Published June 30, 2021

Arduboy Pocket Watch!

Ever wanted a pocket watch that you can play one click games on? Well then this is the project you were looking for!

BeginnerFull instructions provided5 hours2,434

Runner Ups

DIY Arduboy Contest

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Leonardo Pro Micro

DS1307 RTC I2C Module

0.96" OLED 64x128 SPI

Double-Side Prototype PCB

TP 4056 Li battery charging board

Li-ion battery 500mAh

Arduboy Compatible

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

Wire Stripper & Cutter, 18-10 AWG / 0.75-4mm² Capacity Wires

Story

The first time I saw an Arduboy I immediately knew that I needed one, I also know that I love making stuff so I thought why not make my own special version of it!

Idea

So I knew I wanted to build one myself I just needed to figure out how to make it unique and in a way no one has made it before. I also needed it to be simple enough for people to build their own from this tutorial, useful enough for people to want to make their own and innovative enough to wow the judges of the contest xD.

Then it hit me, the best way to want more people to have an arduboy is to make it tell time as well.

Once I knew that I was going to be making a pocket watch, I wanted it to be:

Small enough to fit in any pocket.
Have a long lasting battery (to help battle those boring waits at queues or dentists).
Have the pocket watch stay time accurate for a very long time and keep time even when the main battery is used up.

I think we've achieved all three! Now that we are done with the longer-than-I-wanted-it-to-be introduction, let's dive into this tutorial without any further ado.

How to Make it

This project can be made with relative ease if you know the basics of Arduino and how to solder.

Step 1: Make all the connections between the parts as shown in the schematics given below, you can first make the necessary connections between the main components on a breadboard in case you want to make sure your connections are right. After this you can do the same on a prototype board along with the Li-ion battery and charging module.

project on a breadboard

Step 2: Before flashing the main code onto the board there are a few libraries that you need to download.

#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Time.h>
#include <TimeLib.h>
#include <DS1307RTC.h>
#include "Tinyfont.h"
#include "limits.h

Most are found on the library manager, if you can't find them you can always download a zip file version.

Step 3: Open the DS1307RTC examples and flash the "set time" example to the pocket watch (check the terminal to see if it is set to the right time).

Step 4: Now flash the code given below to the pocket watch and you are good to go!

Pocket watch in action!

BOM

About the Code

For this project I have taken the code for "Unicorn Dash" by Kirill Korolkov from the arduboy website Unicorn Dash - A simple endless runner - Games - Arduboy

I chose this game in particular as it is a game that requires only one button. Originally the game maker had used two but with a few tweaks to the code, I got it working with just one. This was important as I needed a game that requires only one button so as to keep the size of the pocket watch as small as possible.

As for the time part of the project I merged the Unicorn Dash code along with the Set time example that comes with the DS1307RTC library.

front and back of the pocket watch

About the Pocket Watch

The layout I chose was to have the Pro micro, display, RTC module and buttons on the front and have the wiring, battery and charging module at the back, this way I could have a clean looking project.

The pocket watch is smaller than a credit card being 6cm long, 4.8cm wide and 1.3cm thick (although the thickness varies from 1.8cm at thickest and 0.7cm at thinnest the average thickness is 1.3cm).

size of pocket watch

size of pocket watch in hand

I am really happy with the way this project has turned out and I hope this project has inspired you to make your very own Arduboy pocket watch!

Code

Arduboy Pocket Watch Code

#include <Arduboy2.h>

#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Time.h>
#include <TimeLib.h>
#include <DS1307RTC.h>

#include "Tinyfont.h"
#include "limits.h"

#define GROUND_HEIGHT       46
#define OBSTACLE_DELAY_MAX  512
#define OBSTACLE_DELAY_MIN  96
#define BONUS_DELAY_MAX     1024
#define BONUS_DELAY_MIN     512

tmElements_t tm;

enum State {
    Intro,
    Play,
    Pause,
    Over,
    Credits
};

struct Position {
    int x;
    int y;
};
struct Velocity {
    int x;
    int y;
};
struct Size {
    unsigned int width;
    unsigned int height;
};

struct Object {
    Position pos;
    Velocity vel;
    Rect     box;
    unsigned int frame;
    unsigned int type;
    boolean action;
};
struct Star {
    Position pos;
    unsigned int frame;
};
struct Particle {
    Position pos;
    unsigned int life;
    unsigned int lifeCount;
};

const byte spriteLogoA[] PROGMEM = {
    0x3e, 0x63, 0xc9, 0x9d, 0x39, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0xf6, 0xf4, 0xe4, 0xc8, 0xd8, 0x90, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x20, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x80, 0xc0, 0x60, 0x20, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0x20, 0x60, 0x40, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1, 0x7, 0xc, 0x19, 0x73, 0xc7, 0x9f, 0x3f, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfd, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1e, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x7d, 0xf9, 0xfb, 0xf2, 0xe6, 0xcc, 0x98, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0xc3, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf3, 0x5, 0x3, 0x45, 0x8b, 0x17, 0xaf, 0x5f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0xfc, 0xf8, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xc0, 0x1, 0x3, 0xf, 0x1f, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xf3, 0xc6, 0x1c, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0xfc, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0x9f, 0xf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1, 0xf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x1, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x7, 0x70, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x8f, 0xe3, 0xf9, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x87, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x80, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1f, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x41, 0x47, 0x4c, 0x49, 0x6b, 0x2b, 0xab, 0xab, 0xbb, 0x99, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xee, 0xe7, 0xf7, 0xf3, 0xf9, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbf, 0x9f, 0xc7, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0x8f, 0xe7, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7, 0xc, 0x19, 0x13, 0x37, 0x27, 0x6f, 0xcf, 0x9f, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0x3f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0x9f, 0xcf, 0x67, 0x27, 0x33, 0x19, 0xc, 0x6, 0x3, 0x1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1, 0x1, 0x3, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x3, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

const byte spriteBackgroundA[] PROGMEM  = {
    0xc0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0xfc, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf,
};
const byte spriteBackgroundB[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x4, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x4, 0x18, 0x20, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x20, 0x18, 0x4, 0x2, 0x2, 0x2, 0x4, 0x18, 0x20, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x20, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xa2, 0x54, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xa2, 0x54, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xa2, 0x54, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xa2, 0x54, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xa2, 0x54, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xa2, 0x54,
};

const byte spriteMoon[] PROGMEM = {
    0xe0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xe, 0x3, 0x1, 0x1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7, 0x1f, 0x3f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0xfc, 0xf8, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x70, 0x78, 0x38, 0x1c, 0x7,
};

const byte spriteStar_0[] PROGMEM  = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
const byte spriteStar_1[] PROGMEM  = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8, 0x1c, 0x8, 0x00, 0x00 };
const byte spriteStar_2[] PROGMEM  = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8, 0x14, 0x8, 0x00, 0x00 };
const byte spriteStar_3[] PROGMEM  = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x8, 0x8, 0x36, 0x8, 0x8, 0x00 };
const byte spriteStar_4[] PROGMEM  = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x8, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x00, 0x8, 0x00 };
const byte *animationFramesStar[] = { spriteStar_0, spriteStar_1, spriteStar_2, spriteStar_3, spriteStar_4 };

const byte spriteUnicorn_0[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x18, 0x8, 0x7c, 0x1c, 0x1c, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x2, 0x3, 0x3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteUnicorn_1[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x30, 0x10, 0x38, 0x78, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x3e, 0x5, 0x6, 0x6, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteUnicorn_2[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0x50, 0x68, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2, 0x3, 0x1, 0xf, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0xf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteUnicornMask_0[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0xa0, 0xd0, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x28, 0x24, 0x74, 0x82, 0x62, 0x22, 0x61, 0x80, 0x7d, 0x4, 0x4, 0x3, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteUnicornMask_1[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x00, 0x20, 0x50, 0x48, 0x28, 0x44, 0x84, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x82, 0x41, 0x3a, 0x9, 0x9, 0x6, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteUnicornMask_2[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0xa8, 0x94, 0x9a, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2, 0x5, 0x4, 0xe, 0x10, 0xc, 0x4, 0xc, 0x10, 0xf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte *animationFramesUnicorn[] = { spriteUnicorn_0, spriteUnicorn_1, spriteUnicorn_2 };
const byte *animationFramesUnicornMask[] = { spriteUnicornMask_0, spriteUnicornMask_1, spriteUnicornMask_2 };

const byte spriteStar[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4, 0x6c, 0x7c, 0x3f, 0x37, 0x7c, 0x6c, 0x4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteStarMask[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4, 0x6a, 0x92, 0x83, 0x40, 0x48, 0x83, 0x92, 0x6a, 0x4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteGhost[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x3f, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x3e, 0x18, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte spriteGhostMask[] PROGMEM  = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x21, 0x4c, 0x40, 0x40, 0x4c, 0x40, 0x41, 0x26, 0x28, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
};
const byte *spritesObject[] = { spriteGhost, spriteStar };
const byte *spritesObjectMask[] = { spriteGhostMask, spriteStarMask };

boolean btnPressed, dpadPressed;

unsigned int counterState, counterBackgroundA, counterBackgroundB = 0;
int scoreBonusDuration = 0;

long score, scoreHI = 0;

Arduboy2 arduboy;
Tinyfont arduboyTinyFont = Tinyfont(arduboy.sBuffer, Arduboy2::width(), Arduboy2::height());

State state = Intro;

Object unicorn, objects[3];
Particle particles[24];
Star stars[9] = {
    { { 2,  13  }, 1 },
    { { 23,  3  }, 4 },
    { { 27,  24 }, 2 },
    { { 42,  7  }, 0 },
    { { 59,  16 }, 4 },
    { { 77,  8  }, 1 },
    { { 92,  21 }, 0 },
    { { 109, 9  }, 3 },
    { { 116, 17 }, 0 }
};

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup() {
  RTC.read(tm);
    arduboy.begin();
    particlesReset();
    statePlayReset();

    scoreHI = EEPROM.read(EEPROM_STORAGE_SPACE_START);
}
void loop() {
    arduboy.clear();
    if (!arduboy.nextFrame()) {
        return;
    }

    if (arduboy.everyXFrames(32)) {
        randomSeed(analogRead(0)); // reset random
    }

    stateUpdate();

    arduboy.display();
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void stateUpdate() {
    counterState = ((counterState + 1) > UINT_MAX) ? 0 : counterState;

    switch (state) {

        case State::Play:
            statePlayUpdate();
            break;

        case State::Over:
            stateOverUpdate();
            break;

        default:
            stateIntroUpdate();
            break;
    }
}
void stateSwitch(State stateNew) {
    counterState = 0;
    counterBackgroundA, counterBackgroundB = 0;

    switch (stateNew) {
        case State::Intro:
            statePlayReset();
            break;
    }

    state = stateNew;
};

// STATE INTRO: -----------------------------------------------------------------------
void stateIntroUpdate() {
    counterState += 1;

    arduboy.drawBitmap(10, 0, spriteLogoA, 50, 58, WHITE);

    arduboyTinyFont.setCursor(15, 60);
    for (byte i = (8 - intLength(scoreHI)); i > 0; i--) {
        arduboyTinyFont.print("0");
    }

    arduboyTinyFont.print(scoreHI);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
arduboy.setCursor(70,15);
arduboy.setTextSize(2);
arduboy.print(tm.Hour);
arduboy.print(":");
arduboy.print(tm.Minute);
arduboy.setCursor(70,40);
arduboy.setTextSize(1);
arduboy.print(tm.Day);
arduboy.write('/');
arduboy.print(tm.Month);
arduboy.write('/');
arduboy.print(tmYearToCalendar(tm.Year));
arduboy.display();

    if ((arduboy.pressed(A_BUTTON) || arduboy.pressed(B_BUTTON)) && !btnPressed) {
            stateSwitch(State::Play);
    }
    btnPressed = (arduboy.pressed(A_BUTTON) || arduboy.pressed(B_BUTTON));
}



// STATE Over: ---------------------------------------------------------------------
void stateOverUpdate() {
    arduboy.setCursor(37, 18);
    arduboy.print("GAME OVER");

    for (byte i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        if (objects[i].type == 0) {
            objectRender(objects[i]);
        }
    }

    unicornRender();
    scoreRender();

    if (arduboy.pressed(B_BUTTON) && !btnPressed) {
        if (score > scoreHI) {
            scoreHI = score;
            EEPROM.update(EEPROM_STORAGE_SPACE_START, scoreHI);
        }

        stateSwitch(State::Intro);
    }
    btnPressed = arduboy.pressed(B_BUTTON);
}

// STATE PLAY: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void statePlayUpdate() {
    counterState += 1;
    
        if (arduboy.pressed(B_BUTTON) && unicorn.action) {
            unicorn.vel.y = -3;
            counterState = 0;
        }
        
    btnPressed = (arduboy.pressed(A_BUTTON) || arduboy.pressed(B_BUTTON));

    backgroundLayerOneRender();
    backgroundLayerTwoRender();
    backgroundLayerThreeRender();

    objectsUpdate();
    unicornUpdate();

    scoreUpdate();
}
void statePlayReset() {
    score = 0;
    scoreBonusDuration = 0;

    unicornSetup();
    objectsSetup();
}


// UNICORN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void unicornSetup() {
    unicorn = { { 48, GROUND_HEIGHT }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 7, 8 }, 0, 7, true };
}
 void unicornUpdate() {

    if (counterState%10 == 0) {
        unicorn.vel.y += 1;
    }

    unicorn.pos.y = min(unicorn.pos.y + unicorn.vel.y, GROUND_HEIGHT);
    unicorn.pos.x = min(unicorn.pos.x + unicorn.vel.x, arduboy.width() - 12);
    unicorn.pos.x = max(unicorn.pos.x + unicorn.vel.x, -4);

    unicorn.box.x = unicorn.pos.x + 4;
    unicorn.box.y = unicorn.pos.y - 9;

    if (unicorn.pos.y >= GROUND_HEIGHT) {
        unicorn.action = true;
        unicorn.vel.y = 0;
    }
    else {
        unicorn.action = false;
    }

    unicornRender();
    particlesRender();
}
void unicornRender() {
    if (unicorn.action) {
        if (arduboy.everyXFrames(6)) {
            unicorn.frame = ((unicorn.frame + 1) > 2) ? 0 : unicorn.frame + 1;
        }
    }
    else {
        unicorn.frame = 0;
    }

    arduboy.drawBitmap(unicorn.pos.x, unicorn.pos.y - 15, animationFramesUnicornMask[unicorn.frame], 16, 16, BLACK);
    arduboy.drawBitmap(unicorn.pos.x, unicorn.pos.y - 15, animationFramesUnicorn[unicorn.frame], 16, 16, WHITE);
}

// OBJECTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void objectsSetup() {
    objects[0] = { { -16, GROUND_HEIGHT }, { -1, 0 }, { 0, 0, 8, 8 }, 0, 0, true };
    objects[1] = { { -16, GROUND_HEIGHT }, { -1, 0 }, { 0, 0, 8, 8 }, 0, 0, true };
    objects[2] = { { -16, 22 },            { -1, 0 }, { 0, 0, 8, 8 }, 0, 1, true };

    for (byte i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        objects[i] = objectReset(objects[i]);
    }
}
void objectsUpdate() {
    for (byte i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        objects[i].pos.x += objects[i].vel.x;
        objects[i].box.x = objects[i].pos.x + 4;
        objects[i].box.y = objects[i].pos.y - 8;

        if (objects[i].pos.x >= -8) {
            Rect boxA = { unicorn.box.x, unicorn.box.y, unicorn.box.width, unicorn.box.height };
            Rect boxB = { objects[i].box.x, objects[i].box.y, objects[i].box.width, objects[i].box.height };

            if (arduboy.collide(boxA, boxB)) {
                if (objects[i].type == 0) {
                    state = State::Over;
                }
                else if (objects[i].type == 1){
                    objects[i] = objectReset(objects[i]);

                    if (scoreBonusDuration <= 0) {
                        particlesReset();
                    }
                    scoreBonusDuration += 50;
                }
            }

            objectRender(objects[i]);
        }
        else {
            objects[i] = objectReset(objects[i]);
        }
    }
}
void objectRender(Object object) {
    arduboy.drawBitmap(object.pos.x, object.pos.y - 15, spritesObjectMask[object.type], 16, 16, BLACK);
    arduboy.drawBitmap(object.pos.x, object.pos.y - 15, spritesObject[object.type], 16, 16, WHITE);
    // arduboy.drawRect(object.box.x, object.box.y, object.box.width, object.box.height, 1); // Collision Box Debug
}
Object objectReset(Object object){
    if (object.type == 0) {
        object.pos.x = arduboy.width() + random(OBSTACLE_DELAY_MIN, OBSTACLE_DELAY_MAX);

        for (byte i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            if (objects[i].type == 0) {
                if (objects[i].pos.x >= arduboy.width()) {
                    if ((rand()%4) > 2) {
                        object.pos.x = objects[i].pos.x + 10;
                        object.pos.y = GROUND_HEIGHT;
                    }
                    else {
                        object.pos.x = objects[i].pos.x + random(OBSTACLE_DELAY_MIN, OBSTACLE_DELAY_MAX);
                        object.pos.y = GROUND_HEIGHT - random(0, 12);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (object.type == 1) {
        object.pos.x = arduboy.width() + random(BONUS_DELAY_MIN, BONUS_DELAY_MAX);
    }

    return object;
}

// BACKGROUND -------------------------------------------------------------------------
void backgroundLayerOneRender() {
    arduboy.drawBitmap(12, 4, spriteMoon, 16, 16, WHITE);

    for (byte i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
        if (arduboy.everyXFrames(8)) {
            stars[i].frame = ((stars[i].frame + 1) > 4) ? 0 : stars[i].frame + 1;
        }

        arduboy.drawBitmap(stars[i].pos.x, stars[i].pos.y, animationFramesStar[stars[i].frame], 8, 8, WHITE);
    }
}
void backgroundLayerTwoRender() {
    if (arduboy.everyXFrames(2)) {
        counterBackgroundA = ((counterBackgroundA + 1) >= 24) ? 0 : counterBackgroundA + 1;
    }

    for (byte i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
        arduboy.drawBitmap(((i * 24) - counterBackgroundA), 28, spriteBackgroundA, 24, 36, WHITE);
    }
}
void backgroundLayerThreeRender() {
    if (arduboy.everyXFrames(1)) {
        counterBackgroundB = ((counterBackgroundB + 1) >= 24) ? 0 : counterBackgroundB + 1;
    }

    for (byte i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
        arduboy.drawBitmap(((i * 24) - counterBackgroundB), 41, spriteBackgroundB, 24, 24, BLACK);
    }
}

// SCORE -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void scoreUpdate() {
    if (arduboy.everyXFrames(16)) {
        scoreBonusDuration = max(0, (scoreBonusDuration - 1));

        if (scoreBonusDuration > 0){
            score += 10;
        }

        score = min(99999999, (score + 1));
    }

    scoreRender();
}
void scoreRender() {
    if (score > scoreHI) {
        arduboyTinyFont.setCursor(77, 4);
        arduboyTinyFont.print("HI");
    }
    else {
        arduboyTinyFont.setCursor(87, 4);
    }

    for (byte i = (8 - intLength(score)); i > 0; i--) {
        arduboyTinyFont.print("0");
    }

    arduboyTinyFont.print(score);
}

// HELPERS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int intLength(int i) {
    int j = 0;

    for(; i; i /= 10) j++;

    return (j == 0) ? 1 : j;
}

void particlesRender() {
    if (scoreBonusDuration <= 0) {
        return;
    }

    for (byte i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
        particles[i].pos.x -= 1;

        if (particles[i].lifeCount > particles[i].life) {
            particles[i].life = 8 + rand()%32;
            particles[i].lifeCount = 0;

            particles[i].pos.y = unicorn.pos.y - 3 + ((rand()%2 > 0) ? (rand()%4 * -1) : rand()%4);
            particles[i].pos.x = unicorn.pos.x + 4;
        }
        else {
            particles[i].lifeCount += 1;
        }

        arduboy.drawPixel(particles[i].pos.x, particles[i].pos.y - 1, 0);
        arduboy.drawPixel(particles[i].pos.x, particles[i].pos.y, 1);
    }
}
void particlesReset() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 24; ++i) {
        particles[i] = { { 0, 0 }, 0 };
    }
};