Water overflow detection using Esp32 and Twilio

Hardware Requirements

• Esp32
• Male-to-Male jumpers
• Small plastic container or a capsule, open at the bottom
• USB cable
• Breadboard

Software Requirements

• Code Editor (VS Code)
• NodeJS
• Arduino IDE

Making a Server for sending Call, SMS, Mail

Setting Up Twilio

First of all make an account in Twilio from here https://www.twilio.com/try-twilio.

Then signin to your Twilio account and go to your console

Goto Account Info

Get a free My Twilio phone number

Setting Up Gmailfor sending mail

Go to your google manage account

Goto Security

Make sure you have setup your 2 Step Verification

Then There will be a link for App password

Select app :- Mail

Select device :- Other

Give it a name and click generate

You will get 16 char password in yellow box save it

Making Express Server

Now open your code Editor

Make a folder and open the integrated terminal and use this code

npm init -y

This will initialize the nodejs and then enter this code

npm i express nodemon twilio nodemailer dotenv

make a .env file and add your folder

TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID=XXXXXXXXXXX
TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN=XXXXX
TWILIO_NUMBER=+1XXXX
GMAIL_SENDER=XXXXXX@gmail.com
GMAIL_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxx

Then make index.js file in it

require("dotenv").config();
const accountSid = process.env.TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID;
const authToken = process.env.TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN;
const twilioNumber = process.env.TWILIO_NUMBER;
const gmailSender = process.env.GMAIL_SENDER;
const gmailPass = process.env.GMAIL_PASSWORD;

const client = require("twilio")(accountSid, authToken);
const express = require("express");
var nodemailer = require("nodemailer");

const app = express();
const PORT = 5000;

//--------------------- welcome ------------------------------------

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
	res.send("Welcome to Water-Tank water level detector!!");
});

//--------------------- call ------------------------------------

app.get("/call/:number", async (req, res) => {
	try {
		await client.calls.create({
			twiml: "<Response><Say>Water Tank is about to overflow, be quick and turn off the electric motor!</Say></Response>",
			to: req.params.number,
			from: twilioNumber,
		});
		res.send({
			msg: "Call Sent successfully",
		});
	} catch (e) {
		res.status(500).send({
			err: "Something went wrong. Please try again.",
			msg: e,
		});
	}
});

//--------------------- sms ------------------------------------

app.get("/sms/:number", async (req, res) => {
	try {
		await client.messages.create({
			body: "Water Tank is about to overflow, be quick and turn off the electric motor!",
			to: req.params.number,
			from: twilioNumber,
		});
		res.send({
			msg: "SMS Sent successfully",
		});
	} catch (e) {
		res.status(500).send({
			err: "Something went wrong. Please try again.",
			msg: e,
		});
	}
});

//--------------------- mail ------------------------------------

var transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({
	service: "gmail",
	auth: {
		user: gmailSender,
		pass: gmailPass,
	},
});

app.get("/mail/:receiverMail", async (req, res) => {
	try {
		const mailOptions = {
			from: gmailSender,
			to: req.params.receiverMail,
			subject: "TURN OFF ELECTRIC MOTOR",
			text: "Water Tank is about to overflow, be quick and turn off the electric motor!",
		};
		
		transporter.sendMail(mailOptions, (err, info) => {
			if (err) {
				res.status(500).send({
					err: "Something Went Wrong. Try again!",
					msg: err,
				});
			} else {
				res.send({
					msg: "Mail Sent successfully",
				});
			}
		});
	} catch (e) {
		res.status(500).send({
			err: "Something went wrong. Please try again.",
		});
	}
});

//--------------------- listen ------------------------------------

app.listen(PORT, () => {
	console.log("Server Running at port: " + PORT);
});

Now to test the server run this cmd to your terminal

nodemon index.js

We have successfully created the server and api which can send call / sms / mail

Now deploy it to github repo

Deploy the serverto vercel

you can deploy this to anywhere here I have deployed it to vercel and connect it with github

Goto dashboard and add new project

Select the repo you have created ( click import )

Under configure project

Add environment variables and deploy

After that it should look like this

make a file in folder with

vercel.json

add this to it

{
    "version": 2,
    "builds": [
        {
            "src": "./index.js",
            "use": "@vercel/node"
        }
    ],
    "routes": [
        {
            "src": "/(.*)",
            "dest": "/"
        }
    ]
}

Final file configuration

Setting up the Hardware

Esp32configuration for jumpers

• GND ➡️ -ve ( a.k.a Earthing )
• A5 ➡️ ❌ ( a.k.a Touch sensor)
• IO15 ➡️❌` ( a.k.a Analog Sensor)
• -ve ➡️ ❌

Here ❌ is for capsule as you can see from images down

Make sure wires are separated

F inally your setup should look something like this

Code in Arduino IDE

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>

// Declaring pin number
const int waterSensorPin = 4;
const int voltageSensorPin = 32;

// Declaring wifi info
const char* WIFI_SSID = "your wifi name";
const char* WIFI_PASS = "your wifi password";

// Server domain name
String ServerName = "your server link";

// Mobile number along with country code
String OwnerPhNo = "your mobile number";
String MailAdd = "your email address";

// Sensory data 
float waterSensorValue = 0;
float voltageValue = 0;

// Counter for confirming correct data
int confirmationCounter = 0;

// Waiting for water tank to change its state from full to not-full
bool tankFull = false;


void sendAlert(){
  // Checking the wifi connection and http connection
  if(WiFi.status()== WL_CONNECTED){
      HTTPClient http;

      String serverPath = ServerName + "/mail/" + MailAdd; // Setting Mail
      // String serverPath = ServerName + "/sms/" + OwnerPhNo; // Setting SMS
      // String serverPath = ServerName + "/call/" + OwnerPhNo; // Setting Call
      
      // Your Domain name with URL path or IP address with path
      http.begin(serverPath.c_str());

      // Send HTTP GET request
      int httpResponseCode = http.GET();
      
      if (httpResponseCode > 0) {
        Serial.print("HTTP Response code: ");
        Serial.println(httpResponseCode);
        String payload = http.getString();
        Serial.println(payload);
      }
      else {
        Serial.print("Error code: ");
        Serial.println(httpResponseCode);
      }
      // Free resources
      http.end();
    }
    else {
      Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected");
    }
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(1000);

  // Connecting to wifi
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS);
  Serial.println("\nConnecting to wifi");

  while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
      Serial.print(".");
      delay(100);
  }

  Serial.println("\nConnected to the WiFi network");

}

void loop() {
  // Reading Water-Sensor Value
  waterSensorValue = touchRead(waterSensorPin);

  // Reading Voltage Value
  voltageValue = analogRead(voltageSensorPin);

  // Checking if the tank is full
  if((waterSensorValue == 0) && (voltageValue < 0.001 || voltageValue >= 0)) 
  {
    if (tankFull == false) confirmationCounter++;
    else confirmationCounter = 0;
  }

  else{
    tankFull = false;
  }

  // For safety we will check for n iteration (here 5) that the tank is really full and then send notification to the owner
  if(confirmationCounter == 5){    
    tankFull = true;
    Serial.println("Sending Notification...");
    sendAlert();
  }

  delay(500);
}

you can setup mail alert or call alert or sms alert just refer the function sendAlert()

How does It works

• Esp32 takes input from touch and analog sensors
• If there is no water there will be some touch value and voltage in the wires
• If wires come in contact with water the voltage V = 0 and touch = 0 because of grounding and no voltage present in water
• The controller detects this change and sends the http request to the server
• then the server sends the notification / sms / call to the user as specified

Testing the setup

Result

• It can help in preventing wastage of water
• Can be used as a software and hardware project

Future Improvements

• you can make this thing solid and compact
• you can add a battery to it
• you can place it in tank at the top from inside
• use good quality wire for sustainability