Published February 22, 2023 © CC BY-ND

Arduino Skeleton Seven-Segment Clock

Let's build a new Style clock using Arduino and PCB

IntermediateFull instructions provided10 hours733

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino Nano R3

Real Time Clock (RTC)

0805 led

1k resistor 0805

3v battery

tp 4056

CUSTOM PCB from JLCPCB

Battery, 3.7 V

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Autodesk Tinkercad

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

Hot glue gun (generic)

3D Printer (generic)

Hot Plate, 800 W

Story

If you are a regular follower of mine, then you might have seen my clock-making tutorials. These are clocks of different types and styles that I have made. in this tutorial also I am showing how to build a clock but this one has to be a unique design. So After thinking, searching and designing, I came up with a new skeleton design, the projected structure looks similar to the skeleton that’s why I am calling skeleton clock. The main clock structure was made by carving the PCB. I think it is beautiful. now let’s see how I made this. Let’s get started!

To show the time, we need displays, and the best DIY display is a 7-segment display. we can build seven-segment displays very easily and with different styles. So here I am going to use 7 LEDs to make the 7-segment display.

Circuit Diagram of skeleton Clock

I used EasyEDA to design my circuit and PCB. Here is the circuit diagram, the circuit has a total of 30 LEDs, that is we need four seven-segment digits and two leads to show the time. Two LEDs also act as the separator between the 4 digits. Here, I am using an Arduino Nano as the brain of the circuit and also included a DS1307 RTC IC to save time. The other components are crystals and resistors. in this circuit also I added 3 push buttons for setting the time.

Components Needed for Making Skelton Clock

Arduino nano - 1 nos
DS1307 RTC ic -1 nos
32.768Khz crystal- 1 nos
LEDs 0805- 30 nos
resistors 1k 0805- 7 nos
resistors 10k 0805- 5nos
coin cell battery 3v - 1 nos
coin cell battery holder- 1 nos
push buttons - 3 nos
on/off switch - 1 nos
female header pins 40 pin- 1 nos
3.7volt battery- 1 nos
TP4056 charger module- 1 nos
printed PCB -1 nos
3D printed part

PCB Designing

To build the skeletal structure we have to convert this circuit into a PCB. Next, I converted the circuit diagram into a PCB. I arranged the LEDs in a seven-segment shape and designed the PCB like this. Then, I generated and downloaded the Gerber file for PCB fabrication.

2D view of Skelton Clock

3D view of Skelton Clock

PCB Fabrication

To fabricate the PCBs, I went to JLCPCB.com.JLCPCB offers only $2 for 5 PCBs and their PCB assembly starts from zero dollars. Ordering PCB in JLCPCBis very easy. To order, just click on "Order Now" and select your Gerber file. After that, you can select the colour, thickness, quantity, etc. Here, I choose the black colour. You can choose your favourite PCB colour from plenty of options. Finally, I selected the shipping method and placed the order.

Fabricated PCBs

After two weeks, I received the PCBs from JLCPCB. The PCB quality was excellent, as expected. I love the quality of PCBs made by jlcpcb.com. check out jlcpcb to get high-quality PCB service at a low cost.

PCB Assembly

Now, let's solder the components to the PCB. Let's start with the SMD components. To solder SMD components, we have lots of options like hotgun method, the reflow method, the oven method and the normal soldering method etc. you will not get good finishing if you solder SMD components using a soldering iron. Hot air is a better option but components alignment may be changed by the airflow. The best way is to use a reflow oven or reflow hot plate. I am going to use the reflow method. For that, I applied the solder paste to the pads using the syringe. Next, I placed the components Using an ESD Tweezer, one by one.

Hotplate Reflow

After that, I placed the populated PCB on the hot plate and cooked the PCB. I repeated the same steps for the LEDs and finished the SMD soldering.

Now, I placed and soldered other THT components. first I placed the RTC crystal and soldered after that I soldered the female 2.54 pitched header pins for Arduino and the battery holder. I connected the switches through wires and soldered them to the pad. after the soldering job, our PCBs look something like this.

Arduino Programming of Skelton Clock

here I am explaining the code structure and you can download the complete code from below

#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"

first I included the necessary header files for easy coding. I added the RTClib library for rtc communication and the Wire library for I2C communication you can download these libraries from Arduino ide just follow this path sketch-include libraries-manage libraries

int digit1 = 11; //PWM Display pin 12 (digit1 is common anonds A1 from right side)
int digit2 = 10; //PWM Display pin 9 (digit2 is  common A2)
int digit3 = 9; //PWM Display pin 8 (digit3 is common anods A3)
int digit4 = 6; //PWM Display pin 6 (digit4 is common anods, from left side)
int segA = 2; //Display pin 11
int segB = 3; //Display pin 7
int segC = 4; //Display pin 4
int segD = 5; //Display pin 2
int segE = 12; //Display pin 1
int segF = 7; //Display pin 10
int segG = 8; //Display pin 5
int segDP = 13; // Display pin 3
int pin = 1;
RTC_DS1307 RTC;
byte SW0 = A0;
byte SW1 = A1;
byte SW2 = A2;

then I defined the pins for each segment and buttons also defined the RTC module.

Wire.begin();
 RTC.begin();

 pinMode(segA, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(segB, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(segC, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(segD, OUTPUT);

in the setup section, I started the i2c communication and rtc communication and also declared the pins are segment pins as output and button pins are input.

DateTime now = RTC.now();
int timp = now.hour()*100+now.minute();

in the loop section first I read the rtc data and send it to the display. also, I used switch statements to display each digit. that's it.

Now, let's connect the Arduino to the computer and upload the clock code. Here is the code. You can download the code and circuit diagram from my website. Links are given in the description. After uploading the code, you can see it working.

3D Printed Enclosure

Now, the final step is to add an enclosure to the clock circuit. So, I designed a case in TinkerCAD and 3D printed it using my Ender 3V2. after printing the enclosure I placed the PCB inside the enclosure and I attached the switches to the corresponding holes.

download the 3d file from here

So, that's all about how I made this new style of skeleton clock. I hope you enjoyed it and learned something new from this tutorial. thank you

Complete making video

Schematics

Code

code

// LAST UPDATION JAN 2023
//www.esclabs.in




int digit1 = 11; //PWM Display pin 12 (digit1 is common anonds A1 from right side)
int digit2 = 10; //PWM Display pin 9 (digit2 is  common A2)
int digit3 = 9; //PWM Display pin 8 (digit3 is common anods A3)
int digit4 = 6; //PWM Display pin 6 (digit4 is common anods, from left side)
int segA = 2; //Display pin 11
int segB = 3; //Display pin 7
int segC = 4; //Display pin 4
int segD = 5; //Display pin 2
int segE = 12; //Display pin 1
int segF = 7; //Display pin 10
int segG = 8; //Display pin 5
int segDP = 13; // Display pin 3
int pin = 1;
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
RTC_DS1307 RTC;
byte SW0 = A0;
byte SW1 = A1;
byte SW2 = A2;

// use for hexa in zecimal conversion
int zh, uh, ore;
int zm, um, miniti;

void setup() {
  
 //  Serial.begin(57600);
  Wire.begin();
  RTC.begin();
// RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
// if you need set clock... just remove // from line above this

// part code for flashing LED
Wire.beginTransmission(0x68);
Wire.write(0x07); // move pointer to SQW address
// Wire.write(0x00); // turns the SQW pin off
 Wire.write(0x10); // sends 0x10 (hex) 00010000 (binary) to control register - turns on square wave at 1Hz
// Wire.write(0x13); // sends 0x13 (hex) 00010011 (binary) 32kHz

Wire.endTransmission();

  if (! RTC.isrunning()) {
    Serial.println("RTC is NOT running!");
    // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
    RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
  }
  
  
// dht.begin();

  pinMode(segA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segB, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segC, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segD, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segE, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segF, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segG, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segDP, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(digit1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit4, OUTPUT);
  
//  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

// Serial.begin(9600);
 //Serial.println("test for niq_ro");

 pinMode(SW0, INPUT);  // for this use a slide switch
  pinMode(SW1, INPUT);  // N.O. push button switch
  pinMode(SW2, INPUT);  // N.O. push button switch

  digitalWrite(SW0, HIGH); // pull-ups on
  digitalWrite(SW1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SW2, HIGH);



}

void loop() {

  DateTime now = RTC.now();
  int timp = now.hour()*100+now.minute();
//   int timp = (now.minute(), DEC);
//   displayNumber(12); // this is number to diplay
//   int timp = 1234;
// Serial.print(now.hour(), DEC);
 // Serial.print(":");
 // Serial.print(now.minute(), DEC);
 // Serial.print(" -> ");
 // Serial.print(timp);
 // Serial.println(" !");

// display parts   
   for(int i = 250 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     if (timp >= 1000) displayNumber01(timp); 
     else displayNumber02(timp); 
   } 

   for(int i = 250 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     if (timp >= 1000) displayNumber03(timp); 
     else displayNumber04(timp); 
   } 

  if (!(digitalRead(SW0))) set_time(); // hold the switch to set time
  //blinking
 
} 


void set_time()   {
  byte minutes1 = 0;
  byte hours1 = 0;
  byte minutes = 0;
  byte hours = 0;

  while (!digitalRead(SW0))  // set time switch must be released to exit
  {
    minutes1=minutes;
    hours1=hours;
    
     
    while (!digitalRead(SW1)) // set minutes
    { 
     minutes++;  
   // converting hexa in zecimal:
    zh = hours / 16;
    uh = hours - 16 * zh ;
    ore = 10 * zh + uh; 
    zm = minutes / 16;
    um = minutes - 16 * zm ;
    miniti = 10 * zm + um; 
    
     for(int i = 20 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     displayNumber01(ore*100+miniti); 
     }

      
      if ((minutes & 0x0f) > 9) minutes = minutes + 6;
      if (minutes > 0x59) minutes = 0;
    //  Serial.print("Minutes = ");
      if (minutes >= 9) Serial.print("0");
    //  Serial.println(minutes, HEX);
    delay(150);    
    }

    while (!digitalRead(SW2)) // set hours
    { 
     hours++;          
     
   // converting hexa in zecimal:
    zh = hours / 16;
    uh = hours - 16 * zh ;
    ore = 10 * zh + uh; 
    zm = minutes / 16;
    um = minutes - 16 * zm ;
    miniti = 10 * zm + um; 
    
     for(int i = 20 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     displayNumber01(ore*100+miniti); 
     }
   
      
      if ((hours & 0x0f) > 9) hours =  hours + 6;
      if (hours > 0x23) hours = 0;
  //    Serial.print("Hours = ");
      if (hours <= 9) Serial.print("0");
      Serial.println(hours, HEX);
    delay(150);
    }

    Wire.beginTransmission(0x68); // activate DS1307
    Wire.write(0); // where to begin
    Wire.write(0x00);          //seconds
    Wire.write(minutes);          //minutes
    Wire.write(0x80 | hours);    //hours (24hr time)
    Wire.write(0x06);  // Day 01-07
    Wire.write(0x01);  // Date 0-31
    Wire.write(0x05);  // month 0-12
    Wire.write(0x09);  // Year 00-99
    Wire.write(0x10); // Control 0x10 produces a 1 HZ square wave on pin 7. 
    Wire.endTransmission();
  
    // converting hexa in zecimal:
    zh = hours / 16;
    uh = hours - 16 * zh ;
    ore = 10 * zh + uh; 
    zm = minutes / 16;
    um = minutes - 16 * zm ;
    miniti = 10 * zm + um; 
    
     for(int i = 20 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     displayNumber01(ore*100+miniti); 
     }
 //  delay(150);
    
  }
  
}



void displayNumber01(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500

#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW

  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {

    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
    toDisplay /= 10;
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
}
} 

void displayNumber02(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500

#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW

  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {

    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     lightNumber(10); 
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
    toDisplay /= 10;
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
}
} 

void displayNumber03(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500

#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW

  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {

    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
    toDisplay /= 10;
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
}
} 

void displayNumber04(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500

#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW

  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {

    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     lightNumber(10); 
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
    toDisplay /= 10;
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
}
} 


//Given a number, turns on those segments
//If number == 10, then turn off number
void lightNumber(int numberToDisplay) {

#define SEGMENT_ON  LOW
#define SEGMENT_OFF HIGH

  switch (numberToDisplay){

  case 0:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 1:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 2:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 3:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 4:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 5:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 6:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 7:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 8:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 9:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  // all segment are ON
  case 10:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;
  
  }
}

Credits

edison science corner

57 projects • 70 followers

Electronic enthusiast watch videos from here https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVcOsUBmH4hzVSnmJA_i5SA

Arduino Skeleton Seven-Segment Clock

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Circuit Diagram of skeleton Clock

Components Needed for Making Skelton Clock

PCB Designing

2D view of Skelton Clock

3D view of Skelton Clock

Fabricated PCBs

PCB Assembly

Hotplate Reflow

Arduino Programming of Skelton Clock

3D Printed Enclosure

Complete making video

Custom parts and enclosures

stl files

stl files

Schematics

circuit diagram

circuit diagram

Code

code

Credits

edison science corner

Comments

Embed the widget on your own site

Arduino Skeleton Seven-Segment Clock

Arduino Skeleton Seven-Segment Clock

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Circuit Diagram of skeleton Clock

Components Needed for Making Skelton Clock

PCB Designing

2D view of Skelton Clock

3D view of Skelton Clock

Fabricated PCBs

PCB Assembly

Hotplate Reflow

Arduino Programming of Skelton Clock

3D Printed Enclosure

Complete making video

Custom parts and enclosures

stl files

stl files

Schematics

circuit diagram

circuit diagram

Code

code

Credits

edison science corner

Comments

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