Published August 5, 2019 © CC BY-SA

Mother and Child - DFRobot Bluno Beetle

A pair of Bluetooth connected flower brooches sends alert to mother when the child is out of proximity. When close by, both light up.

IntermediateFull instructions provided24 hours3,013

Things used in this project

Hardware components

DFRobot Beetle - The Smallest Arduino

Brown Dog Gadgets Solar Cockroach Vibrating Disc Motor

SparkFun LilyPad Rainbow LED (6 Colors)

SparkFun LilyPad Coin Cell Battery Holder - Switched - 20mm

Coin Cell Battery CR2032

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

Solder Wire, Lead Free

Story

I like exploring human-human interactions through technology. You may remember my earlier Bluetooth-pairing project to encourage strangers to interact in friendly ways. This project aims to help mothers keep their children by their side.

Play with sound on

My mother told me a story about a time I played a prank on her. I was 3 years old. She took me out shopping. While she was browsing some clothes, I disappeared. She was devastated. She looked for me everywhere and had the store broadcast my name. It might have been a couple of hours of searching in vain until she noticed a pair of tiny feet underneath a giant coat on a mannequin - I was hiding inside the coat the whole time, sweating and giggling. It was funny for me but a nightmare for my mom.

There are always stories about kids go missing due to various reasons. Parents shouldn't be overprotective but in public areas they need to keep kids in sight. Tracking devices exist. But can we create some interactive behaviors that can be more effective?

I had this idea for a long time (over a year? Two years?), finally got some time to implement it. It's a result of various inspirations coming together.

1. Demographic preferences

I was wearing a dress with removable light patches when I went out with some friends and their daughter. The lights turn on when you shake them. The daughter was fascinated. She liked to take them off from my dress, put them on her clothes, and constantly shake the patches to keep the lights on.

So I thought for this project a brooch for the kid, that only lights up when they are close to their mother.

For the mother, she'll like something decorative but subtle. She'll want to know if the pairing is working and get notified before the child goes too far. I thought ~2 meter would be a good distance in public space. Therefore, her brooch should light up to indicate that the device is on, both brooches light up when pairing is successful. The best way to notify her would be to turn off the lights (which she won't immediately see) while starting a vibration mode (so she can immediately feel).

Meanwhile, when the kid sees their lights get turned off, they'll be upset and will try to get back to mommy.

2. Design

I had leftover fabrics from my Flowers dress. Thinking along the same line of making custom patterns according to the painting on the fabric, I carved out two flowers and sewed them into pockets.

It's these two particular flowers because these are the fabrics left for prototyping. If I were to productize them, I would use these two specific graphics.

1 / 2 • www.kittyyeung.com

3. Circuits

The schematics of the circuits and the code are uploaded at the bottom of the tutorial. Before we construct them, we need to always test the code and we can use simpler circuits. I used conductive tapes to connect the components on a piece of fabric. The Central Beetle board has three output pins used, D2, D3 and D4. When it's powered on, D2 turns on. When Peripheral gets paired close by, D2 turns off, D3 turns on. When Peripheral moves >2m away, D3 turns off, D4 turns on. The Peripheral board uses one pin, D5. When it's paired with Central, D5 turns on. When it is >2m separated from Central, D5 turns off.

1 / 4 • Upper: Peripheral; Lower: Central

At first I used only one 3.7 V battery per board. But Bluno Beetle uses 5V so I used the USB for testing and later added one more battery to each.

It would be nice to use the conductive tapes for the actual brooches since that'll make the circuits flexible and thin, but the connections are not very stable. I had to change to soldering. Decide where to place the components relative to the graphics. Then solder everything.

1 / 4

Sew the flowers into two pockets. Put the circuits inside. Also add safety pins to the pockets so they become wearable.

1 / 4

They work but seem to be quite power hungry. For the next generation, I should make custom PCBs and optimize the power consumption. I'm also thinking maybe just make PCB brooches directly into flower shapes. Let me know if you'd like to collaborate on this.

4. Code

Distance between Bluetooth devices is not directly measured. We use the intensity of the signal, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication), to infer the distance. There is an existing program by tiojoca on DFRobot Forum about using RSSI to determine if two Blunos are connected:

https://www.dfrobot.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=1368#p7188

I modified on their code to achieve the effects described above. Thanks to Pearl from DFRobot for helping debug and editing the code.

You need to use AT command to set up the two Bluno Beetle boards. You can start reading about Beetle boards here, which will direct you to how to use AT commands to defined Central and Peripheral boards and pairing them via "Wireless Programming via BLE". AT commands are input through Serial Monitor. You may also need to follow their instructions to update the firmware. Note do not use v1.9 firmware. Use v1.8 for this project.

For pairing, we also want to let Peripheral only pair with the specified Central board, in case there are more than one Bluetooth devices nearby, which will always be the case.

AT+MAC=?                    //query Central MAC address
AT+CMODE=UNIQUE            //tell Peripheral to pair with unique Central 
AT+BIND=0x0017ea9397e1  //make Peripheral pair with Central 
//MAC address in this case                               
//is 0x0017ea9397e1

In the code you will find that we use RSSI= - 70 when two boards are separated by ~2m apart. This is an empirical value. You can use AT command on either Central or Peripheral to find out what the case is for your boards and fine tune it.

AT+RSSI = ?

Everything works as expected but it's not optimized: the responses of the boards are a little slow and batteries use up quickly. Some improvements in both the code and hardware need to be made. Perhaps one day I'll make these into products and sell on my little shop. For now, enjoy the open-source DIY :)

www.kittyyeung.com

Code

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
//#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

//LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20,16,2);
SoftwareSerial mySerial(0, 1); // RX, TX

const int ledBLE1 = 2;
const int ledBLE2 = 3;
const int ledBLE3 = 4;
typedef enum {START, WAIT_AT, WAIT_RSSI, WAIT_EXIT, MODE_AT} state_type;

state_type state = MODE_AT;
char chr;
String buffer, rssi, data;
bool reading = false;
void mode_at();
void  wait_rssi();
void wait_exit();
void setup() {
   mySerial.begin(115200);
   Serial.begin(115200);      //Initiate the Serial comm
   pinMode(ledBLE1, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(ledBLE2, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(ledBLE3, OUTPUT);
   state = MODE_AT;
  // lcd.init();                      // initialize the lcd 
   //lcd.backlight();
  
 }

void loop() {
   if(state==MODE_AT){
   mySerial.println(1);
    mode_at();
     delay(3000);
  }else if(state == START) {
      delay(100);
      start();
  }else if(state == WAIT_AT) {
    delay(100);
    wait_at();}
  else if(state == WAIT_RSSI) {
    delay(100);
    wait_rssi();
  }else if (state == WAIT_EXIT) {
    wait_exit();
    delay(3000);
  }
}

void start() {
  delay(10);
  Serial.print("+++");
  state = WAIT_AT;
}

void wait_at() {
   while (Serial.available() > 0) {
      chr = Serial.read();
      if (chr == 'E') {
         reading = true;
         buffer = "";
      }
      if (chr == 'O'&&buffer!="ERR") {
         reading = true;
         buffer = "";
      }
      if (reading) {
         buffer += chr;
      }
      if (reading && buffer == "ERROR CMD\r\n") {
        reading = false;
        state = START;
      }
      if (reading && buffer == "Enter AT Mode\r\n") {
         Serial.println("AT+RSSI=?");
         Serial.flush();
         reading = false;
         state = WAIT_RSSI;}
          if (reading && buffer == "OK\r\n") {
         Serial.println("AT+RSSI=?");
         Serial.flush();
         reading = false;
         state = WAIT_RSSI;}
   }
 }


void wait_rssi() {
   while (Serial.available() > 0) {
      chr = Serial.read();
      if (chr == '-') {
         reading = true;
         buffer = "";
      }
      if (reading) {
         buffer += chr;       
      }
      if (buffer.length() == 4) {
         rssi = buffer;
         //lcd.clear();
          //lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
          // lcd.print("dBm=");
          //lcd.print(rssi);
         // mySerial.println(rssi);
           //mySerial.println(5);  
         reading = false;
         if (rssi < "-040") {
            digitalWrite(ledBLE1, HIGH);
            digitalWrite(ledBLE2, LOW);
            digitalWrite(ledBLE3, LOW); 
            }
            else if (rssi >= "-040"&&rssi<"-070") {
                digitalWrite(ledBLE1, LOW);
                digitalWrite(ledBLE2, HIGH);
                digitalWrite(ledBLE3, LOW);
            }
            else if (rssi >= "-070") {
                digitalWrite(ledBLE1, LOW);
                digitalWrite(ledBLE2, LOW);
                digitalWrite(ledBLE3, HIGH);
            }
             state = WAIT_EXIT; 
      }
   }
   Serial.println("AT+EXIT");
   Serial.flush();
  
}

void wait_exit(){
  while (Serial.available() > 0) {
    chr = Serial.read();
    if (chr == 'O'&&buffer!="ERR") {
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";
    }
    if (chr == 'E') {
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";
    }
    if (reading) {
      buffer += chr;
    }
    mySerial.println(buffer);
    if (reading && buffer == "ERROR CMD\r\n") {
      reading = false;
      state = WAIT_RSSI;}
    if (buffer == "OK\r\n") {
      reading = false;
      state = START;
    }
  }
}

void mode_at() {
   Serial.println("AT\n\n");
   Serial.flush();
  while (Serial.available() > 0){
    chr = Serial.read();
    if (chr == 'O'&&buffer!="ERR") {
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";}
    if (chr == 'E'){
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";}
    if (reading) {
      buffer += chr;}
      mySerial.println(buffer);
    if (reading && buffer == "ERROR CMD\r\n") {
      reading = false;
      state=MODE_AT;}
      if(buffer == "OK\r\n") {
         reading = false;
         state = WAIT_AT;}
    }
    state = START;  
  }

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
//#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

//LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20,16,2);
SoftwareSerial mySerial(0, 1); // RX, TX

const int ledBLE1 = 5;

typedef enum {START, WAIT_AT, WAIT_RSSI, WAIT_EXIT, MODE_AT} state_type;

state_type state = MODE_AT;
char chr;
String buffer, rssi, data;
bool reading = false;
void mode_at();
void  wait_rssi();
void wait_exit();
void setup() {
   mySerial.begin(115200);
   Serial.begin(115200);      //Initiate the Serial comm
   pinMode(ledBLE1, OUTPUT);

   state = MODE_AT;
  // lcd.init();                      // initialize the lcd 
   //lcd.backlight();
  
 }

void loop() {
   if(state==MODE_AT){
   mySerial.println(1);
    mode_at();
     delay(3000);
  }else if(state == START) {
      delay(100);
      start();
  }else if(state == WAIT_AT) {
    delay(100);
    wait_at();}
  else if(state == WAIT_RSSI) {
    delay(100);
    wait_rssi();
  }else if (state == WAIT_EXIT) {
    wait_exit();
    delay(3000);
  }
}

void start() {
  delay(10);
  Serial.print("+++");
  state = WAIT_AT;
}

void wait_at() {
   while (Serial.available() > 0) {
      chr = Serial.read();
      if (chr == 'E') {
         reading = true;
         buffer = "";
      }
      if (chr == 'O'&&buffer!="ERR") {
         reading = true;
         buffer = "";
      }
      if (reading) {
         buffer += chr;
      }
      if (reading && buffer == "ERROR CMD\r\n") {
        reading = false;
        state = START;
      }
      if (reading && buffer == "Enter AT Mode\r\n") {
         Serial.println("AT+RSSI=?");
         Serial.flush();
         reading = false;
         state = WAIT_RSSI;}
          if (reading && buffer == "OK\r\n") {
         Serial.println("AT+RSSI=?");
         Serial.flush();
         reading = false;
         state = WAIT_RSSI;}
   }
 }


void wait_rssi() {
   while (Serial.available() > 0) {
      chr = Serial.read();
      if (chr == '-') {
         reading = true;
         buffer = "";
      }
      if (reading) {
         buffer += chr;       
      }
      if (buffer.length() == 4) {
         rssi = buffer;
         //lcd.clear();
          //lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
          // lcd.print("dBm=");
          //lcd.print(rssi);
         // mySerial.println(rssi);
           //mySerial.println(5);  
         reading = false;
         if (rssi < "-040") {
            digitalWrite(ledBLE1, LOW);

            }
            else if (rssi >= "-040"&&rssi<"-070") {
                digitalWrite(ledBLE1, HIGH);

            }
            else if (rssi >= "-070") {
                digitalWrite(ledBLE1, LOW);

            }
             state = WAIT_EXIT; 
      }
   }
   Serial.println("AT+EXIT");
   Serial.flush();
  
}

void wait_exit(){
  while (Serial.available() > 0) {
    chr = Serial.read();
    if (chr == 'O'&&buffer!="ERR") {
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";
    }
    if (chr == 'E') {
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";
    }
    if (reading) {
      buffer += chr;
    }
    mySerial.println(buffer);
    if (reading && buffer == "ERROR CMD\r\n") {
      reading = false;
      state = WAIT_RSSI;}
    if (buffer == "OK\r\n") {
      reading = false;
      state = START;
    }
  }
}

void mode_at() {
   Serial.println("AT\n\n");
   Serial.flush();
  while (Serial.available() > 0){
    chr = Serial.read();
    if (chr == 'O'&&buffer!="ERR") {
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";}
    if (chr == 'E'){
      reading = true;
      buffer = "";}
    if (reading) {
      buffer += chr;}
      mySerial.println(buffer);
    if (reading && buffer == "ERROR CMD\r\n") {
      reading = false;
      state=MODE_AT;}
      if(buffer == "OK\r\n") {
         reading = false;
         state = WAIT_AT;}
    }
    state = START;  
  }

Credits

Kitty Yeung

19 projects • 184 followers

Physicist/Artist/Musician/Fashion Designer/Engineer www.kittyyeung.com

Thanks to Pearl.

Mother and Child - DFRobot Bluno Beetle

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

1. Demographic preferences

2. Design

3. Circuits

4. Code

Schematics

Central and Peripheral schematics

Code

Central code

Peripheral code

Credits

Kitty Yeung

Comments

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Mother and Child - DFRobot Bluno Beetle

Mother and Child - DFRobot Bluno Beetle

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

1. Demographic preferences

2. Design

3. Circuits

4. Code

Schematics

Central and Peripheral schematics

Code

Central code

Peripheral code

Credits

Kitty Yeung

Comments

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