How Does a Ultrasonic Module Work

Team RZtronics:

Published November 17, 2016 © CC BY

Ultrasonic Range Detector Using Arduino and SR-04F

Make a Ultrasonic Range Detector Using Arduino and SR-04F to measure any distance without using rulers with this simple tutorial.

BeginnerProtip1 hour58,272

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino UNO

Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic)

Jumper wires (generic)

Breadboard (generic)

Story

Want to make a tool that measures distance without using ruler, then this mini project will be the best solution for it. Here we are gonna make a Arduino distance measuring device with a ultrasonic module similar to a bat. So lets get started!

For more tutorials visit this link.

How Does a Ultrasonic Module Work?

SR-04F Working

This module consists of two drums, one of which is a emitter that emits ultrasound and other is receiver which receives the reflected ultrasound from the object. The emitter drum emits ultrasound when we trigger the module using the trigPin by sending a 10 microseconds high pulse.

As soon as the ultrasound is emitted through the emitter the module makes the echoPin high. Emitted ultrasound travels forward till it gets reflected by object and then travels backward. The reflected ultrasound is detected by the receiver.

When the reflected ultrasound is received by the receiver, echoPin is made low. Now we have the time take by the ultrasound to reach the object and again reach the source which is also equal to the duration for which the echoPin was high. This time is stored in the microcontroller. Therefore travel time of ultrasound between just source to object is half the time take to travel source-object-source we know that:

Distance=Speed x Total Time

But time take to travel distance is half of total time:

2xDistance

Distance=(Time/2) x Speed
Distance=(Time/2) x 29.1

Where 29.1 is the speed of ultrasound in centimeter/microseconds.

Code

Code For Arduino

Code For Arduino

C/C++

This is a very simple code,First we declare pin 13 as trigPin and pin 12 as echoPin and then we set trigPin as Output so that we can send signal to Module from Arduino and echoPin as Input to receive signal from Module.Further we declare two variables ‘duration’ and ‘distance’ to store time taken to receive.

To get the distance of an object from the module we first send a 10 Microsecond High pulse to the Module through the trigPin this triggers the module to get the distance.
Uploading and Getting the Distance

Uploading Code-
After connecting the module to Arduino we can now Upload the code to the Arduino.
After uploading code,in Arduino IDE go to Tools>>Serial Monitor and Press any Key,You will get the distance between the Module and Object in the SERIAL MONITOR.Vary the distance and check for values

#define trigPin 13
#define echoPin 12
void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin (9600);
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() 
{
  long duration, distance;
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);        
  delayMicroseconds(2);              
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);           
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;
  if (distance >= 200 || distance <= 0)
  {
    Serial.println("Out of range");
  }
  else 
  {
    Serial.print(distance);
    Serial.println(" cm");
  }
  delay(500);
}

Credits

RZtronics

1 project • 18 followers

I'm an Electronics Enthusiast,Loves Robotics Arduino and Raspberry Pi!! I make Different Projects every Month and make Tutorials

Thanks to RZtronics.

Ultrasonic Range Detector Using Arduino and SR-04F

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Story

How Does a Ultrasonic Module Work?

Schematics

Wiring Up the Circuit

Code

Code For Arduino

Credits

RZtronics

Comments

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Ultrasonic Range Detector Using Arduino and SR-04F

Ultrasonic Range Detector Using Arduino and SR-04F

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Story

How Does a Ultrasonic Module Work?

Schematics

Wiring Up the Circuit

Code

Code For Arduino

Credits

RZtronics

Comments

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