Published January 16, 2018 © GPL3+

IoT Treat Dispenser For Pets

With the push of a button you can dispense treats and watch your pet in real time without having to be in the same room.

IntermediateFull instructions provided6 hours23,257

Things used in this project

Hardware components

DFRobot Raspberry Pi 3

DFRobot Raspberry Pi Camera Module

DFRobot Stepper Motor with Planetary Gear

I2C LCD 16x2

Barrel Jack to Terminal

DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver

Capacitor 100 µF

Arduino UNO

Jumper wires (generic)

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Notepad++

Flask

Autodesk Fusion

Hand tools and fabrication machines

3D Printer (generic)

CNC Router

Story

I have two cats, and having to give them treats about 3 times a day became quite a nuisance. They would look up at me with their cute faces and intense stares, then running to a box full of cat greenies, meowing and begging for them. I had decided that enough was enough. No more getting up just to give a cat a couple of treats. Now was the time for a treat dispensing machine, because as the saying goes: "Programmers exist to make complicated stuff to do simple things less."

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DFRobot sponsored this project.

Creating a Design

First was the choice of how to control my newly thought machine. Bluetooth would have had too short of a range, at only 30 feet with no obstructions. With this information, I opted to use WiFi. But now, how do I use WiFi to control the machine? A Raspberry Pi 3 has builtin WiFi capabilities, letting me use Flask to host a webpage. Next was the topic of the enclosure and how to dispense treats. I decided upon a rotating wheel design, where treats would fall into little sections, be rotated around, and then the treats would drop down onto a ramp and travel to the front of the machine.

Making the Fusion 360 Model

I began by creating a base model for the treat receptacle. Treats fall into a mini-hopper where they are then taken into a rotating wheel.

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Next I added the Raspberry Pi 3 to the Fusion design, along with the other electronics, including an LCD and Raspberry Pi camera module. I also made a hopper that could store additional treats.

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The walls for the treat dispenser are supposed to be cut out of 1/4 inch plywood on a CNC router. There are 7 pieces to it, 4 walls, a floor, and a top and lid piece that can open and close to expose the treats.

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Lastly, I created a "fancy" handle to open the lid.

Here is a render of the final design:

Setting Up the Pi

DFRobot reached out to me and sent their Raspberry Pi 3 and Raspberry Pi Camera Module. So after I opened up the boxes I got right to work by setting up the SD card. First I went to the Raspberry Pi Downloads page and downloaded the most recent version of Raspbian. I then extracted the file and put it into a convenient directory. You can't just copy/paste a .img file to an SD card, you have to "burn it" onto the card. You can download a burning utility like Etcher.io to easily transfer the OS image. After the .img file was on my SD card I inserted it into the Raspberry Pi and gave it power. After about 50 seconds I unplugged the cord and removed the SD card. Next I put the SD card back into my PC and went to the "boot" directory. I opened up Notepad and saved it as a blank file named "ssh" with NO extension. There was also a file I added called "wpa_supplicant.conf" and put this text into it:

network={     ssid=<"SSID">     psk=<"PASSWD">}

Then I saved and ejected the card and put it back into the Raspberry Pi 3. This should now allow for the usage of SSH and connecting to WiFi.

Getting the Camera Ready

By default, the camera is disabled on the Pi, so you must open the terminal type:

 sudo raspi-config

to bring up the menu. Go to "interfacing options" and then enable the camera. Now just select "Finish" and insert the ribbon cable of the camera module into the correct area of the Pi.

Installing Software

There are several different softwares that can stream video, such as VLC and motion, but I decided to use the mjpeg-streamer due to its low latency and easy installation. According to the instructions on the site, do a:

 git clone https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer.git

Into a folder, then type:

 sudo apt-get install cmake libjpeg8-dev

To install the needed libraries. Change your directory into the folder you downloaded and then type:

make

Followed by:

sudo make install

To compile the software. Finally enter:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.

And to run it type:

  ./mjpg_streamer -o "output_http.so -w ./www" -i "input_raspicam.so"

You can access the stream by heading to:

http://<The Pi's Local IP>:8080/stream.html

To view the stream.

Setting Up a Webserver

In order to get the machine to be controlled externally by WiFi I needed a webserver. A webserver basically serves up webpages when requested, usually by a browser. I wanted something quick and simple to setup and use, taking Apache off the table. I also wanted to interface the webserver with Python so I could control the Arduino Uno with PySerial. This quest ultimately led me to Flask, a nice Python library that let's users quickly create a webserver. The full code is attached to this project page. The python script basically sets up 2 webpages, one that is hosted at the root directory, '/', and another that is hosted at '/dispense'. The index page has an HTML form that when submitted sends a post request to the dispense page. The dispense page then checks if the post value is correct, and if it is the message 'D\n' gets sent via serial to the Arduino Uno.

Controlling IO

I decided upon using the DRV8825 to drive my stepper motor, mainly due to it only needing 2 IO pins along with having adjustable current limiting. I tried using an L293D but it couldn't handle the load of the stepper motor. The DRV8825 is controlled by pulsing the STEP pin via PWM, and the direction is controlled by pulling the DIR pin high or low. The stepper motor I'm using has a 1.2 amp draw, so I adjusted the VREF voltage to .6V. Next was the LCD. I wanted to use I2C to reduce the amount of IO needed and to simplify the code. To install the library, simply search for "LiquidCrystal_I2C" and install it. Finally, the Arduino Uno checks for new information in the serial buffer and if it matches 'D'. If it does, the Uno causes the stepper motor to move 180 degrees and then -72 degrees to prevent treats from getting lodged.

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Using the Machine

So now you have a brand new treat dispenser, but how should it be used? There is a livestream from the camera that is hosted at http://<The Pi's Local IP>:8080/stream.html and the page to control the treat dispenser is at http://<The Pi's local ip>:5000/ where you can go and click the button to get some treats.

Schematics

Code

from flask import Flask, request
import subprocess
import shlex
from serial import Serial

rpi_ip_addr = "192.168.0.2"
arduino_addr = "/dev/ttyACM0"

ser = Serial(arduino_addr, baudrate=9600)

p = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split('./mjpg_streamer -o "output_http.so -w ./www" -i "input_raspicam.so"'))

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def treat_ready():
    return '<html><head><title>Treat Dispenser</title></head>'+ \
    '<body><form action="/dispense" method="post"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Get some treats">'+ \
    '</form></body></html>'
    
@app.route('/dispense', methods=['POST','GET'])
def dispense_treat():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if request.form['submit'] == "Get some treats":
            ser.write('D\n')
            return '<html><head><title>Dispensing</title></head><body><h1>Dispensing treats!'+\
                '</h1><a href="/">Head Back</a></body></html>'
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    try:
        app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        p.terminate()
        ser.close()

//Stepper Board Test Code
//Kevin Darrah  2017

#include <Wire.h> 
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20,16,2);

const int stepPin = 2;//only works on this pin right now
const int dirPin = 6;
const int actPin = 4;//not used
const float motorAngle = 1.8;
const float stepSize = 1;//full=1, half=0.5, quarter=0.25, etc...


void stepperRotate(float rotation, float rpm);

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  pinMode(stepPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dirPin, OUTPUT);
  //pinMode(actPin, OUTPUT);  hooked to VCC, so no Arduino control
  Serial.begin(9600);
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  delay(5000);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.home();
  lcd.print(" IoT Pet Treat");
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print("   Dispenser");

}

void loop() {
  if(Serial.available()>0){
    String data = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');
    if(data=="D"){
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.home();
      lcd.print("Dispensing");
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);
      lcd.print("treats now.");
      stepperRotate(.5, 30);//rotations, RPM
      delay(500);
      stepperRotate(-.2, 30);//rotations, RPM
      delay(3000);
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.home();
      lcd.print(" IoT Pet Treat");
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);
      lcd.print("   Dispenser");
    }
  }
  delay(1500);

}

void stepperRotate(float rotation, float rpm) {
  if (rotation > 0) {
    digitalWrite(dirPin, HIGH);
  }
  else {
    digitalWrite(dirPin, LOW);
    rotation = rotation * -1;
  }

  float stepsPerRotation = 1050;

  //now we have the steps per rotation, multiply by the rotations for this command to get total steps
  float totalSteps = rotation * stepsPerRotation;

  unsigned long stepPeriodmicroSec = ((60.0000 / (rpm * stepsPerRotation)) * 1E6 / 2.0000) - 5;

  for (unsigned long i = 0; i < totalSteps; i++) {
    PORTD |= (1 << 2);
    delayMicroseconds(stepPeriodmicroSec);
    PORTD &= ~(1 << 2);
    delayMicroseconds(stepPeriodmicroSec);
  }

}