Adjustable (12V - 75V) DC to 10V DC Buck Converter

Introduction

The buck converter is one of the converters that circuit designers have proved to offer a variable voltage supply to devices and circuits with a fixed DC power supply voltage. The other converter in this category is the boost converter, which changes the lesser voltage supply to a variable collection of high voltages. The buck converter consumes the high input voltage fixed by the boost converter and transforms it to a more secondary variable DC voltage. Therefore, a 75 to 10V DC-DC Buck Converter Circuit will be designed and created in this case. The buck converter utilizes a cost-efficient buck regulator IC, and affordable components are also required for its design.

Components Required

• C1 1 1uF C_Polarized_Small_US Capacitor_THT: C_Radial_D5.0mm_H11.0mm_P2.00mm Polarized capacitor, small US symbol
• C2, C3 2 0.1uF C_Small Capacitor_THT:C_Radial_D5.0mm_H11.0mm_P2.00mm Unpolarized capacitor, small symbol
• C4 1 0.01uF C_Small Capacitor_THT:C_Radial_D5.0mm_H11.0mm_P2.00mm Unpolarized capacitor, small symbol
• C5 1 15uF C_Small Capacitor_THT:C_Radial_D5.0mm_H11.0mm_P2.00mm Unpolarized capacitor, small symbol
• D1 1 D_Zener D_Zener Diode_THT:D_A-405_P7.62mm_Horizontal Zener diode
• J1 1 10V-75V DC Input Screw_Terminal_01x02 282834-2:TE_282834-2 Generic screw terminal, single row, 01x02, script generated (kicad-library-utils/schlib/autogen/connector/)
• J2 1 10V/ 400mA Out Screw_Terminal_01x02 282834-2:TE_282834-2 Generic screw terminal, single row, 01x02, script generated (kicad-library-utils/schlib/autogen/connector/)
• L1 1 100uH L_Small Inductor_THT_Wurth:L_Wurth_WE-HCFT-2012_LeadDiameter1.2mm Inductor, small symbol
• R1 1 200k R_Small_US Resistor_THT:R_Axial_DIN0204_L3.6mm_D1.6mm_P7.62mm_Horizontal Resistor, small US symbol
• R2 1 100k R_Small_US Resistor_THT:R_Axial_DIN0204_L3.6mm_D1.6mm_P7.62mm_Horizontal Resistor, small US symbol
• R3 1 3.01k R_Small_US Resistor_THT:R_Axial_DIN0204_L3.6mm_D1.6mm_P7.62mm_Horizontal Resistor, small US symbol
• R4, R5 2 1k R_Small_US Resistor_THT:R_Axial_DIN0204_L3.6mm_D1.6mm_P7.62mm_Horizontal Resistor, small US symbol
• U1 1 LM5007MM LM5007MM Package_SO:MSOP-8_3x3mm_P0.65mm 700mA, High Voltage (80V) Step-Down Switching Regulator, Adjustable Output Voltage, MSOP-8

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75V to 10V DC-DC Buck Converter Circuit Diagram

75V to 10V DC-DC Buck Converter Circuit Pin Configuration

An 8-pin LM5007MM IC designs the 75V to 10V DC-DC buck converter circuit. PIN 8 is usually used for voltage supply, while PIN 1 is the power switching node interfacing with the circuit output filter. The second pin is used as the boost strap capacitor input. Usually, between the pin and the second pin, an external capacitor is connected in between. The feedback pin typically connected to the internal regulation comparator's inverting input is PIN 5. The load will experience a 10V output with 400mA when every connection is entirely done.

The Circuit Operational Principle

The 75V to 110V DC-DC buck converter circuit works on the pulse-with-modulation (PWM) principle, where high-frequency switching controls the output voltage. For every switching cycle, the inductor gets an input voltage for a specific period known as the duty cycle and is later disconnected after the process. The duty cycle creates a sequence of voltage pulses; however, when the duty cycle is adjusted, the output voltage is generated.

Due to the high frequencies involved, a buck converter comes with various protection features. The features include over-voltage protection, over-current protection, and thermal shutdown. Each of the protection features allows safe and reliable operation.

Applications

The circuit uses lithium-ion battery chargers to control the voltage supplied to the battery, thus ensuring the battery is charged with the required voltage level. Secondly, the course is used in driving LED lighting systems, which require lesser voltages than the one supplied by the power source. Here, the circuit acts as a step down for the voltage. Additionally, the course is used in motor control applications, especially while adjusting the voltage supplied to ensure better speed and torque control. The method is also used in solar power systems, audio amplifiers, and quadcopters.

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