#My problem: How to make targeted ventilation scientifically
#My solution: CO2 Monitoring machine with Wio terminal
#Conclusion

Published December 2, 2022 © MIT

CO2 monitoring with Wio terminal

Wio Terminal with a CO2 sensor to measure the indoor air quality and remind to ventilate the room.

BeginnerFull instructions provided1 hour477

Things used in this project

Hardware components

SenseCAP K1100 - The Sensor Prototype Kit with LoRa® and AI, Supports SenseCraft

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Story

This device provides support for reminding indoor ventilation.

#My problem: How to make targeted ventilation scientifically?

Cold winter is coming, we always close our doors and windows to form a closed environment to block the entry of cold outside air. As we inhale the oxygen in the air and exhale the carbon dioxide(CO2) produced in the body, the oxygen in the room is not replenished, so the concentration of CO2 is getting higher and higher.

What are the long-term effects of high carbon dioxide levels on the human body?

High CO2 values reduce the staff's attention and working behavior, which is one of the reasons why you will always feel sleepy in winter. Therefore, targeted ventilation helps us to stop creeping fatigue processes at the office, especially during the covid-19 period, we need to pay high attention to air quality and ventilation.

Carbon dioxide concentration standard:

How much PPM is harmful to the human body?

The human body is very sensitive to the increase of CO2 in the air, and every 0.5% increase in the carbon dioxide content will cause obvious reactions in the human body. If we are in a room with too much CO2 for a short period of time, CO2 will have the following effects on our bodies:

See the attached Picture:

Therefore, from the chart, we can clearly see that we will feel comfortable when the indoor CO2 concentration is below 700 ppm. Knowing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is very useful for our work and life. We would like to take the initiative to make regular operations a little safer in Corona times and appreciate climate protection at the same time.

#My solution: CO2 Monitoring machine with Wio terminal

SenseCAP K1100 is an open-source prototype kit designed to incentivize the co-creation of IoT sensors to tackle real-world challenges. It is compatible with easy-to-start programming platforms like Arduino for customized coding. In addition, users can also train the Wio Terminal TinyML models using in-builds and Grove sensors.

Hence we choose Wio terminal and Grove CO2 Sensor for this project.

To install the firmware for the Grove CO2 Sensor (SCD30):

· Step 1. Download the SenseCraft latest firmware from Github.

· Step 2. Connect Grove CO2 Sensor with Wio terminal.

· Step 3. Uplink：Network connectivity

After that, we can read the CO2 data on the wio terminal to determine whether can we open the door for ventilation at the moment. Unfortunately, I didn't get a buzzer this time as it's out of stock currently. For the upgraded version, I want to connect it with my wio terminal, if CO2 has over 700 PPM, then it will make some noise to remind us to make ventilation.

#Conclusion

It is a really wonderful thing to learn artificial intelligence and apply it in our real life.

For me, I'm really happy to get CO2 monitoring machine for my ventilation program. I am so glad to work in an environment with an atmosphere of smart technology. My future plan is to learn more knowledge about Edge Impulse and use Arduino IDE to program the project.

Welcome to let me know if you have any suggestions.

Thank you for your attention! :)

（When I was learning the Knowledge of Edge Impulse at Seeed in 2021.)

Last but not the least, I'd love to express my special thanks to those who came in help during my tinkering:

@Mengdu.li : Technical support

@Meilily.li : Typesetting suggestion

@Susi.Yeoh : Edit suggestion

Thanks for being my tower of strength. @.@ 🤗

Code

Code

/****************************************************************************
**                                                                         **
** Name:        WioTerminal_CO2_traffic_light                              **
** Author:      Achim Kern                                                 **
** Interpreter: Arduino IDE 1.8.13                                         **
** Licence:     Freeware                                                   **
** Function:    measure air quality CO2 and show actual state on TFT       **
**                                                                         **
** Notes:       based on idea from SEEED STUDIO and LCARS SmartHome        **
**                                                                         **
** History:                                                                **
**                                                                         **
** 1.00        - 23.10.2020 - initial release                              **
**                          - GROVE SCD30                                  **
**                          - Buzzer                                       **
**                          - 3 Buttons                                    **
**                          - 5 status bmp pictures                        **
**                                                                         **
****************************************************************************/

/*
 * WIO Terminal TFT Display
 * 
 */
   // TFT library
   #include"TFT_eSPI.h"
   // TFT display
   TFT_eSPI tft;
   // Control Pin of LCD
   #define LCD_BACKLIGHT (72Ul)
   bool tft_backlight = true;

/*
 * libraries
 * 
 */
   #include <Arduino.h>
   // SD card library
   #include "Seeed_FS.h" 
   // image processing library
   #include "RawImage.h"
   // smooth fonts library
   #include "Free_Fonts.h"       

 /*
 * GROVE CO2 & Temperature & Humidity Sensor (SCD30)
 * -------------------------------------------------
 * The Grove - CO2 & Temperature & Humidity Sensor (SCD30) is a high precision carbon dioxide sensor, 
 * which is based on Sensirion SCD30. The measuring range of this sensor is 0 ppm-40'000 ppm, 
 * and the measurement accuracy can reach to (30 ppm + 3%) between 400ppm to 10'000ppm.
 * In addition to the Non-Dispersive Infrared(NDIR) measurement technology for CO2 detection, 
 * the SCD30 integrates Sensirion humidity and temperature sensors on the same sensor module. 
 * 
 */

   #include "SCD30.h"
   int grove_scd30_co2   = 0;
   int grove_scd30_temp  = 0;
   int grove_scd30_humi  = 0;
   int scd30_temp_offset = -4;
   int scd30_humi_offset = 13;
   
   /*-----------------------------------------*/
   /* Function void sensor_co2()              */
   /*                                         */
   /* TASK    : read out air sensor data      */
   /* UPDATE  : 23.10.2020                    */
   /*-----------------------------------------*/   
   void sensor_co2()
   {
     // read the sensor
     float result[3] = {0};
       
     if (scd30.isAvailable()) 
     {
      scd30.getCarbonDioxideConcentration(result);
      grove_scd30_co2  = result[0];
      grove_scd30_temp = result[1];
      grove_scd30_humi = result[2];
      // serial print of all sensor values
      Serial.print(F("[?] GROVE SCD30 CO2 --> "));
      Serial.print("SCD30-CO2:"); Serial.print(grove_scd30_co2); 
      Serial.print("  SCD30-T:"); Serial.print(grove_scd30_temp+scd30_temp_offset);  
      Serial.print("  SCD30-H:"); Serial.println(grove_scd30_humi+scd30_humi_offset);
      // display co2 pictures on TFT
      const char* list[] = {"co2-low-rgb565.bmp", "co2-mid1-rgb565.bmp", "co2-mid2-rgb565.bmp", "co2-high1-rgb565.bmp", "co2-high2-rgb565.bmp"};
      // rgb traffic light (planned)
      int r,g,b;
      uint8_t cnt = 0;
      if (grove_scd30_co2<700)   { r=0;   g=127; b=0; cnt=0; }
      if (grove_scd30_co2>=700)  { r=0;   g=127; b=0; cnt=1; }
      if (grove_scd30_co2>=1000) { r=127; g=127; b=0; cnt=2; }
      if (grove_scd30_co2>=1300) { r=127; g=0;   b=0; cnt=3; }
      if (grove_scd30_co2>=1500) { r=127; g=0;   b=0; cnt=4; } 
      drawImage<uint16_t>(list[cnt],0,0); 
      tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK,TFT_WHITE);
      tft.setFreeFont(FMB18);
      tft.drawNumber(grove_scd30_co2,80,190);                 
     }
   }
 
/*
 * Timer
 * Generally, you should use "unsigned long" for variables that hold time.
 * The value will quickly become too large for an int to store
 */
   // this timer is used to update tft display
   unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
   // send every 10 minutes
   // unsigned long interval = 600000;  
   // send every 3 minutes
   // unsigned long interval = 180000;
   // send every 30 seconds
   unsigned long interval = 30000;   
   unsigned long counter  = 0; 

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void tft_display_status_bar(String room_name, long int room_bg)      */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : show tft display status bar                                         */
/* UPDATE  : 22.09.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void tft_display_status_bar(String room_name, long int room_bg) 
{
  tft.fillRect(0,0,320,50,room_bg);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB18);
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_WHITE);
  tft.setCursor((320 - tft.textWidth(room_name)) / 2, 32);
  tft.print(room_name); 
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void tft_display_room_screen(String room_name, long int room_bg)     */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : show tft display room screen                                        */
/* UPDATE  : 22.09.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void tft_display_room_screen(String room_name, long int room_bg) 
{
  tft.fillScreen(TFT_WHITE);
  tft.fillRect(0,0,320,50,room_bg);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB18);
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_WHITE);
  tft.setCursor((320 - tft.textWidth(room_name)) / 2, 32);
  tft.print(room_name);
  // drawing verticle line
  tft.drawFastVLine(150,50,190,TFT_DARKGREEN);
  // drawing horizontal line
  tft.drawFastHLine(0,140,320,TFT_DARKGREEN);  
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void tft_display_sensor_temperature(void)                            */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : show tft display sensor temperature                                 */
/* UPDATE  : 22.09.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void tft_display_sensor_temperature(int temperature) 
{
  // setting the temperature
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB9);
  tft.drawString("Temperature",15,65);
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB18);
  tft.drawNumber(temperature,50,95);
  //tft.drawNumber(21,50,95);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB12);
  tft.drawString("C",100,95);  
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void tft_display_sensor_humidity(int humidity)                       */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : show tft display sensor humidity                                    */
/* UPDATE  : 22.09.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void tft_display_sensor_humidity(int humidity) 
{
  // setting the humidity
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB9);
  tft.drawString("Humidity",30,160);
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB18);
  tft.drawNumber(humidity,50,190);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB12);
  tft.drawString("%",100,190);
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void tft_display_sensor_co2(int co2)                                 */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : show tft display sensor co2                                         */
/* UPDATE  : 22.09.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void tft_display_sensor_co2(int co2) 
{ 
  // setting the CO2
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB9);
  tft.drawString("CO2",220,160);
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB18);
  tft.drawNumber(co2,160,190);
  tft.setFreeFont(FMB12);
  tft.drawString("ppm",250,190);
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void setup()                                                         */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : setup all needed requirements                                       */
/* UPDATE  : 23.10.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(3000);
  Serial.println(F(" "));
  Serial.println(F(" "));
  Serial.println(F("Starting..."));
  // WIO_TERMINAL
  Serial.println(F("WioTerminal CO2 Traffic Light Version 1.00"));
  Serial.println(F("GROVE SCD30 connected via I2C"));
  Serial.println(F(" "));

  // 3 Wio Terminal buttons
  pinMode(WIO_KEY_A, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(WIO_KEY_B, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(WIO_KEY_C, INPUT_PULLUP);

  // Initialise SD card
  Serial.println(F("[?] SD card initialize.."));
  if (!SD.begin(SDCARD_SS_PIN, SDCARD_SPI)) 
  {
    while (1);
  }
  
  // initialize the TFT display
  tft.begin();
  tft.setRotation(3);

  // initialize the scd30 sensor
  Serial.println(F("[?] GROVE SCD30 CO2 sensor initialize.."));
  Wire.begin();
  scd30.initialize();
  delay(3000);
  
  // read the co2 sensor */
  sensor_co2();  
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void loop()                                                          */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : this runs forever                                                   */
/* UPDATE  : 23.10.2020                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void loop() 
{
  // check if some one has pressed a button
  if (digitalRead(WIO_KEY_A) == LOW) 
  {
    Serial.println("[x} A Key pressed");   
    delay(200);
    // display room screen
    tft_display_room_screen("Dining-Room", TFT_BLUE);
    // display temperature sensor
    tft_display_sensor_temperature(grove_scd30_temp+scd30_temp_offset);
    // display humidity sensor
    tft_display_sensor_humidity(grove_scd30_humi+scd30_humi_offset);  
    // display co2 sensor
    tft_display_sensor_co2(grove_scd30_co2);    
    
  }
  else if (digitalRead(WIO_KEY_B) == LOW) 
  {
    Serial.println("[x] B Key pressed");     
    delay(200);
    // read the co2 sensor */
    sensor_co2();
  }
  else if (digitalRead(WIO_KEY_C) == LOW) 
  {
    Serial.println("[x] C Key pressed");
    tft_backlight = !tft_backlight;
     // Turning off the LCD backlight
    if (tft_backlight == false) { digitalWrite(LCD_BACKLIGHT, LOW);  }
     // Turning on the LCD backlight
    if (tft_backlight == true)  { digitalWrite(LCD_BACKLIGHT, HIGH); }
    delay(200);
  }
  
  /* 
   * It is checked whether the time for the transmission interval has already expired
   * If the time difference between the last save and the current time is greater
   * as the interval, the following function is executed.
  */
  if (millis() - previousMillis > interval)
  {
    // correct timer
    previousMillis = millis();
    // read the co2 sensor */
    sensor_co2();
  }
  
}

Credits

Elly Tse

1 project • 1 follower

Focus on #5G # computing digital transformation # AI Education # Industrial meteorological environmental monitoring # open source# Lora #

CO2 monitoring with Wio terminal