Mushroom cultivation

INTRODUCTION

The cultivation of gourmet and medicinal mushrooms is becoming increasingly popular, both as a hobby and for profit. Mushrooms are very nutritious products that can be generated from lignocellulosic waste materials; and are in rich in crude fibre and protein. In fact, mushrooms also contain low fat, low calories and good vitamins. In addition, many mushrooms possess multi-functional medicinal properties.

Ventilation is essential for mushroom growing, and it is also necessary to control humidity and temperature.The growth temperature for mycelium ranges from 15 to 35oC and the optimum growth temperature ranges from 23oC to 27oC. The temperature for fruiting can be from 16oC to 30oC and the optimum developmental temperature of fruiting bodies is 18 to 25oC. The ideal humidity for casing soil is 60-65%. The preferred air humidity in a mushroom house is 60-75% for mycelium growth and 70-85% for fruiting body formation and development.

Mushrooms do not require light to grow, only green plants require light for photosynthesis. Growing rooms can be illuminated to facilitate harvesting or cropping practices.

SCHEMATIC

The CY8CKIT Psoc Analog Coprocessor Pionner Kit was used to carry out this project, which has temperature, humidity and illumination sensors to control the optimal conditions for fungus cultivation.

To control the greenhouse were used the pins of port three as shown in the following figure.

The LEDs simulate the control over the heater, the fan, the lighting and the Nebulizer. These are used to maintain the right conditions at each stage of the crop.

CODE

Psoc allows you, to program hardware and software. The following figure shows the programming of the necessary hardware to handle temperature, humidity and illumination sensors.

For each of the sensors a mathematical procedure is performed in which different variables intervene. The hardware blocks must be initialized and then the ADC conversion is done and the values ​​for each sensor are adjusted.

Finally, the control of the greenhouse is carried out according to the needs of the crop.

       
/* ========================================
*
* Copyright YOUR COMPANY, THE YEAR
* All Rights Reserved
* UNPUBLISHED, LICENSED SOFTWARE.
*
* CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
* WHICH IS THE PROPERTY OF your company.
* Credits: Ing. Jorge Eduardo Porras B.
* ========================================
*/
#include "project.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "LiquidCrystal_I2C.h"
/* LCD Address */
uint32_t Addr=0x3F;
int16 temp, hume;
char mensaje[12];
//****TEMPERATURE SENSOR VARIABLES
// /* Variables to hold the the ADC readings */
int16 adcResultVREF, adcResultVTH;
///* Filter input and output variables for Vref and Vth measurements */
int16 filterOutputVref=0;
int16 filterOutputVth=0;
//  
///* Variables to hold calculated resistance and temperature */
int16 thermistorResistance, temperature;
#define ADC_CHANNEL_VREF   (0u)
#define ADC_CHANNEL_VTH    (1u)
#define FILTER_COEFFICIENT_TEMPERATURE (32u)
//****MOISTURE SENSOR VARIABLES
uint16 humidityRawCounts; /* Raw count from CapSense Component for the humidity sensor */
uint16 capacitance;   /* Capacitance of the humidity sensor */
uint16 humidity;   /* Measured humidity */
uint16 rawCountsRefCap;  /* Raw count from CapSense Component for the Reference capacitor */
#define CAPACITANCE_AT_55_RH (1800)
/* Sensitivity numerator and denominator indicate sensitivity of the sensor */
#define SENSITIVITY_NUMERATOR  (31)
#define SENSITIVITY_DENOMINATOR  (100)
/* Value of reference capacitor. Note that this value includes the pin capacitance
and the physical 180pF reference capacitor */
#define CREF (1930)
/* Offset Capacitance */
#define COFFSET  (150)
/* This is raw count equivalent to trace capacitance */
#define OFFSETCOUNT  (1536)
#define BUFFERSIZE (8)
#define READ_WRITE_BOUNDARY  (0)
/* Nominal humidity 55% */
#define NOMINAL_HUMIDITY (550)
#define HUMIDITY_0_PERCENT (0)
#define HUMIDITY_100_PERCENT (1000)
#define HUMIDITY_50  (500) 
//****LIGHTING SENSOR VARIABLES
/* This variable is used to store the ADC result */
int16 adcResult;
/* These are used for firmware low pass filter input and output */
int16 filterInput;
int32 filterOutput = 0;
/* Variable to store sensor current and light illuminance */
int16 alsCurrent;
uint16 illuminance;
int16 alsCurrent;   /* Ambient light sensor current output */
uint16 illuminance;   /* Ambient light illuminance */ 
#define FILTER_COEFFICIENT_ALS    (10)
/* Constants for photodiode current calculation */
/* Scale Factor = (VREF / (2048 * 220K)) * 10^9 nA = 2.6633 
As the TIA produces a negative voltage, the scale factor is made 
negative */
#define ALS_CURRENT_SCALE_FACTOR_NUMERATOR  (-26633)
#define ALS_CURRENT_SCALE_FACTOR_DENOMINATOR (10000)
/* Constants for ambient light calculation */
/* Scale Factor = 10000Lx / 3000nA = 3.333 */
#define ALS_LIGHT_SCALE_FACTOR_NUMERATOR  (3333)
#define ALS_LIGHT_SCALE_FACTOR_DENOMINATOR  (1000)
#define PWM_DUTY_SCALE   (1u) 
#define PWM_DUTY_OFFSET   (0)
#define ADC_CHANNEL_ALS (2u) 
__inline uint16 CalculateCapacitance(uint16 rawCounts, uint16 refSensorCounts);
__inline uint16 CalculateHumidity(uint16 capacitance);
int main(void)
{
CyGlobalIntEnable; /* Enable global interrupts. */
/* Place your initialization/startup code here (e.g. MyInst_Start()) */
ADC_1_Start();  
I2C_Start();
CSD_Start();
/* Start Reference buffer */
VrefBuffer_Start();
/* Start Programmable Voltage Reference */
PVref_Start();
/* Enable Programmable Voltage Reference */
PVref_Enable();
/* Start the trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) */
Opamp_TIA_Start();
/* Start Reference buffer */
RefBuffer_Start();
/* Start Programmable Voltage Reference */
PVref_1_Start();
/* Enable Programmable Voltage Reference */
PVref_1_Enable();
LiquidCrystal_I2C_init(Addr,20,4,0);
begin();
for(;;)
{
/* Place your application code here. */
ADC_1_StartConvert(); 
ADC_1_IsEndConversion(ADC_1_WAIT_FOR_RESULT); 
adcResultVREF = ADC_1_GetResult16(ADC_CHANNEL_VREF);
adcResultVTH = ADC_1_GetResult16(ADC_CHANNEL_VTH);
adcResult= ADC_1_GetResult16(ADC_CHANNEL_ALS); 
//TEMPERATURE CALCULATIONS
/* Low pass filter the measured ADC counts of Vref */  
filterOutputVref = (adcResultVREF + (FILTER_COEFFICIENT_TEMPERATURE - 1) * filterOutputVref) / FILTER_COEFFICIENT_TEMPERATURE;
/* Low pass filter the measured ADC counts of Vth */ 
filterOutputVth = (adcResultVTH + (FILTER_COEFFICIENT_TEMPERATURE - 1) * filterOutputVth) / FILTER_COEFFICIENT_TEMPERATURE;
/* Calculate thermistor resistance */
thermistorResistance = Thermistor_GetResistance(filterOutputVref, filterOutputVth); 
/* Calculate temperature in degree Celsius using the Component API */
temperature = Thermistor_GetTemperature(thermistorResistance);
temp=temperature*0.01;  
//LIGHTING CALCULATIONS
/* Low pass filter the ADC result */
filterInput = adcResult;
 filterOutput = (filterInput + (FILTER_COEFFICIENT_ALS - 1)*filterOutput)/FILTER_COEFFICIENT_ALS;
 /* Calculate the photodiode current */
alsCurrent = (filterOutput * ALS_CURRENT_SCALE_FACTOR_NUMERATOR)/ALS_CURRENT_SCALE_FACTOR_DENOMINATOR; 
 /* If the calculated current is negative, limit it to zero */
if(alsCurrent < 0)
{
alsCurrent = 0;
}
 /* Calculate the light illuminance */
illuminance = (alsCurrent * ALS_LIGHT_SCALE_FACTOR_NUMERATOR)/ALS_LIGHT_SCALE_FACTOR_DENOMINATOR; 
//MOISTURE CALCULATIONS
if(!(CSD_IsBusy()))
{ 
humidityRawCounts = CSD_BUTTON0_SNS0_RAW0_VALUE;
rawCountsRefCap = CSD_BUTTON0_SNS1_RAW0_VALUE;
/* Convert raw counts to capacitance */
capacitance = CalculateCapacitance(humidityRawCounts, rawCountsRefCap);
/*Calculate humidity */
humidity = CalculateHumidity(capacitance);  
hume=humidity*0.1;
CSD_ScanAllWidgets();
}
sprintf(mensaje,"Te=%.2i  ",temp);
setCursor(0,0);
LCD_print(mensaje);
setCursor(5,0);
LCD_print("C");
sprintf(mensaje,"Lx=%.2i  ",illuminance);
setCursor(0,1);
LCD_print(mensaje);
sprintf(mensaje,"Hu=%.2i  ",hume);
setCursor(8,0);
LCD_print(mensaje);
setCursor(14,0);
LCD_print("%");
//GREENHOUSE CONTROL
if (temp <24) {
Control_Calefactor_Write(1u); 
Control_Ventilador_Write(0u); 
}  
if ((temp >=24) & (temp<=26) ) {
Control_Calefactor_Write(0u); 
Control_Ventilador_Write(0u); 
} 
if (temp >26) {
Control_Calefactor_Write(0u); 
Control_Ventilador_Write(1u); 
}  
if (hume <80) {
Control_Nebulizador_Write(1u); 
}  
if (hume >=82) {
Control_Nebulizador_Write(0u); 
}  
if (illuminance <100) {
Control_Iluminacion_Write(1u); 
}  
if (illuminance >=102) {
Control_Iluminacion_Write(0u); 
}  
CyDelay(250u);//milisegundos
}
}
__inline uint16 CalculateCapacitance(uint16 rawCounts, uint16 refsensorCounts)
{
return (uint16)((float)(rawCounts - OFFSETCOUNT) * (CREF - COFFSET) / (float)(refsensorCounts - OFFSETCOUNT));
}
__inline uint16 CalculateHumidity(uint16 capacitance)
{
int16 humidity;
int16 delta;
/* Find capacitance difference from nominal capacitance at 55% RH */
delta = capacitance - CAPACITANCE_AT_55_RH;
/* Calculate humidity from capacitance difference and sensor sensitivity */
humidity = ((delta * SENSITIVITY_DENOMINATOR) / SENSITIVITY_NUMERATOR) + NOMINAL_HUMIDITY;
/* If humidity is less than zero, limit it to 0; If humidity is greater than 1000 (100%), limit to 1000 */
humidity = (humidity < HUMIDITY_0_PERCENT) ? HUMIDITY_0_PERCENT : (humidity > HUMIDITY_100_PERCENT) ? HUMIDITY_100_PERCENT : humidity;
/* Return Humidity value */
return humidity;
}
/* [] END OF FILE */             

RESULTS