Team Sunshine: Sumita Ghosh, Ashish Joshi, Jeff Mueller

Published August 2, 2015 © GPL3+

Keychain Synth

A hand-held synthesizer with cap touch buttons, various modes on a four-key drumpad, and a looper for on-the-go composing.

IntermediateFull instructions provided5,403

Top BeagleBone Black Design

Texas Instruments Intern Design Challenge 2015

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Sound Card

This allows you go get microphone input and audio output.

Adafruit Standalone Momentary Capacitive Touch Sensor

Used the circuit for this, though this could easily be bought and put on a breadboard if you don't make the PCB.

Adafruit Standalone Toggle Capacitive Touch Sensor Breakout

Repeat from Momentary Sensor: Used the circuit for this, though this could easily be bought and put on a breadboard if you don't make the PCB.

1 kOhm resistors

Only get these if you aren't using the Adafruit buttons.

Buttons/Switches

Only get these if you aren't using the Adafruit buttons.

Breadboard (generic)

Jumper wires (generic)

BeagleBoard.org BeagleBone Black

Story

Maybe you like to write music. Maybe you're at the mall and you've just thought of a really amazing riff and you know you'll be upset if you forget it later. Maybe you look for the right apps to get your song out, but none of them allow you to put in background music that isn't just pure tones or your own voice, and you've got an idea for the whole band.

... but if you don't have any instruments on you, all you can really record is an acapella song. And not every songwriter can (or wants to) sing background.

For all those inconvenient times that inspiration strikes, keep your Keychain Synth handy. It's better than a smartphone app because you can simultaneously attach:

A midi keyboard

A microphone

Speakers

A roll-out keypad (in case the on-board keys are too small)

Wearables (in case you want to show off at a party)

This synth is customizable and convenient for any on-the-go composer.

This is how you make one.

STEP 1: Get a BeagleBone Black

The BeagleBone Black (BBB) has a 1 GHz processor, so it's powerful enough to have a full synthesizer program running at all times when it's on. Once completed, it'll have a looper and digital instruments running constantly, so this is really important. The 4 GB of memory it has also makes it really conducive to storing a lot of different sound files inside, to make the range of instruments playable on the synth as diverse as you like.

Texas Instruments gave us this one so we could make this project and submit it to the DIY with TI contest.

STEP 2: Get software on the BeagleBone Black

To do this, first we need to get it set up. Check out this YouTube video to see how to do that, and also get access to the internet through the BBB.

Then follow steps 3 and 4 on the Make tutorial, which tells you how to install Pure Data (for FREE) and set up your USB sound card. Grab the software files from this page and put them in the same place you downloaded the files from the tutorial (probably under /root/). Make sure the python script has a .py extension and that the Pure Data script has a .pd extension.

Then get whatever files you want to be able to play on your synth and put those in the same folder as well, labeling them by number. The Pure Data program on this page will call them up (until number 9 - after that you have to add on more sound bits on the Pure Data program) every time the corresponding buttons are pressed.

Disclaimer: Our Pure Data file is just a modified version of the tutorial's file so there's more than just the looper - we added more buttons, one of which is a "bank" which chooses what sounds will play from each key. Same with our python file - we just added more buttons to more GPIO pins.

1 / 3 • I didn't have switches, so we used buttons instead. But look, it lights up! YAY.

STEP 3: Get your hardware

I really like capacitive touch buttons. They're super cool and also don't make a lot of noise, so as long as I'm not singing into the mic and have headphones in, I can compose silently and not be bothering anyone. They also make the synthesizer less bulky.

The board and schematic files are on this page, and you can modify them as you like. If you're happy with how our board looks, feel free to message me and I'll send you one. The whole thing is 2.25"x2.50".

1 / 5 • The blank circuit boards by themselves. (I had ten manufactured by PCBWay.)

If you don't want to do that, though, you can always use a breadboard to connect regular buttons to the following inputs (you'll need this pinout diagram):

Bank: GPIO1_16 (so is this one)

Key A: GPIO1_17

Key B: GPIO1_18

Key C: GPIO1_19

Key D: GPIO1_20

The ones not labeled as toggle buttons (which is to say tap-on-tap-off) are all momentary (only on when your finger is touching it). The schematic for every button is shown below. To get cap-touch buttons on your breadboard, you can use Adafruit's Momentary and Toggle breakout boards and remove the 1 kOhm resistor from the circuit.

1 / 2 • This is the exact schematic for every single button on the breadboard. (Drawing made on circuitlab.com)

STEP 4: Enable Linux Controls and Run the Software

SSH into the BeagleBone using XMing (or whatever your operating system uses) once the buttons are all connected. Then do the following to import all the necessary buttons:

cd /sys/class/gpio

echo 44 >exportode>

echo 45 >export

... go all the way until

echo 52 >export

ls and then check to make sure the folders gpio44 through gpio52 exist. Finally, type in pd -oss & and once Pure Data opens, use File->Open to open up the Pure Data file from this page. Go back to the command line and type in python pythonCode.py where pythonCode is whatever name you gave the python script.

Now, when you play with the synth, it should work perfectly with just the cape, microphone, and headphones.

Here's our demo of the synth up until this point.

STEP 5: Get the synth to boot on startup

Now you can set up the synth to run without having to go through command line every time. To do this, make a new file called startup.sh in the root directory of your BeagleBone Black. Open it up and type in:

pd -oss -nogui /root/PDFILE.pd &

sleep 10

python /root/pythonCode.py &

Save that. In the command line type in crontab -e and at the end of the file add the line @reboot sh /root/startup.sh and once done do a Ctrl-O and then a Ctrl-X. You'll get back to the command line. If you reboot the BeagleBone Black then the synth will work automatically.

Warning: If you want to make any changes to the BeagleBone Black after this step is done, UNDO THIS LAST STEP. That is to say, type in crontab -e and at the end of the file delete the line @reboot sh /root/startup.sh and once done do a Ctrl-O and then a Ctrl-X.

Congratulations! Now you have a Keychain Synth.

Other things you can do with the Keychain Synth

The basic Keychain Synth is good for what it's marketed as: a convenient handheld synthesizer for when you don't have access to other instruments or space to put them. But it can also be used when you do have space, to create even more amazing music with add-ons. Here are some ideas:

Paper keyboard

The buttons on the cape are pretty small, and they have to be to be functional. But if you have room for two sheets of paper you can carry this around with you! It requires a slight modification to the cape, but nothing that can't be handled.

1 / 6 • First solder some wires to the holes next to the keypads. They're electrically connected to the pads so anything soldered to those holes can become the new cap-touch pads. Solder a connector to those wires.

Cuff/Wristband

I did the same thing here as before: I took a piece of paper, glued some aluminum foil onto it, stripped the ends of a wire, taped one end to the aluminum foil, and soldered the other end to a connector. Then I just folded the paper, poked some holes into the ends of the cuff, and secured it with a rubber band so it would fit over a person's hand and rest on their wrist.

If you connect the wristband to the "Bank" pad on the cape, then you can just hit it to play the drums and change sound sets. Connecting it to "Record" means you can sing acapella loops without having to look for the record button every time. And so on.

1 / 3 • This is the cuff after the foil was glued on and the paper was folded, right before I tape on the wire.

Glove/Vest/Other wearables

For these just do the same as before: put the pads in the appropriate places, wire them up, and connect them to the cape.

We almost made a glove but we ran out of time. It's a neat party trick, anyway.

Stay Tuned for more!

So this project was started for the DIY with TI Intern Edition challenge, but I've always meant to create a synthesizer. Up until here is what Team Sunshine (that is to say Ashish, Jeff, and I) have made so far. Below are my plans to enhance the synthesizer after the competition.

Change the Cape

The next time we make this thing, we'll probably add some LEDs so we know when the keys are on and when they're off (because while recording we realized we don't actually know when we were recording. Derp). Additionally we'll need to add some sort of LED screen so we know what set of sounds Bank has given each key.

We'll also definitely change the capacitive touch buttons so they need less chips and so need less board space. For example, Texas Instruments' FCD1004 can have up to four capacitance sensors on each chip, so all the keys for the sounds could just run on one of those.

Attach a Midi Keyboard

We have a midi keyboard we could hook up to the synth to add to the music. This requires a slight adjustment in code we haven't spent time figuring out yet, but the keyboard has a mini-USB plug that fits into the BeagleBone Black.

We could connect this to the BeagleBone Black and use the synth software alongside this keyboard.

Code

#Poll exported Beagle pins and connect to PureData for transmission on change
#Tyler Worman tsworman@novaslp.net
#7/1/14

#Edited by Team Sunshine
#	Ashish Joshi
#	Sumita Ghosh
#GPIO and ADC handled by Adafruit BB Library

import subprocess
import time
import socket
import Adafruit_BBIO.GPIO as GPIO

lPin44 = 0 #Store value for gpio44
lPin45 = 0 #Store value for gpio45
lPin46 = 0 #Store value for gpio46
lPin47 = 0 #Store value for gpio47
lPin48 = 0 #Store value for gpio48
lPin49 = 0 #Store value for gpio49
lpin50 = 0 #Store value for gpio50
lpin51 = 0 #Store value for gpio51
lpin52 = 0 #Store value for gpio52

#Setup GPIO
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_12", GPIO.IN) #play
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_13", GPIO.IN) #Record
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_14", GPIO.IN) #Clear Loop
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_15", GPIO.IN) #Set Tempo
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_16", GPIO.IN) #Bank
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_17", GPIO.IN) #Key A
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_18", GPIO.IN) #Key B
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_19", GPIO.IN) #Key C
GPIO.setup("GPIO1_20", GPIO.IN) #Key D

#Setup Events
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_12", GPIO.BOTH) #Play
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_13", GPIO.BOTH) #Record
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_14", GPIO.BOTH) #Clear
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_15", GPIO.BOTH) #Set Tempo
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_16", GPIO.BOTH) #Bank
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_17", GPIO.BOTH) #Key A
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_18", GPIO.BOTH) #Key B
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_19", GPIO.BOTH) #Key C
GPIO.add_event_detect("GPIO1_20", GPIO.BOTH) #Key D

#Connection to PD
TCP_IP = '127.0.0.1'
TCP_PORT = 13131
BUFFER_SIZE = 1024
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((TCP_IP, TCP_PORT))

def sendChange(name, oldVal, newVal):
	#print "action %s %s %s" %(name,oldVal,newVal)
	if oldVal <> newVal:
		if newVal:
			s.send('%s 1;' %(name))
		else:
			s.send('%s 0;' %(name))

##Main program
#Set initial state
lPin44 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_12")
sendChange('Play', 0, lPin44)
lPin45 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_13")
sendChange('Record', 0, lPin45)
lPin46 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_14")
sendChange('Clear', 0, lPin46)
lPin47 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_15")
sendChange('Timing', 0, lPin47)

lPin48 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_16")
sendChange('Bank', 0, lPin48)
lPin49 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_17")
sendChange('A', 0, lPin49)
lPin50 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_18")
sendChange('B', 0, lPin50)
lPin51 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_19")
sendChange('C', 0, lPin51)
lPin52 = GPIO.input("GPIO1_20")
sendChange('D', 0, lPin52)


#Wait on events
while True:
	#Wait for event to trigger
	if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_12"):
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_12")
		sendChange('Play', lPin44, lPinT)
		lPin44 = lPinT
	if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_13"):
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_13")
		sendChange('Record', lPin45, lPinT)
		lPin45 = lPinT
	if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_14"):
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_14")
		sendChange('Clear', lPin46, lPinT)
		lPin46 = lPinT
    if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_15"):                   
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_15")
                sendChange('Timing', lPin47, lPinT)
		lPin47 = lPinT

    if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_16"):                   
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_16")
                sendChange('Bank', lPin48, lPinT)
		lPin48 = lPinT
    if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_17"):                   
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_17")
                sendChange('A', lPin49, lPinT)
		lPin49 = lPinT
	if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_18"):
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_18")
				sendChange('B', lPin50, lPinT)
		lPin50 = lPinT
    if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_19"):                   
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_19")
                sendChange('C', lPin51, lPinT)
		lPin49 = lPinT
	if GPIO.event_detected("GPIO1_20"):
		lPinT = GPIO.input("GPIO1_20")
				sendChange('D', lPin52, lPinT)
		lPin50 = lPinT

##Won't ever get here except if error
s.close()

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#X connect 65 0 63 0;
#X connect 68 0 69 0;
#X connect 68 0 79 0;
#X connect 68 1 70 0;
#X connect 76 0 78 0;
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#X connect 79 0 72 0;
#X connect 79 0 0 0;
#X connect 79 1 73 0;
#X connect 79 1 132 0;
#X connect 79 2 74 0;
#X connect 79 2 4 0;
#X connect 79 3 75 0;
#X connect 79 3 52 0;
#X connect 79 4 81 0;
#X connect 79 4 82 0;
#X connect 79 5 80 0;
#X connect 82 0 84 0;
#X connect 83 0 84 1;
#X connect 84 0 85 0;
#X connect 85 0 84 1;
#X connect 85 0 125 0;
#X connect 86 0 131 0;
#X connect 87 0 32 0;
#X connect 89 0 32 0;
#X connect 90 0 32 0;
#X connect 91 0 32 0;
#X connect 92 0 32 0;
#X connect 93 0 32 0;
#X connect 94 0 32 0;
#X connect 95 0 3 0;
#X connect 96 0 87 0;
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#X connect 99 0 32 0;
#X connect 100 0 32 0;
#X connect 101 0 32 0;
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#X connect 103 0 90 0;
#X connect 104 0 91 0;
#X connect 105 0 92 0;
#X connect 106 0 93 0;
#X connect 107 0 94 0;
#X connect 108 0 89 0;
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#X connect 110 0 98 0;
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#X connect 124 0 118 0;
#X connect 125 0 86 0;
#X connect 126 0 95 0;
#X connect 127 0 119 0;
#X connect 128 0 120 0;
#X connect 129 0 32 0;
#X connect 130 0 129 0;
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#X connect 131 10 112 0;
#X connect 131 11 113 0;
#X connect 131 12 114 0;
#X connect 131 13 121 0;
#X connect 131 14 122 0;
#X connect 131 15 123 0;
#X connect 131 16 124 0;
#X connect 131 17 127 0;
#X connect 131 18 128 0;
#X connect 131 19 130 0;

Credits

Comments

Awards

Top BeagleBone Black Design

Texas Instruments Intern Design Challenge 2015

Keychain Synth