Published July 6, 2022 © CC BY-NC

Piano with 12mm tact switches Sponsored by JLCPCB

Thank you JLCPCB for sponsoring this project. Please get your PCB printed at jlcpcb.com/RAT

IntermediateFull instructions provided3 hours134

Piano with 12mm tact switches Sponsored by JLCPCB

Things used in this project

Hardware components

JLCPCB Customized PCB

Arduino Mega 2560

12mm Tact Switch Height 1cm

3528 SMD LED

R1206 1000 Ohm Resistor

Male Header 80 Position 2 Row (0.1")

Dupont wire 2.54mm 30cm Male-Female

12mm Tact Switch Cap

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

Solder Wire, Lead Free

Story

Thank you JLCPCB for sponsoring this project. Please order your PCBs at jlcpcb.com/RAT

This project is about making a piano with Arduino Mega 2560. The piano will light up the corresponding LEDs that you have pressed. Let's get started!

We will need through-hole 12mm 1cm tall tact switches and their caps. The piano keyboard is arranged such that it is user friendly as you can place all your fingers on the keyboard.

Why use castellated holes in this project?

We can join the keyboard together with the help of castellated holes at the edges of the PCBs. Please solder the castellated holes side by side first before soldering the components on the PCB to make the PCBs straight.

The LEDs on the keyboard are connected such that they will light up when you press the corresponding keys.

We will need to connect all the ground pins of the PCBs together with the Arduino Mega board.

Tips on making castellated holes in PCBs using EasyEDA:

Click on pad icon in PCB Tools. At the Pad Properties, ensure that Multi-Layer is selected. You can change the pad size and pad hole size values.

Multilayer pad

Hope you enjoy this project and do order your PCBs at jlcpcb.com/RAT

Piano

Code

Piano 12 keys

double f_C0 = 16.35;
double f_CS0 = 17.32;
double f_D0 = 18.35;
double f_DS0 = 19.45;
double f_E0 = 20.60;
double f_F0 = 21.83;
double f_FS0 = 23.12;
double f_G0 = 24.50;
double f_GS0 = 25.96;
double f_A0 = 27.50;
double f_AS0 = 29.14;
double f_B0 = 30.87;

double f_C1 = 32.70;
double f_CS1 = 34.65;
double f_D1 = 36.71;
double f_DS1 = 38.89;
double f_E1 = 41.20;
double f_F1 = 43.65;
double f_FS1 = 46.25;
double f_G1 = 49.00;
double f_GS1 = 51.91;
double f_A1 = 55.00;
double f_AS1 = 58.27;
double f_B1 = 61.74;

double f_C2 = 65.41;
double f_CS2 = 69.30;
double f_D2 = 73.42;
double f_DS2 = 77.78;
double f_E2 = 82.41;
double f_F2 = 87.31;
double f_FS2 = 92.50;
double f_G2 = 98.00;
double f_GS2 = 103.83;
double f_A2 = 110.00;
double f_AS2 = 116.54;
double f_B2 = 123.47;

double f_C3 = 130.81;
double f_CS3 = 138.59;
double f_D3 = 146.83;
double f_DS3 = 155.56;
double f_E3 = 164.81;
double f_F3 = 174.61;
double f_FS3 = 185.00;
double f_G3 = 196.00;
double f_GS3 = 207.65;
double f_A3 = 220.00;
double f_AS3 = 233.08;
double f_B3 = 246.94;

double f_C4 = 261.63;
double f_CS4 = 277.18;
double f_D4 = 293.66;
double f_DS4 = 311.13;
double f_E4 = 329.63;
double f_F4 = 349.23;
double f_FS4 = 369.99;
double f_G4 = 392.00;
double f_GS4 = 415.30;
double f_A4 = 440.00;
double f_AS4 = 466.16;
double f_B4 = 493.88;

double f_C5 = 523.25;
double f_CS5 = 554.37;
double f_D5 = 587.33;
double f_DS5 = 622.25;
double f_E5 = 659.25;
double f_F5 = 698.46;
double f_FS5 = 739.99;
double f_G5 = 783.99;
double f_GS5 = 830.61;
double f_A5 = 880.00;
double f_AS5 = 932.33;
double f_B5 = 987.77;

double f_C6 = 1046.50;
double f_CS6 = 1108.73;
double f_D6 = 1174.66;
double f_DS6 = 1244.51;
double f_E6 = 1318.51;
double f_F6 = 1396.91;
double f_FS6 = 1479.98;
double f_G6 = 1567.98;
double f_GS6 = 1661.22;
double f_A6 = 1760.00;
double f_AS6 = 1864.66;
double f_B6 = 1975.53;

double f_C7 = 2093.00;
double f_CS7 = 2217.46;
double f_D7 = 2349.32;
double f_DS7 = 2489.02;
double f_E7 = 2637.02;
double f_F7 = 2793.83;
double f_FS7 = 2959.96;
double f_G7 = 3135.96;
double f_GS7 = 3322.44;
double f_A7 = 3520.00;
double f_AS7 = 3729.31;
double f_B7 = 3951.07;

double f_C8 = 4186.01;
double f_CS8 = 4434.92;
double f_D8 = 4698.63;
double f_DS8 = 4978.03;
double f_E8 = 5274.04;
double f_F8 = 5587.65;
double f_FS8 = 5919.91;
double f_G8 = 6271.93;
double f_GS8 = 6644.88;
double f_A8 = 7040.00;
double f_AS8 = 7458.62;
double f_B8 = 7902.13;

int button_C3 = A0;
int button_CS3 = A1;
int button_D3 = A2;
int button_DS3 = A3;
int button_E3 = A4;
int button_F3 = A5;
int button_FS3 = A6;
int button_G3 = A7;
int button_GS3 = A8;
int button_A3 = A9;
int button_AS3 = A10;
int button_B3 = A11;

int button_C4 = 2;
int button_CS4 = 3;
int button_D4 = 4;
int button_DS4 = 5;
int button_E4 = 6;
int button_F4 = 7;
int button_FS4 = 8;
int button_G4 = 9;
int button_GS4 = 10;
int button_A4 = 11;
int button_AS4 = 12;
int button_B4 = 14;

int button_C5 = 22;
int button_CS5 = 24;
int button_D5 = 26;
int button_DS5 = 28;
int button_E5 = 30;
int button_F5 = 32;
int button_FS5 = 34;
int button_G5 = 36;
int button_GS5 = 38;
int button_A5 = 40;
int button_AS5 = 42;
int button_B5 = 44;

int speaker = 13;

void setup() 
{
  pinMode (button_C3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_CS3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_D3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_DS3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_E3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_F3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_FS3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_G3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_GS3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_A3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_AS3, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_B3, INPUT);

  pinMode (button_C4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_CS4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_D4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_DS4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_E4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_F4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_FS4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_G4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_GS4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_A4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_AS4, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_B4, INPUT);

  pinMode (button_C5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_CS5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_D5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_DS5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_E5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_F5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_FS5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_G5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_GS5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_A5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_AS5, INPUT);
  pinMode (button_B5, INPUT);
  
  pinMode (speaker, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
  while (analogRead (button_C3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_C3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_C3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_CS3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_CS3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_CS3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_D3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_D3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_D3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_DS3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_DS3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_DS3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_E3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_E3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_E3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_F3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_F3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_F3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_FS3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_FS3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_FS3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_G3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_G3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_G3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_GS3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_GS3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_GS3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_A3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_A3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_A3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_AS3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_AS3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_AS3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (analogRead (button_B3) >= 800)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_B3;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (analogRead (button_B3) < 800)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  
  while (digitalRead (button_C4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_C4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_C4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_CS4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_CS4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_CS4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_D4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_D4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_D4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_DS4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_DS4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_DS4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_E4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_E4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_E4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_F4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_F4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_F4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_FS4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_FS4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_FS4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_G4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_G4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_G4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_GS4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_GS4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_GS4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_A4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_A4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_A4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_AS4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_AS4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_AS4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_B4) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_B4;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_B4) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }

  while (digitalRead (button_C5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_C5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_C5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_CS5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_CS5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_CS5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_D5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_D5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_D5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_DS5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_DS5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_DS5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_E5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_E5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_E5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_F5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_F5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_F5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_FS5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_FS5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_FS5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_G5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_G5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_G5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_GS5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_GS5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_GS5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_A5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_A5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_A5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_AS5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_AS5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_AS5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  while (digitalRead (button_B5) == 1)
  {
    double DelayTime = 500000 / f_B5;
    digitalWrite (speaker, 1);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    digitalWrite (speaker, 0);
    delayMicroseconds (DelayTime);
    if (digitalRead (button_B5) == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
  }
}

Piano with 12mm tact switches Sponsored by JLCPCB

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Schematics

Piano 12 keys schematic PDF

Piano 12 keys schematic

Piano 12 keys PCB

Piano 12 keys Gerber

Code

Piano 12 keys

Credits

limchengwei

Comments

Embed the widget on your own site

Piano with 12mm tact switches Sponsored by JLCPCB

Piano with 12mm tact switches Sponsored by JLCPCB

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Schematics

Piano 12 keys schematic PDF

Piano 12 keys schematic

Piano 12 keys PCB

Piano 12 keys Gerber

Code

Piano 12 keys

Credits

limchengwei

Comments

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