  arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15(reset, weights_hidden_state, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                     bias_hidden_state, hidden_state, NULL);
#else
/*
  arm_fully_connected_mat_q7_vec_q15_opt(reset, weights_hidden_state, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                         bias_hidden_state, hidden_state, NULL);
*/
  arm_fully_connected_q15_opt(reset, weights_hidden_state, input_size + history_size, history_size, 0, 15,
                                         bias_hidden_state, hidden_state, NULL);
  #endif

  // tanh function, the size of the integer bit-width should be consistent with out_shift
  arm_nn_activations_direct_q15(hidden_state, history_size, 0, ARM_TANH);
//  arm_mult_q15(update, hidden_state, hidden_state, history_size);

  // we calculate z - 1 here
  // so final addition becomes substraction
/*
  arm_offset_q15(update, 0x8000, update, history_size);
  // multiply history
  arm_mult_q15(history, update, update, history_size);
  // calculate history_out
  arm_sub_q15(hidden_state, update, history, history_size);
*/
  // multiply history
  arm_mult_q15(history, update, reset, history_size);
  arm_offset_q15(update, 0x8000, update, history_size);
  arm_mult_q15(update, hidden_state, hidden_state, history_size);
  arm_sub_q15(reset,hidden_state, history, history_size);
  arm_mult_q15(history,dense_layer_weights,reset,history_size);
  out63=0;
  arm_dot_prod_q15(reset,unity,(uint32_t) history_size,&out63);
  out31=clip_q63_to_q31(out63);
  arm_q15_to_float(scratch_buffer,scratch_buffer_f,DIM_HISTORY * 4 + DIM_INPUT);
  out31+= DENSE_BIAS;
  return out31;
}

int j;
float32_t v[1];

/*
 * @brief   Application entry point.
 */

int main(void) {

  	/* Init board hardware. */
    BOARD_InitBootPins();
    BOARD_InitBootClocks();
    BOARD_InitBootPeripherals();
  	/* Init FSL debug console. */
    BOARD_InitDebugConsole();

    PRINTF("Hello World\n");

	#ifdef RTE_Compiler_EventRecorder
	EventRecorderInitialize (EventRecordAll, 1);  // initialize and start Event Recorder
	#endif

	printf("Start GRU execution\n");
	int       input_size = DIM_INPUT;
	int       history_size = DIM_HISTORY;
	q31_t gruout31[1];
	float32_t fgruout[1];
	float32_t pred;
	// copy over the input data
	arm_copy_q15(test_input1, scratch_buffer + history_size, input_size);
	arm_copy_q15(test_history, scratch_buffer + history_size + input_size, history_size);
/*
	foo= gru_example(scratch_buffer, input_size, history_size,
				update_gate_weights, reset_gate_weights, hidden_state_weights,
				update_gate_bias, reset_gate_bias, hidden_state_bias);
	printf("Complete first iteration on GRU\n");

	arm_copy_q15(test_input2, scratch_buffer + history_size, input_size);
	foo= gru_example(scratch_buffer, input_size, history_size,
				update_gate_weights, reset_gate_weights, hidden_state_weights,
				update_gate_bias, reset_gate_bias, hidden_state_bias);
	printf("Complete second iteration on GRU\n");
*/
    /* Force the counter to be placed into memory. */
    volatile static int i = 0 ;
    /* Enter an infinite loop, just incrementing a counter. */
    arm_q15_to_float(update_gate_weights,update_gate_weights_f,DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY);
    arm_q15_to_float(reset_gate_weights,reset_gate_weights_f,DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY);
    arm_q15_to_float(hidden_state_weights,hidden_state_weights_f,DIM_VEC * DIM_HISTORY);
    arm_q15_to_float(dense_layer_weights,dense_layer_weights_f,DIM_DENSE);
    while(1) {
    	gruout31[0]= gru_example(scratch_buffer, input_size, history_size,
    				update_gate_weights, reset_gate_weights, hidden_state_weights,
    				update_gate_bias, reset_gate_bias, hidden_state_bias);
    	arm_q31_to_float(gruout31,fgruout,1);
    	printf("%d\n",(int32_t) (fgruout[0]*1000.0));
//    	printf("Completed another iteration on GRU\n");
    	for (j=7;j>0;j--)
    	{
    		test_input1[j]=test_input1[j-1];
    	}
    	v[0]=sin(2*3.14159*i/8);
    	arm_float_to_q15(v,test_input1,1);
    	arm_copy_q15(test_input1, scratch_buffer + history_size, input_size);
        i++ ;
    }
    return 0 ;
}

Credits

Sudhir Kshirsagar

Sudhir Kshirsagar

6 projects • 2 followers
Steve Mylroie

Steve Mylroie

0 projects • 0 followers

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