Published January 18, 2023 © Apache-2.0

Feed The Machine

Data Acquisition tools for Edge Impulse on ESP32 in MicroPython, to make better ML Models

IntermediateFull instructions provided2 hours228

Things used in this project

Hardware components

DFRobot FireBeetle ESP32 IOT Microcontroller (Supports Wi-Fi & Bluetooth)

Adafruit Waterproof DS18B20 Digital temperature sensor

Resistor 4.75k ohm

Software apps and online services

Edge Impulse Studio

MicroPython

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Breadboard, 400 Pin

Story

So you want to build a cool -AI- ML thing, but you don't have all day to sit and make data samples for you model. Well, automate that thing my friend.

I made this so that I could get better data into my model in Edge Impulse. I connected it to a temperature sensor for the example code in the Github repository, but that serves as an example and the EdgeImpulse.py module can be used on its own in your project with your sensors.

Get the code

In a fresh directory drop this command:

git clone https://github.com/cameronbunce/ESP32-Edge-Impulse.git

Edge Impulse

You'll need to create an Edge Impulse account at and clone my project for starters ( or feel free to make your own if you're already familiar with Edge Impulse). With your own project, you'll get your own keys for the API. From the Project main page click on Keys at the top. Click on "Add New API Keys" on the right side. Give this a silly name, and select the role of "Ingestion" click "Create" and copy this key. Paste this key into your local copy of secret_stub.py and save it as secret.py, and go back to the APi page for the HMAC key below the API key. This also goes in the new secret file you made, it is for signing your uploads to the API.

Hardware Setup

Begin with a generic ESP32, and a breadboard, perfboard, or a custom PCB if you're fancy. Connect the DS18B20 sensor to Vcc and Gnd, and data on ESP32 Pin 2 with a 4.7k Ohm resister pull-up. You can change this, but Pin 2 is used in the code here. We'll look at where you might change that below.

Software Setup

I updated Python3 for the latest Pip3 version and pulled down esptool.py and adafruit-ampy. You may also want Thonny or Mu if you don't have something similar.

pip3 install esptool
pip3 install adafruit-ampy

I'm using a nightly build of MicroPython from https://micropython.org/download/esp32/ because it has a built in package manager, which we will use. The file I use in this is esp32-20221220-unstable-v1.19.1-782-g699477d12.bin but a newer one may be available.

We begin by clearing the board, my Mac calls my device tty.usbserial-0001, but yours may vary. Check this by the terminal with `ls /dev | grep tty` before and after connecting your board.

esptool.py --chip esp32 -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 erase_flash

Then we write the firmware for MicroPython to the device.

esptool.py --chip esp32 -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 --baud 460800 write_flash -z 0x1000 esp32-20221220-unstable-v1.19.1-782-g699477d12.bin

Now we need to get online. You could bang all the commands into the Mu REPL window, and that's a good way to learn, but there's one thing we can do here to make the future easier for us. If you started filling in your secret.py file above, you're going to fill the rest in now. Otherwise, right now we need the ssid and password part in a file called secret.py and loaded on the ESP32. So make your secret.py file and fill in at least:

ssid = "MySSID"
password = "Sup3r5ecr3tP4ssword"

And use ampy to get that file to the board

ampy -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 put /path/to/secret.py

Now in Mu you can paste the following in a tab, open the REPL, and press run. Your ESP32 will use the SSID and Password stored int he secret file to connect to your home network, it will then use that connection to pull down the HMAC library using mip, which is the Micropython version of pip. HMAC is the library that we'll use to sign the message we upload to Edge Impulse.

import network, mip, secret
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
   wlan.connect(secret.ssid, secret.password)
   while not wlan.isconnected():
      pass
mip.install('hmac')

With your complete secret.py file, and your DS18B20 sensor(s) connected on Pin 2, take a look at EdgeImpluse_DS18B20_example.py in the Tests and Examples folder. At line 16 we see the following.

import json, time, hmac, hashlib
import ubinascii, network, ds18x20, onewire, secret
import urequests as requests
from machine import Pin, WDT

debug = True
SensorPin = 2 # a DS18B20 attached on pin 2

If you used a different pin, you can SensorPin to the pin you used. Debug messages will print to the serial interface, so you can watch for any trouble uploading that way. With that set, we'll put it on the board, but rename it main.py for the board to run.

ampy -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 put EdgeImpluse_DS18B20_example.py main.py

Once finished ( `ampy... put...` takes ~16s for me ) you can open the REPL in Mu and watch the debug messages come across. A sample is 10 readings, 10 seconds apart, and the upload takes a little time as well, so a cycle is in the neighborhood of 2 minutes for the program to run. It does not loop.

If your upload doesn't throw errors, and the data shows up in Edge Impulse, then you're ready to dig in with the main directory of the repo.

LongRunning.py uses deep sleep on the ESP32 to save battery and take readings spaced out over a whole day if needed. Let's look at where to find the controls for those periods.

interval = 600000 # 10 minutes
SensorPin = 2
ReadingBatch = 145 # 24 hours of readings with interval = 10 minutes being 144

The SensorPin is just like before, but there is no debug? We write any important messages to the flash on the ESP32. When we put the processor in Deep Sleep, we have to make sure any information we need is in flash, so the sensor readings and the messages ( "SSID Not Found" or any non-200 response from the API ) are written to files before we go to sleep. They are craftily called message.txt and values.json and should allow us to upload data even if we run out of battery in the field or pull power.

ampy -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 put DS18B20Reader.py
ampy -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 put EdgeImpulse.py
ampy -p /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 put LongRunning.py main.py

A word of note: ESP32 devices in deep sleep are really unresponsive.

If you need to interrupt the program to recover it you will want to keep it from returning to main.py, so put the following code in Mu or Thonny and restart the device. Press Control-C to break out to the REPL, and then run this:

import os
os.remove("main.py")

You can then check the messages and see what's happening and update as necessary. Other troubleshooting and my whole process to this point is available in the DevLog.md file.

You now have an automatic data feeding machine to build better ML models. Use your powers for awesome.

Code

import secret, DS18B20Reader, EdgeImpulse
from machine import deepsleep

interval = 600000 # 10 minutes
SensorPin = 2
ReadingBatch = 145 # 24 hours of readings based on an interval of 10 minutes being 144

mysensors = DS18B20Reader.DS18B20Reader(SensorPin)
mysensors.initializeValues()
if mysensors.readCount() < ReadingBatch:
    mysensors.updateValues()
else:
    myAPI = EdgeImpulse.EIAPI(secret.api_key, secret.hmac_key, secret.ssid, secret.password)

    for sensor in mysensors.getSensors():
        if myAPI.sendValues(mysensors.getValues(sensor), interval):
            mysensors.clearValues(sensor)
        else:
            print(myAPI.getMessage())
            mysensors.updateValues()
deepsleep(interval)

        import time, json, hmac, urequests, hashlib

        # empty signature (all zeros). HS256 gives 32 byte signature, and we encode in hex, so we need 64 characters here
        emptySignature = ''.join(['0'] * 64)
        data = {
            "protected": {
                "ver": "v1",
                "alg": "HS256",
                "iat": time.time() # epoch time, seconds since poweron
            },
            "signature": emptySignature,
            "payload": {
                "device_name": self.mac,
                "device_type": "ESP32-DS18B20",
                "interval_ms": interval_ms,
                "sensors": [
                    { "name": "Temperature", "units": "Celsius" }
                ],
                "values": values
            }
        }
        encoded = json.dumps(data)
        # create signature based on blank signature field
        signature = hmac.new(bytes(self.hmac, 'utf-8'), msg = encoded.encode('utf-8'), digestmod = hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()

        # update signature field to sign the message
        data['signature'] = signature
        res = urequests.post(url='https://ingestion.edgeimpulse.com/api/training/data',
                            data=encoded,
                            headers={
                                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                                'x-file-name': 'DS18B20Long',
                                'x-api-key': self.api
                            })
        if (res.status_code == 200):
            return True
        else:
            self.__addMessage(res.content)
            return False

Credits

cameronbunce

2 projects • 3 followers

Feed The Machine

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Get the code

Edge Impulse

Hardware Setup

Software Setup

Schematics

Wiring Diagram

Code

LongRunning.py

pack and ship function

ESP Edge Impulse

Credits

cameronbunce

Comments

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Feed The Machine

Feed The Machine

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Get the code

Edge Impulse

Hardware Setup

Software Setup

Schematics

Wiring Diagram

Code

LongRunning.py

pack and ship function

ESP Edge Impulse

Credits

cameronbunce

Comments

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