Smart Plant Watering System

/*
 * Project Plant_Watering_System
 * Description: Water a plant based on input from a moisture sensor 
 *  in addition to integrating Dust, Air Quality, and BME sensors.
 * Author: Liv Bouligny
 * Date: 29 July 2022
 */

#include "credentials.h"
#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"
#include "Adafruit_BME280.h"
#include "Grove_Air_quality_Sensor.h"
#include "Adafruit_MQTT.h"
#include "Adafruit_MQTT/Adafruit_MQTT.h" 
#include "Adafruit_MQTT/Adafruit_MQTT_SPARK.h"
TCPClient TheClient;
Adafruit_MQTT_SPARK mqtt(&TheClient,AIO_SERVER,AIO_SERVERPORT,AIO_USERNAME,AIO_KEY); 
Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe mqttButton = Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe(&mqtt,AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/wsbutton");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish mqttMoist = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/WSMoisture");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish mqttTemp = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/WSTemp");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish mqttPress = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/WSPressure");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish mqttHumid = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/WSHumidity");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish mqttDust = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/WSDust");
Adafruit_MQTT_Publish mqttAQ = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/WSAirQuality");
const int OLEDADD = 0x3C;
const int BMEADD = 0x76;
const int OLED_RESET = 20;
const int SOILPIN = 14;
const int DUSTPIN = A0;
const int AQPIN = A2;
const int PUMPPIN = 10;
const char degree = 0xF8;
unsigned long currentTime, duration;
unsigned long lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
unsigned long sampleTime_ms = 300000;
float ratio = 0;
float concentration = 0;
int last, lastDust, moist, moistP, quality, currentM, currentS, lastM;
float tempC, tempF, pressPA, pressHG, humidRH;
bool status,buttonState;
bool onState = LOW;
bool lastState = HIGH;
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_RESET);
Adafruit_BME280 bme;
AirQualitySensor sensor(A0);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);   
  waitFor(Serial.isConnected,15000);
  if (status == false)  {                         //Check BME Status
    display.printf("BME280 at address 0x%02X failed to initialize\n", BMEADD);
    display.display();
  } 
  Serial.printf("Waiting for AQ sensor to init...\n");
  delay(5000);   
  if (sensor.init()) {                            //initialize Air Quality Sensor
    Serial.printf("Sensor ready.\n");
  }
  else {
    Serial.printf("Sensor ERROR!\n");
  }  
  WiFi.connect();
  while(WiFi.connecting()) {                      //Wait for argon to connect to wifi
    Serial.printf(".");
  }
  display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, OLEDADD); 
  status = bme.begin(BMEADD);
  Time.zone ( -6);
  Particle.syncTime ();  
  display.display(); // show splashscreen
  delay(2000);
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.display();  
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  pinMode(SOILPIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(DUSTPIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(AQPIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(PUMPPIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D7,OUTPUT);        
  lastDust = millis();
  mqtt.subscribe(&mqttButton);
  envCheck();
  displayEnvironment(concentration);}

void loop() {    
  MQTT_connect();
  duration = pulseIn(DUSTPIN, LOW);                 //Dust sensor duration of particle interference
  lowpulseoccupancy = lowpulseoccupancy+duration;   //Dust sensor LPO Calculation   
  currentTime = millis();
  currentM = Time.minute();
  currentS = Time.second();  
  if ((millis() - lastDust) > sampleTime_ms) {       //update sensor values every 5 mins/publish to adafruit
    ratio = lowpulseoccupancy/(sampleTime_ms*10.0); // Dust Sensor Integer percentage 0=>100
    concentration = 1.1*pow(ratio,3)-3.8*pow(ratio,2)+520*ratio+0.62; // Dust particle concentration using spec sheet curve
    lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
    envCheck();    
    displayEnvironment(concentration);
    Serial.printf("Air Quality Sensor Value: %i\n",sensor.getValue());
    Serial.printf("Date: %i/%i/%i\nTime: %i:%02i\n",Time.month(),Time.day(),Time.year(),Time.hour(),Time.minute());
    Serial.printf("Moisture: %i %i%%\nTemp: %0.01f%cC, %0.01f%cF\n",moist,moistP,tempC,degree,tempF,degree);
    Serial.printf("Pressure: %0.02f inHG\nHumidity: %0.02f\nDust:%0.02f\nAir Quality: %i\n",pressHG,humidRH,concentration,quality);;
    lastDust = millis();
  }  
  Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe *subscription;
  while ((subscription = mqtt.readSubscription(200))) {
    if (subscription == &mqttButton) {              //Button input from dashboard (insert manual pump operation)
      buttonState = atoi((char *)mqttButton.lastread);
      Serial.printf("Received %i from Adafruit.io feed Argon LED Button \n",buttonState);
    }
  }
  if (buttonState != lastState) {
    if (buttonState == HIGH){
      onState = !onState;
    }
    lastState = buttonState;    
  }
  if (onState) {
    digitalWrite (D7, HIGH);
    manualPump ();
    onState = LOW;
  }
  else {
    digitalWrite (D7, LOW);
  }
  if ((millis()-last)>120000) {                     //MQTT Ping
    Serial.printf("Pinging MQTT \n");
    if(! mqtt.ping()) {
      Serial.printf("Disconnecting \n");
      mqtt.disconnect();
    }
    last = millis();
  }

  if (currentM == 0) {                              //Every 30 min (on the hour and half hour)   
    if (currentS <= 1) {                            //check moisture and water plant if needed
      moistCheck();                                 //and update OLED Display every 15 min
      displayEnvironment(concentration);
      publishSensors();
    }
  }
  if (currentM == 30) {  
    if (currentS <= 1) {      
      moistCheck();
      displayEnvironment(concentration);
      publishSensors();
    }
  }
  if (currentM == 15) {
    if (currentS <= 1)  {      
      displayEnvironment(concentration);
      publishSensors();
    }
  }  
  if (currentM == 45) {
    if (currentS <= 1)  {      
      displayEnvironment(concentration);
      publishSensors();
    }
  }  
}

void MQTT_connect() {
  int8_t ret;
 
  // Stop if already connected.
  if (mqtt.connected()) {
    return;
  }
 
  Serial.print("Connecting to MQTT... ");
 
  while ((ret = mqtt.connect()) != 0) { // connect will return 0 for connected
    Serial.printf("%s\n",(char *)mqtt.connectErrorString(ret));
    Serial.printf("Retrying MQTT connection in 5 seconds..\n");
    mqtt.disconnect();
    delay(5000);  // wait 5 seconds
  }
  Serial.printf("MQTT Connected!\n");
}

void envCheck ()  {    
  int i;  
  moist = analogRead(SOILPIN);                    //Moisture Sensor reading
  moistP = map(moist,2700,1150,0,100);                  
  tempC = bme.readTemperature();                  //BME Temp reading
  tempF = (map(tempC,0.0,100.0,32.0,212.0));      //BME Temp conversion C to F      
  pressPA = bme.readPressure();                   //BME Pressure reading
  pressHG = (map(pressPA,0.0,3386.39,0.0,1.0))+5; //BME Pressure conversion PA to inHG      
  humidRH = bme.readHumidity();                   //BME Humidity reading  
  quality = sensor.getValue();
  for (i=0;i<5;i++) {
    digitalWrite(D7,HIGH);
    delay(50);
    digitalWrite(D7,LOW);
    delay(50);
  }
}

void moistCheck () {                              //check moisture and activate pump for 250ms if needed
  display.clearDisplay();  
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  display.display();   
  display.printf("Reading Moisture...\nOptimal Range: 58%% to 71%%\n");
  display.display();
  moist = analogRead(SOILPIN);                    //Moisture Sensor reading
  moistP = map(moist,2700,1150,0,100);
  display.printf("Moisture Level: %i %i%%\n",moist, moistP);
  display.display();
  if (moist > 1800) {
    display.clearDisplay();      
    display.setCursor(0,0);
    display.printf("Engaging Water Pump...\n");
    display.display();
    delay (500);
    digitalWrite (PUMPPIN, HIGH);
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite (PUMPPIN,LOW); 
    display.clearDisplay();      
    display.setCursor(0,0);
    display.printf("Watering complete!\n");
    display.display();       
  } 
  else {
    display.clearDisplay();      
    display.setCursor(0,0);
    display.printf("Moisture within parameters\nNo watering needed.\n");
    display.display();
    delay (1050);
  }   
}
void publishSensors()  {
  if (mqtt.Update())  {
    mqttMoist.publish(moistP);
    mqttTemp.publish(tempF);
    mqttPress.publish(pressHG);
    mqttHumid.publish(humidRH);
    mqttDust.publish(concentration);
    mqttAQ.publish(quality);
  }  
}
void displayEnvironment(float dustCon)  {  
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  display.printf("Date: %i/%i/%i\nTime: %i:%02i\n",Time.month(),Time.day(),Time.year(),Time.hour(),Time.minute());
  display.printf("Moisture: %i %i%%\nTemp: %0.01f%cC, %0.01f%cF\n",moist,moistP,tempC,degree,tempF,degree);
  display.printf("Pressure: %0.02f inHG\nHumidity: %0.02f\nDust:%0.02f\nAir Quality: %i\n",pressHG,humidRH,dustCon,quality);
  display.display();
}

void manualPump () {
  display.clearDisplay();      
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  display.printf("Engaging Water Pump...\n");
  display.display();
  delay (500);
  digitalWrite (PUMPPIN, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite (PUMPPIN,LOW); 
  display.clearDisplay();      
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  display.printf("Watering complete!\n");
  display.display();
}