Building a Four-in-One Arduino Robot

This project demonstrates how to build a four-in-one multifunctional robot using an Arduino Uno. The robot is capable of operating in four different modes:

Line Following

Obstacle Avoidance

Combined Line Following and Obstacle Avoidance

Object Following

By integrating multiple sensors and an L298N motor driver module, this project is a great learning experience for robotics and automation enthusiasts.

Step 1: Circuit Connections

Arduino to L298N Motor Driver

Motor A (Left Wheels) → L298N OUT1 & OUT2

Motor B (Right Wheels) → L298N OUT3 & OUT4

L298N IN1, IN2 → Arduino Digital Pins 5, 6

L298N IN3, IN4 → Arduino Digital Pins 9, 10

L298N VCC → 12V Battery

L298N GND → Common GND with Arduino

L298N 5V Output → Arduino 5V

IR Sensors to Arduino

Left IR Sensor → A0

Right IR Sensor → A1

Additional IR Sensors for obstacle detection → A2, A3

Ultrasonic Sensor to Arduino

Trig Pin → Digital Pin 7

Echo Pin → Digital Pin 8

Servo Motor to Arduino

Signal Pin → Digital Pin 3

VCC → 5V

GND → GND

Step 2: Upload the Code

Use the Arduino IDE to upload the code. Ensure you have installed the NewPing library for ultrasonic sensor functionality.

Key Code Features:

Mode Selection: Line Following, Obstacle Avoidance, Combined Mode, and Object Following.

Motor Control Functions: rotateMotor() handles speed and direction.

Sensor Calibration: Adjust IR sensor sensitivity.

Servo and Ultrasonic Integration: Moves sensor to detect objects dynamically.

Step 3: Testing and Calibration

Calibrate IR Sensors: Ensure they properly detect lines.

Adjust Motor Speed: Modify PWM values if needed.

Battery Considerations: Use a LiPo battery for stable operation.

Fine-tune Ultrasonic Sensor Positioning: Adjust servo angles for better detection.