Battery Powered Weather & Air Quality Monitoring Station

using Microsoft.SPOT;
using Microsoft.SPOT.Hardware;
using Microsoft.SPOT.Net.NetworkInformation;
using SecretLabs.NETMF.Hardware.Netduino;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

using Math = System.Math;

namespace Blinky
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            OutputPort led = new OutputPort(Pins.ONBOARD_LED, false);

            App app = new App();
            app.Run();

            BMP180 bmp180 = new BMP180();
            bmp180.begin();

            Socket serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            IPEndPoint listenerEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 80);
            serverSocket.Bind(listenerEndPoint);
            serverSocket.Listen(1);

            Debug.Print("Waiting for HTTP connections (port 80)");
            while (true)
            {
                var clientSocket = serverSocket.Accept();

                led.Write(true);

                Debug.Print("Got HTTP connection.");

                double temp, pressure;
                unsafe
                {
                    int delay = bmp180.startTemperature();
                    Thread.Sleep(delay);
                    bmp180.getTemperature(&temp);

                    delay = bmp180.startPressure(3);
                    Thread.Sleep(delay);
                    bmp180.getPressure(&pressure, temp);
                }

                double normalizedPressure = bmp180.sealevel(pressure, 350 /* meters */);

                Debug.Print("Temp: " + temp);
                Debug.Print("Absolute Pressure: " + pressure);
                Debug.Print("Normalized (sea level) Pressure: " + normalizedPressure);

                string response = "{\n"
                    + "\t\"temperature\": " + temp + ",\n"
                    + "\t\"absolute pressure\": " + pressure + ",\n"
                    + "\t\"normalized (sea level) pressure\": " + normalizedPressure + "\n"
                    + "}";
                string header = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: " + response.Length.ToString() + "\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
                clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header), header.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response), response.Length, SocketFlags.None);

                Debug.Print("Sent response: " + response);
                led.Write(false);
            }
        }
    }

    public class App
    {
        NetworkInterface[] _interfaces;


        public bool IsRunning { get; set; }

        public void Run()
        {
            this.IsRunning = true;
            bool goodToGo = InitializeNetwork();

            //if (goodToGo)
            //{
            //    MakeWebRequest("http://google.com");
            //}

            this.IsRunning = false;
        }


        protected bool InitializeNetwork()
        {
            if (Microsoft.SPOT.Hardware.SystemInfo.SystemID.SKU == 3)
            {
                Debug.Print("Wireless tests run only on Device");
                return false;
            }

            Debug.Print("Getting all the network interfaces.");
            _interfaces = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();

            // debug output
            ListNetworkInterfaces();

            // loop through each network interface
            foreach (var net in _interfaces)
            {

                // debug out
                ListNetworkInfo(net);

                switch (net.NetworkInterfaceType)
                {
                    case (NetworkInterfaceType.Ethernet):
                        Debug.Print("Found Ethernet Interface");
                        break;
                    case (NetworkInterfaceType.Wireless80211):
                        Debug.Print("Found 802.11 WiFi Interface");
                        break;
                    case (NetworkInterfaceType.Unknown):
                        Debug.Print("Found Unknown Interface");
                        break;
                }

                // check for an IP address, try to get one if it's empty
                return CheckIPAddress(net);
            }

            // if we got here, should be false.
            return false;
        }

        protected void MakeWebRequest(string url)
        {
            var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";

            var httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
            using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpResponse.GetResponseStream()))
            {
                var result = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
                Debug.Print("this is what we got from " + url + ": " + result);
            }
        }


        protected bool CheckIPAddress(NetworkInterface net)
        {
            int timeout = 10000; // timeout, in milliseconds to wait for an IP. 10,000 = 10 seconds

            // check to see if the IP address is empty (0.0.0.0). IPAddress.Any is 0.0.0.0.
            if (net.IPAddress == IPAddress.Any.ToString())
            {
                Debug.Print("No IP Address");

                if (net.IsDhcpEnabled)
                {
                    Debug.Print("DHCP is enabled, attempting to get an IP Address");

                    // ask for an IP address from DHCP [note this is a static, not sure which network interface it would act on]
                    int sleepInterval = 10;
                    int maxIntervalCount = timeout / sleepInterval;
                    int count = 0;
                    while (IPAddress.GetDefaultLocalAddress() == IPAddress.Any && count < maxIntervalCount)
                    {
                        Debug.Print("Sleep while obtaining an IP");
                        Thread.Sleep(10);
                        count++;
                    };

                    // if we got here, we either timed out or got an address, so let's find out.
                    if (net.IPAddress == IPAddress.Any.ToString())
                    {
                        Debug.Print("Failed to get an IP Address in the alotted time.");
                        return false;
                    }

                    Debug.Print("Got IP Address: " + net.IPAddress.ToString());
                    return true;

                    //NOTE: this does not work, even though it's on the actual network device. [shrug]
                    // try to renew the DHCP lease and get a new IP Address
                    //net.RenewDhcpLease ();
                    //while (net.IPAddress == "0.0.0.0") {
                    //	Thread.Sleep (10);
                    //}

                }
                else
                {
                    Debug.Print("DHCP is not enabled, and no IP address is configured, bailing out.");
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Debug.Print("Already had IP Address: " + net.IPAddress.ToString());
                return true;
            }

        }

        protected void ListNetworkInterfaces()
        {
            foreach (var net in _interfaces)
            {
                switch (net.NetworkInterfaceType)
                {
                    case (NetworkInterfaceType.Ethernet):
                        Debug.Print("Found Ethernet Interface");
                        break;
                    case (NetworkInterfaceType.Wireless80211):
                        Debug.Print("Found 802.11 WiFi Interface");
                        break;
                    case (NetworkInterfaceType.Unknown):
                        Debug.Print("Found Unknown Interface");
                        break;

                }
            }
        }

        protected void ListNetworkInfo(NetworkInterface net)
        {
            Debug.Print("MAC Address: " + BytesToHexString(net.PhysicalAddress));
            Debug.Print("DHCP enabled: " + net.IsDhcpEnabled.ToString());
            Debug.Print("Dynamic DNS enabled: " + net.IsDynamicDnsEnabled.ToString());
            Debug.Print("IP Address: " + net.IPAddress.ToString());
            Debug.Print("Subnet Mask: " + net.SubnetMask.ToString());
            Debug.Print("Gateway: " + net.GatewayAddress.ToString());

            if (net is Wireless80211)
            {
                var wifi = net as Wireless80211;
                Debug.Print("SSID:" + wifi.Ssid.ToString());
            }

        }

        private static string BytesToHexString(byte[] bytes)
        {
            string hexString = string.Empty;

            // Create a character array for hexidecimal conversion.
            const string hexChars = "0123456789ABCDEF";

            // Loop through the bytes.
            for (byte b = 0; b < bytes.Length; b++)
            {
                if (b > 0)
                    hexString += "-";

                // Grab the top 4 bits and append the hex equivalent to the return string.        
                hexString += hexChars[bytes[b] >> 4];

                // Mask off the upper 4 bits to get the rest of it.
                hexString += hexChars[bytes[b] & 0x0F];
            }

            return hexString;
        }
    }

    public unsafe class BMP180
    {

        short AC1, AC2, AC3, VB1, VB2, MB, MC, MD;
        ushort AC4, AC5, AC6;
        double c5, c6, mc, md, x0, x1, x2, y0, y1, y2, p0, p1, p2;
        char _error;

        I2CDevice i2cDevice;

        const byte BMP180_ADDR = 0x77; // 7-bit address
        const byte BMP180_REG_CONTROL = 0xF4;
        const byte BMP180_REG_RESULT = 0xF6;
        const byte BMP180_COMMAND_TEMPERATURE = 0x2E;
        const byte BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE0 = 0x34;
        const byte BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE1 = 0x74;
        const byte BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE2 = 0xB4;
        const byte BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE3 = 0xF4;

        public bool begin()
        // Initialize library for subsequent pressure measurements
        {
            double c3, c4, b1;

            // Start up the Arduino's "wire" (I2C) library:

            i2cDevice = new I2CDevice(new I2CDevice.Configuration(BMP180_ADDR, 50));


            //Wire.begin();

            // The BMP180 includes factory calibration data stored on the device.
            // Each device has different numbers, these must be retrieved and
            // used in the calculations when taking pressure measurements.

            // Retrieve calibration data from device:
            fixed (short* ac1 = &AC1, ac2 = &AC2, ac3 = &AC3, vb1 = &VB1, vb2 = &VB2, mb = &MB, mcc = &MC, mdd = &MD)
            {
                fixed (ushort* ac4 = &AC4, ac5 = &AC5, ac6 = &AC6)
                {
                    if (readInt(0xAA, ac1) &&
                        readInt(0xAC, ac2) &&
                        readInt(0xAE, ac3) &&
                        readUInt(0xB0, ac4) &&
                        readUInt(0xB2, ac5) &&
                        readUInt(0xB4, ac6) &&
                        readInt(0xB6, vb1) &&
                        readInt(0xB8, vb2) &&
                        readInt(0xBA, mb) &&
                        readInt(0xBC, mcc) &&
                        readInt(0xBE, mdd))
                    {

                        // All reads completed successfully!

                        // If you need to check your math using known numbers,
                        // you can uncomment one of these examples.
                        // (The correct results are commented in the below functions.)

                        // Example from Bosch datasheet
                        // AC1 = 408; AC2 = -72; AC3 = -14383; AC4 = 32741; AC5 = 32757; AC6 = 23153;
                        // B1 = 6190; B2 = 4; MB = -32768; MC = -8711; MD = 2868;

                        // Example from http://wmrx00.sourceforge.net/Arduino/BMP180-Calcs.pdf
                        // AC1 = 7911; AC2 = -934; AC3 = -14306; AC4 = 31567; AC5 = 25671; AC6 = 18974;
                        // VB1 = 5498; VB2 = 46; MB = -32768; MC = -11075; MD = 2432;

                        /*
                        Serial.print("AC1: "); Serial.println(AC1);
                        Serial.print("AC2: "); Serial.println(AC2);
                        Serial.print("AC3: "); Serial.println(AC3);
                        Serial.print("AC4: "); Serial.println(AC4);
                        Serial.print("AC5: "); Serial.println(AC5);
                        Serial.print("AC6: "); Serial.println(AC6);
                        Serial.print("VB1: "); Serial.println(VB1);
                        Serial.print("VB2: "); Serial.println(VB2);
                        Serial.print("MB: "); Serial.println(MB);
                        Serial.print("MC: "); Serial.println(MC);
                        Serial.print("MD: "); Serial.println(MD);
                        */

                        // Compute floating-point polynominals:

                        c3 = 160.0 * Math.Pow(2, -15) * AC3;
                        c4 = Math.Pow(10, -3) * Math.Pow(2, -15) * AC4;
                        b1 = Math.Pow(160, 2) * Math.Pow(2, -30) * VB1;
                        c5 = (Math.Pow(2, -15) / 160) * AC5;
                        c6 = AC6;
                        mc = (Math.Pow(2, 11) / Math.Pow(160, 2)) * MC;
                        md = MD / 160.0;
                        x0 = AC1;
                        x1 = 160.0 * Math.Pow(2, -13) * AC2;
                        x2 = Math.Pow(160, 2) * Math.Pow(2, -25) * VB2;
                        y0 = c4 * Math.Pow(2, 15);
                        y1 = c4 * c3;
                        y2 = c4 * b1;
                        p0 = (3791.0 - 8.0) / 1600.0;
                        p1 = 1.0 - 7357.0 * Math.Pow(2, -20);
                        p2 = 3038.0 * 100.0 * Math.Pow(2, -36);

                        /*
                        Serial.println();
                        Serial.print("c3: "); Serial.println(c3);
                        Serial.print("c4: "); Serial.println(c4);
                        Serial.print("c5: "); Serial.println(c5);
                        Serial.print("c6: "); Serial.println(c6);
                        Serial.print("b1: "); Serial.println(b1);
                        Serial.print("mc: "); Serial.println(mc);
                        Serial.print("md: "); Serial.println(md);
                        Serial.print("x0: "); Serial.println(x0);
                        Serial.print("x1: "); Serial.println(x1);
                        Serial.print("x2: "); Serial.println(x2);
                        Serial.print("y0: "); Serial.println(y0);
                        Serial.print("y1: "); Serial.println(y1);
                        Serial.print("y2: "); Serial.println(y2);
                        Serial.print("p0: "); Serial.println(p0);
                        Serial.print("p1: "); Serial.println(p1);
                        Serial.print("p2: "); Serial.println(p2);
                        */

                        // Success!
                        return true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Error reading calibration data; bad component or connection?
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }


        bool readInt(byte address, short* value)
        // Read a signed integer (two bytes) from device
        // address: register to start reading (plus subsequent register)
        // value: external variable to store data (function modifies value)
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[2];

            data[0] = address;
            if (readBytes(data, 2))
            {
                *value = (short)(((short)data[0] << 8) | (short)data[1]);
                //if (*value & 0x8000) *value |= 0xFFFF0000; // sign extend if negative
                return true;
            }
            *value = 0;
            return false;
        }


        bool readUInt(byte address, ushort* value)
        // Read an unsigned integer (two bytes) from device
        // address: register to start reading (plus subsequent register)
        // value: external variable to store data (function modifies value)
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[2];

            data[0] = address;
            if (readBytes(data, 2))
            {
                *value = (ushort)(((ushort)data[0] << 8) | (ushort)data[1]);
                return true;
            }
            *value = 0;
            return false;
        }


        bool readBytes(byte[] values, byte length)
        // Read an array of bytes from device
        // values: external array to hold data. Put starting register in values[0].
        // length: number of bytes to read
        {
            char x;

            // write the address
            int bytesWritten = i2cDevice.Execute(new I2CDevice.I2CTransaction[] {
                I2CDevice.CreateWriteTransaction(new byte[] { values[0] })
            }, 100);

            if (bytesWritten > 0)
            {
                int bytesRead = i2cDevice.Execute(new I2CDevice.I2CTransaction[] {
                    I2CDevice.CreateReadTransaction(values)
                }, 100);

                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }


        bool writeBytes(byte[] values, byte length)
        // Write an array of bytes to device
        // values: external array of data to write. Put starting register in values[0].
        // length: number of bytes to write
        {
            char x;

            int bytesWritten = i2cDevice.Execute(new I2CDevice.I2CTransaction[] {
                I2CDevice.CreateWriteTransaction(values)
            }, 100);

            if (bytesWritten > 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }


        public int startTemperature()
        // Begin a temperature reading.
        // Will return delay in ms to wait, or 0 if I2C error
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[2];
            bool result;

            data[0] = BMP180_REG_CONTROL;
            data[1] = BMP180_COMMAND_TEMPERATURE;
            result = writeBytes(data, 2);
            if (result) // good write?
                return (5); // return the delay in ms (rounded up) to wait before retrieving data
            else
                return (0); // or return 0 if there was a problem communicating with the BMP
        }


        public bool getTemperature(double* T)
        // Retrieve a previously-started temperature reading.
        // Requires begin() to be called once prior to retrieve calibration parameters.
        // Requires startTemperature() to have been called prior and sufficient time elapsed.
        // T: external variable to hold result.
        // Returns 1 if successful, 0 if I2C error.
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[2];
            bool result;
            double tu, a;

            data[0] = BMP180_REG_RESULT;

            result = readBytes(data, 2);
            if (result) // good read, calculate temperature
            {
                tu = (data[0] * 256.0) + data[1];

                //example from Bosch datasheet
                //tu = 27898;

                //example from http://wmrx00.sourceforge.net/Arduino/BMP085-Calcs.pdf
                //tu = 0x69EC;

                a = c5 * (tu - c6);
                *T = a + (mc / (a + md));

                /*
                Serial.println();
                Serial.print("tu: "); Serial.println(tu);
                Serial.print("a: "); Serial.println(a);
                Serial.print("T: "); Serial.println(*T);
                */
            }
            return (result);
        }


        public byte startPressure(byte oversampling)
        // Begin a pressure reading.
        // Oversampling: 0 to 3, higher numbers are slower, higher-res outputs.
        // Will return delay in ms to wait, or 0 if I2C error.
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[2];
            bool result;
            byte delay;

            data[0] = BMP180_REG_CONTROL;

            switch (oversampling)
            {
                case 0:
                    data[1] = BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE0;
                    delay = 5;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    data[1] = BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE1;
                    delay = 8;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    data[1] = BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE2;
                    delay = 14;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    data[1] = BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE3;
                    delay = 26;
                    break;
                default:
                    data[1] = BMP180_COMMAND_PRESSURE0;
                    delay = 5;
                    break;
            }
            result = writeBytes(data, 2);
            if (result) // good write?
                return (delay); // return the delay in ms (rounded up) to wait before retrieving data
            else
                return (0); // or return 0 if there was a problem communicating with the BMP
        }


        public bool getPressure(double* P, double T)
        // Retrieve a previously started pressure reading, calculate abolute pressure in mbars.
        // Requires begin() to be called once prior to retrieve calibration parameters.
        // Requires startPressure() to have been called prior and sufficient time elapsed.
        // Requires recent temperature reading to accurately calculate pressure.

        // P: external variable to hold pressure.
        // T: previously-calculated temperature.
        // Returns 1 for success, 0 for I2C error.

        // Note that calculated pressure value is absolute mbars, to compensate for altitude call sealevel().
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[3];
            bool result;
            double pu, s, x, y, z;

            data[0] = BMP180_REG_RESULT;

            result = readBytes(data, 3);
            if (result) // good read, calculate pressure
            {
                pu = (data[0] * 256.0) + data[1] + (data[2] / 256.0);

                //example from Bosch datasheet
                //pu = 23843;

                //example from http://wmrx00.sourceforge.net/Arduino/BMP085-Calcs.pdf, pu = 0x982FC0;
                //pu = (0x98 * 256.0) + 0x2F + (0xC0/256.0);

                s = T - 25.0;
                x = (x2 * Math.Pow(s, 2)) + (x1 * s) + x0;
                y = (y2 * Math.Pow(s, 2)) + (y1 * s) + y0;
                z = (pu - x) / y;
                *P = (p2 * Math.Pow(z, 2)) + (p1 * z) + p0;

                /*
                Serial.println();
                Serial.print("pu: "); Serial.println(pu);
                Serial.print("T: "); Serial.println(*T);
                Serial.print("s: "); Serial.println(s);
                Serial.print("x: "); Serial.println(x);
                Serial.print("y: "); Serial.println(y);
                Serial.print("z: "); Serial.println(z);
                Serial.print("P: "); Serial.println(*P);
                */
            }
            return (result);
        }


        public double sealevel(double P, double A)
        // Given a pressure P (mb) taken at a specific altitude (meters),
        // return the equivalent pressure (mb) at sea level.
        // This produces pressure readings that can be used for weather measurements.
        {
            return (P / Math.Pow(1 - (A / 44330.0), 5.255));
        }


        public double altitude(double P, double P0)
        // Given a pressure measurement P (mb) and the pressure at a baseline P0 (mb),
        // return altitude (meters) above baseline.
        {
            return (44330.0 * (1 - Math.Pow(P / P0, 1 / 5.255)));
        }


        public char getError()
        // If any library command fails, you can retrieve an extended
        // error code using this command. Errors are from the wire library:
        // 0 = Success
        // 1 = Data too long to fit in transmit buffer
        // 2 = Received NACK on transmit of address
        // 3 = Received NACK on transmit of data
        // 4 = Other error
        {
            return (_error);
        }
    }
}