1. Arduino Uno:-
The Arduino Uno R3 is an ATmega328P microcontroller-based development board. This is widely popular in Embedded electronics because of the available resources and easy to use by everybody features. With 14 digital input/output pins where 6 can be configured and used as PWM outputs, 6 as analog inputs is a great addition for I/O related operations. Powered with a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, an USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
It includes a LED that can be useful in multiple applications or to test the board functionality. A voltage regulator, better to say an LDO, is available inside this development board to make this Arduino compatible for a wide range of input voltages. The application is very easy, just upload the code, and run.
Features:
- Model Type: UNO Rev R3
- Microcontroller Chip: ATmega328P
- Operating Voltage (VDC): 5
- Input Voltage (Recommended): 7-12V
- Input Voltage (limit): 6-20V
- Analog I/O Pins: 6
- Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
- PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6
- DC Current per I/O Pin (mA): 40
- DC Current for 3.3V Pin (mA): 50
- Clock Speed: 16 MHz
- SRAM (KB): 2
- EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
- Flash Memory: 32 KB
- On Board LEDs: On/Off, L (PIN 13), TX, RX
- Dimensions in mm (LxWxH): 75 x 54 x 12
2. Pulse sensor:-
It is easy to use a Pulse sensor that can be used to detect the Heart Rate of a Person. Heart rate is essential to determine your health and also to monitor while working out or running. This works on a principle called photoplethysmography, which means the changes in the volume of blood in an organ is measured by the changes in the intensity of the light passing through that organ hence the emitted light from the LED will be received by photosensor only when there is blood in the vein hence measuring the pulse. The output signal is further conditioned and filtered to give the final output. This Heartbeat sensor module can be easily used with Arduino to monitor anxiety levels, remote patient monitoring or exercise routines.
Specifications
- Operating Voltage: +5V or +3.3V
- Plug and Play type sensor
- Maximum Current Consumption: 4mA
- Inbuilt Amplification and Noise cancellation circuit.
- Small Size makes it suitable for battery-powered devices.
- Diameter: 0.625”
- Thickness: 0.125” Thick
3. Temperature sensor:-
This LM35D Analog Temperature Sensor Module is based on the semiconductor LM35 temperature sensor. The LM35 Linear Temperature Sensor module is useful in detecting ambient air temperature. Sensitivity is 10mV per degree Celsius. The output voltage is proportional to the temperature.
It also possesses the low self-heating and does not cause more than 0.1 °C temperature rise in still air. The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every °C rise/fall in ambient temperature., its scale factor is 0.01V/°C. It is commonly used as a temperature measurement sensors. It includes thermocouples, platinum resistance, thermal resistance and temperature semiconductor chips, which commonly used in high-temperature measurement thermocouples. The LM35D linear temperature sensor and sensor-specific expansion of Arduino Board, in combination, can be very easy to achieve.
1. Arduino IDE:-
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software platform used for programming and developing applications for Arduino microcontroller boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino boards. Here's a breakdown of its main features and components:
1. Code Editor: The Arduino IDE includes a simple but powerful code editor where users can write their Arduino sketches (programs). The editor provides syntax highlighting, auto-indentation, and other features to make coding easier.
2. Sketches: In Arduino terminology, programs are called "sketches." Sketches are written in the C or C++ programming languages and typically consist of two main functions: `setup()` and `loop()`. The `setup()` function is executed once when the Arduino board is powered on or reset, while the `loop()` function runs continuously in a loop until the board is powered off or reset.
3. Library Manager: The Arduino IDE comes with a library manager that allows users to easily install and manage libraries. Libraries are collections of pre-written code that extend the functionality of the Arduino platform. They can include drivers for sensors, communication protocols, display modules, and more.
4. Serial Monitor: The Serial Monitor is a built-in tool in the Arduino IDE that allows users to communicate with their Arduino board via the serial port. It's commonly used for debugging purposes, displaying sensor readings, or sending commands to the Arduino board.
5. Board Manager: The Board Manager is used to install board definitions for different Arduino-compatible microcontroller boards. It supports a wide range of Arduino boards, including the popular Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, and Arduino Nano, as well as boards from other manufacturers.
6. Upload: The Arduino IDE simplifies the process of uploading code to Arduino boards. Users can select the appropriate board and serial port from the IDE's menu, then click the "Upload" button to compile the code and transfer it to the board.
7. Tools and Preferences: The Arduino IDE provides various tools and preferences that allow users to customize their development environment. This includes options for setting the board type, specifying the programmer, adjusting compilation settings, and more.
2. ThingSpeak:-
ThingSpeak is a robust Internet of Things (IoT) platform designed for efficient data management and analysis. With ThingSpeak, users can seamlessly collect and store data from a variety of IoT devices and sensors. The platform organizes data into channels, each comprising multiple fields that can accommodate diverse types of information. For instance, fields may be designated for temperature, humidity, pressure, or any other relevant data.
One of ThingSpeak's strengths lies in its visualization capabilities, allowing users to create charts, graphs, and maps to interpret and understand data trends effectively. The platform also supports reactions, enabling users to set up automated responses based on specific data conditions. This can include triggering notifications, tweets, or other actions, enhancing the platform's utility in real-time monitoring and control applications.
ThingSpeak fosters easy integration with popular IoT devices such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP8266 through its accessible APIs, enabling seamless data transmission to ThingSpeak channels. Additionally, the platform's open-source nature, based on MATLAB, provides flexibility for customization according to user requirements.
With an active community and extensive documentation, ThingSpeak caters to a diverse user base. It offers both free and paid plans, with the former providing fundamental features and the latter unlocking advanced functionalities and higher data storage capacities. Whether for hobbyist projects or industrial applications, ThingSpeak stands as a comprehensive and accessible solution for IoT data management and analysis.
To create a channel on ThingSpeak, follow these steps: -- Sign Up or Log In: If you don't have a ThingSpeak account, go to the ThingSpeak website (https://thingspeak.com/) and sign up for a new account. If you already have an account, log in using your credentials.
- Navigate to Channels: After signing in, click on the "Channels" tab in the top navigation bar.
- Create a New Channel: On the Channels page, click the "New Channel" button
- Fill in Channel Information: Fill in the required information for your new channel: Name: Give your channel a descriptive name. Description: Provide a brief description of your channel. Field 1, Field 2, etc.: These fields represent the data fields for your channel. You can use them to store different types of data.
- Advanced Settings (Optional): You can configure advanced settings for your channel, such as the type of data, privacy settings, and more. Adjust these settings according to your requirements.
- Save Channel: Click the "Save Channel" button to create your channel.
- Get API Key: After creating the channel, go to the "API Keys" tab to obtain your Write API Key. This key is needed to update data on your channel.
IoT based patient health monitoring system is a generic term given to any medical equipment that has internet capability and can measure one or more health data of a patient who is connected to the device such as heartbeat, body temperature, blood pressure, ECG, steps etc. The equipment can record, transmit and alert if there is any abrupt change in the patient’s health.
By this definition, it includes devices such as smart-watches, fitness trackers, smart-phones to expensive hospital equipment which can connect to internet.
IoT based health monitoring system is used where the patient and heath expert(s) are at different locations. For example, a patient can stay at home and continue his/her routine life and a doctor can monitor patient’s heath. Based on the received data the heath expert can prescribe a best treatment or take an immediate action in case of an emergency.
An IoT based health monitoring system using ThingSpeak is a project that involves integrating various sensors and devices to gather and analyze health data of an individual. ThingSpeak is an open-source IoT platform that provides an easy-to-use interface to collect, analyze, and visualize data from IoT devices.
The system can be designed to monitor various health parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen level, and many others. The data collected from the sensors can be transmitted to a ThingSpeak channel using a Wi-Fi module such as ESP8266 or ESP32. The data can be then analyzed using MATLAB or other programming languages supported by ThingSpeak.
The system can be designed to send alerts or notifications to the individual or caregiver in case of abnormal readings or health issues. For instance, if the blood pressure reading goes beyond a certain threshold level, the system can send a notification to the individual and also to the healthcare provider for immediate attention.
Moreover, the system can also be integrated with wearable devices such as smartwatches or fitness trackers to monitor the physical activity of an individual. This can help in analyzing the overall health of an individual and provide personalized recommendations for improvement.
The ThingSpeak platform also provides visualization tools to create charts, graphs, and other visual representations of the health data. This can help in tracking the progress of an individual and providing insights into their health patterns.
Overall, an IoT based health monitoring system using ThingSpeak can provide a comprehensive approach to monitor and manage an individual's health. It can enable early detection of health issues and provide timely intervention, thus improving the overall quality of life.
Working:-
The IoT-based health monitoring system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller interfaced with a pulse sensor and an LM35 temperature sensor. The Arduino continuously collects data from these sensors. The pulse sensor measures heart rate, while the LM35 sensor monitors body temperature. This data is then processed and transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform through the internet using ThingSpeak's API.
ThingSpeak allows users to create channels to store and visualize data in real-time. With the received data, users can monitor health parameters remotely through a web interface. Additionally, ThingSpeak offers analytical tools to detect trends and anomalies in the data. Users can set up alerts based on predefined thresholds, enabling timely notifications for abnormal health conditions.
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