Published April 6, 2025

Smart Farming Robot

A very use ful farming robot

AdvancedFull instructions provided20 hours190

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino UNO

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

SparkFun Dual H-Bridge motor drivers L298

DC motor (generic)

IR transmitter (generic)

Story

In modern agriculture, integrating technology has become essential to enhance efficiency and ensure the safety of farmers. One notable innovation is the development of pesticide sprinkler robots, which automate the process of spraying pesticides, thereby reducing human exposure to harmful chemicals. This article explores the design, components, functionality, and benefits of a pesticide sprinkler robot, providing a comprehensive guide for those interested in building or understanding such a system.

Introduction to Pesticide Sprinkler Robots

Traditional methods of pesticide application often involve manual spraying, which poses significant health risks to farmers due to direct contact with toxic substances. Additionally, manual spraying can be inconsistent and labor-intensive. To address these challenges, the concept of a pesticide sprinkler robot has been introduced. This robot can operate autonomously or be controlled remotely via a mobile application, ensuring precise and efficient pesticide application while minimizing human involvement.

Key Features of the Pesticide Sprinkler Robot

Dual Operation Modes: The robot can function autonomously, navigating through the fields using sensors, or be manually controlled through a mobile application, offering flexibility based on the user's preference.Techatronic

Dual Operation Modes: The robot can function autonomously, navigating through the fields using sensors, or be manually controlled through a mobile application, offering flexibility based on the user's preference.Techatronic

Multiple Spraying Nozzles: Equipped with six spraying nozzles, the robot ensures comprehensive coverage. These nozzles can be individually controlled wirelessly, allowing for targeted spraying.

Multiple Spraying Nozzles: Equipped with six spraying nozzles, the robot ensures comprehensive coverage. These nozzles can be individually controlled wirelessly, allowing for targeted spraying.

Obstacle Detection: Two infrared (IR) sensors enable the robot to detect crops or obstacles in its path, allowing it to stop or navigate around them, thereby preventing damage to crops and ensuring safety.

Obstacle Detection: Two infrared (IR) sensors enable the robot to detect crops or obstacles in its path, allowing it to stop or navigate around them, thereby preventing damage to crops and ensuring safety.

Robust Mobility: The robot features a six-legged structure, each powered by individual motors. This design allows it to traverse various terrains, including rough and uneven surfaces, ensuring versatility in different farming environments.

Robust Mobility: The robot features a six-legged structure, each powered by individual motors. This design allows it to traverse various terrains, including rough and uneven surfaces, ensuring versatility in different farming environments.

Wireless Communication: Incorporating an HC-05 Bluetooth module, the robot can receive commands from a smartphone, facilitating remote operation and monitoring.

Wireless Communication: Incorporating an HC-05 Bluetooth module, the robot can receive commands from a smartphone, facilitating remote operation and monitoring.

Power Supply: Two powerful 12V lithium-polymer (LiPo) rechargeable batteries provide the necessary energy for the robot's operations, ensuring extended usage without frequent recharging.

Power Supply: Two powerful 12V lithium-polymer (LiPo) rechargeable batteries provide the necessary energy for the robot's operations, ensuring extended usage without frequent recharging.

Modular Design: The spraying system can be detached, allowing the robot to be used for other purposes, such as material transportation within the farm.

Modular Design: The spraying system can be detached, allowing the robot to be used for other purposes, such as material transportation within the farm.

Components and Materials Required

To construct a pesticide sprinkler robot, the following components are essential:

Microcontroller: An Arduino board serves as the brain of the robot, processing inputs from sensors and sending commands to actuators.

Microcontroller: An Arduino board serves as the brain of the robot, processing inputs from sensors and sending commands to actuators.

Bluetooth Module (HC-05): Facilitates wireless communication between the robot and a smartphone, enabling remote control.

Bluetooth Module (HC-05): Facilitates wireless communication between the robot and a smartphone, enabling remote control.

IR Sensors: Used for obstacle detection, allowing the robot to identify and navigate around crops or other impediments.

IR Sensors: Used for obstacle detection, allowing the robot to identify and navigate around crops or other impediments.

DC Motors: Six motors drive the robot's legs, providing mobility across various terrains.

DC Motors: Six motors drive the robot's legs, providing mobility across various terrains.

Motor Driver Modules: Control the power supplied to the motors, enabling precise movement control.

Motor Driver Modules: Control the power supplied to the motors, enabling precise movement control.

Pumps and Nozzles: Two pumps connected to six nozzles handle the spraying of pesticides, ensuring even distribution.

Pumps and Nozzles: Two pumps connected to six nozzles handle the spraying of pesticides, ensuring even distribution.

Power Supply: Two 12V LiPo rechargeable batteries provide the necessary energy for the robot's operations.

Power Supply: Two 12V LiPo rechargeable batteries provide the necessary energy for the robot's operations.

Chassis and Structural Components: Materials such as metal or high-strength plastic are used to construct the robot's frame and legs, ensuring durability and stability.

Chassis and Structural Components: Materials such as metal or high-strength plastic are used to construct the robot's frame and legs, ensuring durability and stability.

How the Pesticide Sprinkler Robot Works

Initialization: Upon powering on, the robot's Bluetooth module becomes discoverable, allowing it to pair with a smartphone.

Initialization: Upon powering on, the robot's Bluetooth module becomes discoverable, allowing it to pair with a smartphone.

Command Reception: The user sends commands from the smartphone application (e.g., forward, backward, spray) via Bluetooth.

Command Reception: The user sends commands from the smartphone application (e.g., forward, backward, spray) via Bluetooth.

Processing Commands: The Arduino microcontroller receives these commands and interprets them to control the robot's movements and spraying mechanisms.

Processing Commands: The Arduino microcontroller receives these commands and interprets them to control the robot's movements and spraying mechanisms.

Mobility Control: Based on the received commands, the motor driver modules adjust the power to the DC motors, facilitating movements such as forward, backward, left, right, and rotational turns.

Mobility Control: Based on the received commands, the motor driver modules adjust the power to the DC motors, facilitating movements such as forward, backward, left, right, and rotational turns.

Obstacle Detection: The IR sensors continuously scan for obstacles. If an obstacle is detected, the robot can autonomously stop or navigate around it to prevent collisions.

Obstacle Detection: The IR sensors continuously scan for obstacles. If an obstacle is detected, the robot can autonomously stop or navigate around it to prevent collisions.

Pesticide Spraying: When a spraying command is received, the pumps activate, directing pesticides through the nozzles. Each nozzle can be controlled individually, allowing for targeted application.

Pesticide Spraying: When a spraying command is received, the pumps activate, directing pesticides through the nozzles. Each nozzle can be controlled individually, allowing for targeted application.

Power Management: The LiPo batteries supply consistent power to all components. The system is designed to monitor battery levels and alert the user when recharging is necessary.

Power Management: The LiPo batteries supply consistent power to all components. The system is designed to monitor battery levels and alert the user when recharging is necessary.

Advantages of Using a Pesticide Sprinkler Robot

Enhanced Safety: By automating the spraying process, farmers are less exposed to harmful pesticides, reducing health risks.

Enhanced Safety: By automating the spraying process, farmers are less exposed to harmful pesticides, reducing health risks.

Increased Efficiency: The robot can cover large areas systematically and uniformly, ensuring consistent pesticide application.

Increased Efficiency: The robot can cover large areas systematically and uniformly, ensuring consistent pesticide application.

Cost-Effective: Although there is an initial investment, the robot reduces the need for manual labor and minimizes pesticide wastage, leading to long-term cost savings.

Cost-Effective: Although there is an initial investment, the robot reduces the need for manual labor and minimizes pesticide wastage, leading to long-term cost savings.

Versatility: The modular design allows the robot to be adapted for various agricultural tasks beyond pesticide spraying, such as fertilization or crop monitoring.

Versatility: The modular design allows the robot to be adapted for various agricultural tasks beyond pesticide spraying, such as fertilization or crop monitoring.

Environmental Benefits: Precise application reduces pesticide runoff, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable farming practices.

Environmental Benefits: Precise application reduces pesticide runoff, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable farming practices.

Challenges and Considerations

While the pesticide sprinkler robot offers numerous benefits, certain challenges must be addressed:

Initial Investment: The cost of components and assembly may be a barrier for some farmers. However, the long-term benefits often outweigh the initial expenses.

Initial Investment: The cost of components and assembly may be a barrier for some farmers. However, the long-term benefits often outweigh the initial expenses.

Technical Expertise: Building and maintaining the robot requires a certain level of technical knowledge. Providing training or support can mitigate this issue.

Technical Expertise: Building and maintaining the robot requires a certain level of technical knowledge. Providing training or support can mitigate this issue.

Terrain Limitations: While designed for various terrains, extremely uneven or muddy fields may pose mobility challenges. Continuous improvements in design can enhance adaptability.

Terrain Limitations: While designed for various terrains, extremely uneven or muddy fields may pose mobility challenges. Continuous improvements in design can enhance adaptability.

Battery Life:

Battery Life:

smart farming robot code

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <Servo.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); // RX, TX
#define SERVO1_PIN 4 // Create Servo object to control a servo
#define SERVO2_PIN 5
// Motor control pins
#define ENA 10
#define ENB 11
#define IN1 6
#define IN2 7
#define IN3 8
#define IN4 9
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;

int angle1 = 90; // Initial angle for Servo 1
int angle2 = 90; //

void setup()
 {

    servo1.attach(SERVO1_PIN);
    servo2.attach(SERVO2_PIN);

  

    servo1.write(angle1);
    servo2.write(angle2);
    Serial.begin(9600);
    mySerial.begin(9600);
    
    pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);
     pinMode(A0, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(A1, OUTPUT);
    stopMotors(); // Ensure motors are stopped initially
    digitalWrite(A0, LOW);
    digitalWrite(A1, LOW);
    delay(200);
      pinMode(A4, INPUT);
      pinMode(A5, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
    digitalWrite(A5, LOW);
 float m = analogRead(A4);
   float n = (m * 5) / 200;
   Serial.println(n);
   if(n<=5)

   {

digitalWrite(A5, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(A5, LOW);
delay(200);

   }
digitalWrite(A0, LOW);
    digitalWrite(A1, LOW);
    if (mySerial.available()) {
        char command = mySerial.read();
        Serial.println(command);
        handleCommand(command);
    }
}

void handleCommand(char command) {
    switch (command) {
        case 'F': moveForward(200); break;
        case 'B': moveBackward(200); break;
        case 'R': turnRight(200); break;
        case 'L': turnLeft(200); break;
        case 'W': moveServos(); break;
        case 'V': upmoveServos(); break;
        default: stopMotors(); break;
    }
}

void moveForward(int speed) {
    analogWrite(ENA, speed);
    analogWrite(ENB, speed);
    digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(A0, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(A1, HIGH);
    delay(100);
}

void moveBackward(int speed) {
    analogWrite(ENA, speed);
    analogWrite(ENB, speed);
    digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(A0, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(A1, HIGH);
    delay(100);
}

void turnRight(int speed) {
    analogWrite(ENA, speed);
    analogWrite(ENB, speed);
    digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(A0, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(A1, HIGH);

}

void turnLeft(int speed) {
    analogWrite(ENA, speed);
    analogWrite(ENB, speed);
    digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(A0, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(A1, HIGH);
}

void stopMotors() {
    analogWrite(ENA, 0);
    analogWrite(ENB, 0);
    digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(A0, LOW);
    digitalWrite(A1, LOW);
}

void moveServos() {
    angle1 = min(angle1 + 10, 180);
    angle2 = max(angle2 - 10, 0);
        servo1.write(angle1);
        servo2.write(angle2);
        delay(200);         
                
    }


    void upmoveServos() {
     angle1 = max(angle1 - 10, 0);
                angle2 = min(angle2 + 10, 180);
                servo1.write(angle1);
        servo2.write(angle2);
        delay(200);         
    }