Gavin Miller
Published © GPL3+

Bushfire Protection System

Protecting your house from bushfire when you are told to evacuate.

IntermediateWork in progressOver 4 days433
Bushfire Protection System

Things used in this project

Hardware components

ESP32-S3 Lonely Binary Development-Bluetooth-Espressif-ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1U-N16R8
This model has an external antenna. It also comes supplied with enough solderable pins to mount the unit either on a breadboard or PCB.
×1
Relay 8 channel
×1
Automotive Fused Relay SPST 30A
The 12v water pump has a high electrical load, particularly when starting up. This heavy duty relay connects the positive from the deep cycle battery to the positive of the pump. When the micro-controller ‘pump’ relay is activated it in turn switches this one. (Two relays piggy-backed). Heavy duty wiring can thus be fully employed between the battery and the pump.
×1
Power supply regulator, 12v to 5v.
I tried a few different regulators and some failed, ruining parts. This one has proven to be stable.
×1
Temperature sensor TMP36
Note that different sensors, even in the same TMP36 package, can have the anode and cathode reversed. Check the data sheet carefully and don’t get them mixed up(!)
×1
Grove - Gas Sensor(MQ2)
Seeed Studio Grove - Gas Sensor(MQ2)
Or this one: https://littlebirdelectronics.com.au/products/mq-2-smoke-sensor-module?_pos=2&_psq=smoke&_ss=e&_v=1.0
×1
Resistor 221 ohm
Resistor 221 ohm
×1
Resistor 10k ohm
Resistor 10k ohm
×1
LED (generic)
LED (generic)
×1
Pushbutton switch 12mm
SparkFun Pushbutton switch 12mm
×1
Solderable breadboard
Or use the already designed PCB.
×1
Hookup wire, various colours. Terminal block(s). Case.
×1
SEAFLO 55 Series Water Pressure Pump (12V/5.5GPM/60PSI) (20.8LPM/413Kpa)
×1
Deep cycle battery Century N70T 102 Amp-hour
If using battery power.
×1
Solar panel 110w and charger
×1
Westinghouse iGen4500AS Auto Start Inverter Generator
If using a generator for 'off grid' power.
×1
Water Solenoid Valves 12V DC 1/2" - Normally Closed
×7
1N4007 – High Voltage, High Current Rated Diode
1N4007 – High Voltage, High Current Rated Diode
×7
Irrigation Cable Multi-Core 0.5mm
9 Core Irrigation Cable 0.5mm costs A$2.85 per metre. 3 core costs A$1 per metre. You will probably need a mix. Length will depend on your situation
×1
Sprinkler capable of covering approximately 450 to 500m².
Holman 15mm Metal Impact Sprinkler Head, Bunnings. A higher volume sprinker is also mentioned in the story.
×1
Water pipe/polypipe
See discussion in 'Pipe and Hose'
×1

Software apps and online services

Blynk
Blynk
Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Battery powered 6v soldering iron
Versatile for PCB and other fine work...

Story

Read more

Custom parts and enclosures

Bushfire Protection System PCB gerber files

I used KiCad to design a PCB and SeeedStudio to make a it. A unit that lives out in the weather, even if it is in a plastic box, will be prone to corrosion. I wanted everything to be as reliable as I could make it.
If your needs just happen to be close to my design I have a few spare PCB boards. I guess most situations will be different – the number of lines, available power and so on.

Schematics

Bushfire protection system

Code

Bushfire protection system. OTATelnet_Blynk_PCB_UA_4_31.ino

Arduino
// The support of the Arduino fraternity is acknowledged and also https://somik.org/esp-ota-code-upload/ for the guide on WiFi updating (OTA) of the board software and monitoring/debugging via Telnet.
// Diagnostics are includede.They may be deleted but are a most useful guide if you intend making changes.
// -- GDM, santo@southcom.com.au 200524

#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WiFiServer.h>
#include "OTA_telnet_2.h"

// Blynk template and token details are comfidential and in creds.h
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>

const char* ssid = MYssid;
const char* password = MYpassword;
const byte ledPin = 15;  // ESP32 Pin to which my LED is connected
int LEDValue;
const byte tempPin = 4;  //the analog pin the TMP36's Vout (sense) pin is connected to
float TMP36_mV = 0;      // temp sensor voltage
float temp;              // for temp in C
const byte MQ2Pin = 16;  //GAS sensor output pin to Arduino analog A0 pin
int gasPinValue = 0;
const byte buttonPin = 13;  // the number of the pushbutton pin
byte started = 0;           // denotes the pumping system as started up
int pumpSecCounter;         // starts a second count, initiated by Telnet
float numPumpCycles = 0.0;
float lineNowPumping = 0.0;
float aboutPumping = 0.0;
unsigned long timeB4 = millis();  // used in Telnet to get a starting value, then it runs itself...
int V3Pin = 0;                    // virtual pin in Blynk
const char* fileName = "OTATelnet_Blynk_PCB_UA_4-31";
// unsigned long getSecs;  // for getting time since start  // no longer used
// unsigned long getMin;   // for getting time since start

///>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
////   this section for the triggers  >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
const float ramp = 4.0;         // a sudden rise in temp will start the pump. Degrees C.
float minTemp = 45.0;           // for getting the minumum of an array of temp values. Set it high to start. ramp will compare with this.
const float maxTemp = 50.0;     // startup temp
const int gasTrigr = 4000;      // this value will set off the system
const int gasTrigrLowr = 2500;  // this value will set off the system in combination with elevted temp.
const byte numLines = 7;        // the number of pumping lines connected to the relays
const byte lineTime = 30;       // how long each water line will pump for in seconds

///>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
int countSecs = 0;                                                 //for the count to 10 secs
int decadeComplete = 0;                                            // measures the ten sec interval for average
const byte countTempSecs[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };  //for getting ave temp over a 10 second period
float tempDecade[10] = { 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0 };
float tenSecAve = 0;
float secTemp[10] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
float lineIndicator[7] = { 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 };  // designates the water line

// getting average temp
const int c = 35;              // y=mx+c equation for temp sensor calibration; 610 before 5v adj
const float m = 14.6;          // y=mx+c equation for temp sensor calibration; 8.5 before
float aveTemp = 0;             // in Mv
const byte numTempReads = 10;  // delay period x number of reads must be well less than 1000 ; for checksensors C
int thisTempRead = 0;          // in Mvs, note integer, to stabilise the averaging maths...
long tempReadBucket = 0;       //collects the reads

//// >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
//// reset if Blynk drops out and won't restart after 20m..
int downDecades = 0;   // a variable to count the minutes offline
byte blynkStatus = 0;  // 0 is down, 1 is up.
void Blynk_now() {
  bool isconnected = Blynk.connected();
  if (isconnected == false) {
    blynkStatus = 0;
  } else if (isconnected == true) {
    blynkStatus = 1;
  }
}
// Activates as part of decadecomplete, i.e. each 10 seconds

void downTime() {
  if (blynkStatus == 1) {
    downDecades = 0;
  } else if (blynkStatus != 1) {
    downDecades = downDecades + 1;
  }
}

void restart() {
  if ((downDecades > 120) && (started == 0)) ESP.restart();
}
// In main loop

// getting ready to send temp, gas and LED data
BLYNK_WRITE(V0) {
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, param.asFloat());
}

BLYNK_WRITE(V1) {
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, param.asFloat());
}

BLYNK_WRITE(V2) {
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, param.asInt());
}

BLYNK_WRITE(V3) {  //getting button press from the Blynk app. BLYNK_WRITE both sends and recieves values
  int V3Pin = param.asInt();
  if (V3Pin == 1) { started = 1; }
}

BLYNK_WRITE(V4) {
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, param.asInt());
}


/// Pins
// define the pins that will connect to the relays to drive the hose solenoids for sprinklers and sprayers
const byte pumpingPins[8]{ 42, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 48, 47 };

byte startFlag = 0;                     // a flag for managing the pump timer
const unsigned long tn_count = 1000UL;  // for counting the loop iteration to 1000 then send telnet stuff
unsigned long timeNow;                  // used in Telnet...

void setup() {
  ArduinoOTA.setHostname("UnitA");
  setupOTA();
  Blynk.config(BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN);
  Blynk.connect();
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

  // set pumpingPins as OUTPUT
  for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
    pinMode(pumpingPins[j], OUTPUT);
  }
  // // de-activate these
  for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
    digitalWrite(pumpingPins[k], LOW);
  }
}  // end Void Setup


// FUNCTIONS for TRIGGERS.................FUNCTIONS................. FUNCTIONS .................FUNCTIONS................. FUNCTIONS .................FUNCTIONS................. FUNCTIONS .................FUNCTIONS.................

void decades() {
  for (int i = 0; (i < 10); i++) {
    if (countTempSecs[i] == (i + 1)) secTemp[i] = temp;
  }
  if (countSecs == 10) {
    tenSecAve = 0;
    for (int i = 0; (i < 10); i++) {
      tenSecAve = tenSecAve + (secTemp[i] / 10);
    }
    decadeComplete = 1;
    downTime();
  }
}

void allMoveUp() {
  if (decadeComplete > 0) {
    for (int i = 9; i > 0; i--) {
      tempDecade[i] = tempDecade[i - 1];
    }
    tempDecade[0] = tenSecAve;
    countSecs = 0;  // restarting the loop
    decadeComplete = 0;
  }
}

//temperature ramping trigger
void tempRampTrigr() {
  minTemp = tempDecade[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
    if (tempDecade[i] < minTemp) {
      minTemp = tempDecade[i];
    }
  }
  if ((tempDecade[0] - minTemp > ramp) && (tempDecade[9] <= 48)) {  // wait until readings settle after startup...
    started = 1;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    TelnetStream.print(" ! Temp Ramp Trigger!");
  }
}

void tempMaxTrigr() {
  if ((started == 0) && (tenSecAve > maxTemp)) {
    started = 1;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  }
}

void tempANDsmokeTrigr() {
  if ((tenSecAve > minTemp) && (gasPinValue > gasTrigrLowr) && (started == 0)) {
    started = 1;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  }
}

void too_smokey() {
  if ((started == 0) && (gasPinValue > gasTrigr)) {
    started = 1;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    TelnetStream.print(" ! Smoke detected!");
  }
}

void buttonStart() {
  if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == HIGH && digitalRead(ledPin) == LOW) {
    started = 1;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  }
}

void checkSensorsAve() {
  for (int j = 1; j <= numTempReads && analogRead(tempPin) > 0; j++) {  //  easy maths
    thisTempRead = (analogRead(tempPin));
    tempReadBucket = tempReadBucket + thisTempRead;
  }
  // aveTemp = tempReadBucket;
  aveTemp = (tempReadBucket / 10);
  tempReadBucket = 0;  // empty the bucket ready for next time
  temp = (((aveTemp - 500) - c) / m);
  temp = round(temp * 10) / 10;  // for one decimal place.
  gasPinValue = (analogRead(MQ2Pin));
}

void pumping() {
  if ((started == 1) && (startFlag == 0)) {
    startFlag = 1;
  }
  // set up the array for pumping control :
  int pumpControl[7] = { lineTime * 0, lineTime * 1, lineTime * 2, lineTime * 3, lineTime * 4, lineTime * 5, lineTime * 6 };

  for (int i = 0; i < numLines; i++) {
    if (pumpSecCounter == pumpControl[i] + 1) {
      digitalWrite(pumpingPins[i], HIGH);  // open the line
      lineNowPumping = lineIndicator[i];   // show which line is pumping
    } else if (pumpSecCounter == pumpControl[i] + 3) {
      digitalWrite(pumpingPins[7], HIGH);  // start the pump
    } else if (pumpSecCounter == (pumpControl[i] + lineTime) - 3) {
      digitalWrite(pumpingPins[7], LOW);  // stop the pump
    } else if (pumpSecCounter == (pumpControl[i] + lineTime) - 1) {
      digitalWrite(pumpingPins[i], LOW);  // close the line
    }
  }
  if (pumpSecCounter == (lineTime * numLines) + 1) {  // for one cycle through
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
    numPumpCycles = numPumpCycles + 1.0;
    lineNowPumping = 0.0;
    started = 0;
    startFlag = 0;
    pumpSecCounter = 0;  // reset counter
  }
}

void telnetSend() {
  timeNow = millis();
  if ((timeNow - timeB4) > tn_count) {
    countSecs = countSecs + 1;  // increments the temperature ramp each sec
    timeB4 = millis();
    TelnetStream.print(F("     File is:  "));
    TelnetStream.print(fileName);
    TelnetStream.println();
    TelnetStream.print(F("    Cycle and Line is:  "));
    TelnetStream.print(aboutPumping);
    TelnetStream.println();
    TelnetStream.print(F("     Smoke PPI = "));
    TelnetStream.print(gasPinValue);
    TelnetStream.print("                   ");
    TelnetStream.print(F("     TEMPERATURE = "));
    TelnetStream.print(temp);  // display temperature value
    TelnetStream.print("*C");
    TelnetStream.println();
    TelnetStream.print(F("     Temp voltage = "));
    TelnetStream.print(thisTempRead);  // display temperature value
    TelnetStream.print(F(" Mv"));
    TelnetStream.println();

    // DIAGNOSTICS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
    TelnetStream.print(F("Counter = "));
    TelnetStream.print(countSecs);  // display temperature value
    TelnetStream.println();
    TelnetStream.print(F("Latest Ten Sec Ave = "));
    TelnetStream.print(tenSecAve);  // display this temperature value
    TelnetStream.println();
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      TelnetStream.print("    ");
      TelnetStream.print(tempDecade[i]);  // display this temperature value
      TelnetStream.println();
    }
    TelnetStream.print(F("      minTemp =   "));
    TelnetStream.print(minTemp);
    TelnetStream.print(F("    Down decades = "));
    TelnetStream.print(downDecades);  // display this value
    TelnetStream.println();
    // Check startbutton status
    if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == HIGH) {
      TelnetStream.print(F("Start button is HIGH   "));
      TelnetStream.println();
    }

    // END DIAGNOSTICS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    if (started == 1) {
      TelnetStream.print(F("Started   "));
      TelnetStream.print(started);
      pumpSecCounter = pumpSecCounter + 1;  // for the pump control
      TelnetStream.print("   pumping seconds elapsed ");
      TelnetStream.print(pumpSecCounter);
      TelnetStream.println();
    } else {
      TelnetStream.print(F("   Waiting to start...  "));
      TelnetStream.print(started);
    }
    TelnetStream.print("                                                                  --!--  ");
    TelnetStream.println();
    TelnetStream.println();
    TelnetStream.println();
    // and do Blynk on these occasions...
    Blynk.run();
    BlynkDataSend();
  }
}
void BlynkDataSend() {
  //    Blynk.virtualWrite(V0,tempC);  // sending sensor value to Blynk app
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, temp);
  //  sensorValue_gas = analogRead(A1);         // reading sensor from analog pin
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, gasPinValue);  // sending sensor value to Blynk app

  // LEDValue = digitalRead(UA_Status);  // Tell Blynk we are pumping...
  LEDValue = started;  // Tell Blynk we are pumping...
  if (started != 0) {
    Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, 0);   //reset the button
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);  // turn the LEd on
  }
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, LEDValue);  // sending Unit A working status
  aboutPumping = numPumpCycles + lineNowPumping;

  Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, aboutPumping);  // number of completed pump cycles & no of current water line
                                         // Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, LineNowPumping);   // the number of the water line
}

void loop() {
  decades();
  allMoveUp();
  pumping();
  Blynk_now();
  buttonStart();
  telnetSend();
  checkSensorsAve();
  tempRampTrigr();
  tempMaxTrigr();
  too_smokey();
  restart();
  ArduinoOTA.handle();
}

Bushfire protection system, OTA_telnet_2.h

Arduino
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPmDNS.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>
#include <TelnetStream.h>
#include <creds.h>

void setupOTA() {
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(MYssid, MYpassword);
 // while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
 //   Serial.println("Connection Failed! Rebooting...");
 //   delay(5000);
 //   ESP.restart();

// Try to reconnect once every 5 seconds
static unsigned long reconnectTime;
if(WiFi.status()  != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - reconnectTime > 5000) {
   reconnectTime = millis();
    WiFi.begin(MYssid, MYpassword); 
  }

  // Port defaults to 3232
  // ArduinoOTA.setPort(3232);

  // No authentication by default
  // ArduinoOTA.setPassword("admin");

  // Password can be set with it's md5 value as well
  // MD5(admin) = 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3
  // ArduinoOTA.setPasswordHash("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");

  ArduinoOTA
  .onStart([]() {
    String type;
    if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH)
      type = "sketch";
    else // U_SPIFFS
      type = "filesystem";

    // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end()
    Serial.println("Start updating " + type);
  })
  .onEnd([]() {
    Serial.println("\nEnd");
  })
  .onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {
    Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));
  })
  .onError([](ota_error_t error) {
    Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error);
    if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) Serial.println("Auth Failed");
    else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) Serial.println("Begin Failed");
    else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) Serial.println("Connect Failed");
    else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) Serial.println("Receive Failed");
    else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) Serial.println("End Failed");
  });

  ArduinoOTA.begin();
  TelnetStream.begin();

  Serial.println("OTA Initialized");
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

Credits

Gavin Miller
1 project • 3 followers
Gavin is a retired public servant. He lives on a five acre block in a bush setting.
Contact

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