Control Board for 6 Servomotors based on Arduino for Robotic

In the last few weeks we started developing this robotic arm. It is made up of 5 servomotors. To facilitate its development, it was necessary to create a control center to connect and control all servomotors.

In this application we decided to develop the project of an electronic board to receive power from the circuit, power and control all the project's servomotors.

In this article we will discuss the functioning of the board's electronic circuit and show all its features so that it can be applied in numerous robotics projects.Below you can see the 3D image of our printed circuit board.

Therefore, at the end of this article you will learn the following points below:

• How the electronic circuit structure of the USB-C Port works,
• How the USB-SERIAL converter circuit works with the CH340G CHIP,
• +5V Voltage Regulator Circuit, and
• ATMEGA328P CHIP configuration circuit.

Now, let's understand each part of the electronic circuit.

Project Electronic Circuit

Below we have the complete electronic schematic for this project.

Next, we will begin the presentation of the USB-C connector circuit block and voltage regulator circuit.

USB-C circuit and voltage regulator

Using circuits with USB Type-C connectors offers several advantages over older USB connectors such as USB-A and USB-B. Here are some of the most significant advantages:

• The USB-C connector is symmetrical, which means it can be inserted in any direction, making it much more convenient compared to USB-A and USB-B connectors that have a specific orientation. This eliminates the frustration of trying to connect the cable correctly.
• Higher data transfer rate: USB-C supports faster data transfer speeds than its predecessors. It can support transfer rates of up to 10 Gbps (USB 3.1 Gen 2), which is twice as fast as USB 3.0 (USB-A).
• Higher power capacity: USB-C supports higher power than previous USB connectors. This allows you to charge devices faster and provide power to more power-hungry devices like laptops, monitors, and even some virtual reality devices.
• Universal compatibility: USB-C is becoming a widely accepted standard in electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, desktops, accessories and peripherals. This means you can use the same cable to connect a variety of devices, reducing clutter and the need to carry multiple types of cables.
• Compact Dimensions: USB-C connectors are small and compact, making them ideal for thin and light devices. This helps in creating more elegant device designs.
• Durability: USB-C connectors are designed to withstand a significant number of plugging and unplugging cycles, making them more durable than some older connectors.

Based on these various advantages mentioned, we used a USB - C connection circuit made available by PCBWay and assembled the circuit below.

See the electronic schematic below and observe the USB-C port connection diagram.

In the electronic design of the printed circuit board, this circuit has two functionalities:

• Allow the transfer of code from the computer to the Microcontroller;
• Power supply to the electronic board via the USB-C port, but be aware that the USB-C port is not used to supply current and voltage to the servomotors connected to the PWM pins. The motors are powered via the 7.4V battery connector.

Circuit board electronic power supply

There are two ways to power the circuit board. You can power it via the USB-C port and the 7.4V Li-Ion battery connector. USB-C is a circuit that allows us to power the CHIP with a maximum input voltage of +5V. The main function of the USB-C port is to transfer code from the computer to the ATMEGA328P Microcontroller.

In this project, a power supply selector circuit was inserted, if the project is powered by batteries and the USB-C port at the same time. In this case, the circuit selects batteries as the main power source to power the project. If the battery is not connected, the main source will be the USB-C port.

The circuit that performs this function is shown below.

Furthermore, a +5V voltage regulator circuit was placed to regulate the supply voltage of the ATMEGA328P CHIP. The voltage regulator circuit is shown below.

USB-Serial Converter Circuit

The USB-Serial converter circuit was developed with the CH340 CHIP and aims to allow the transfer of code to the Microcontroller through the circuit's USB-C port. Below we have the complete circuit diagram.

After transfer, the data will be written to the ATMEGA328P Microcontroller circuit.

ATMEGA328P Microcontroller Circuit

The ATMEGA328P has a basic operating circuit. Below we have all the Microcontroller connection blocks, its clock circuit and the reset button for the project application.

Additionally, we inserted some connectors to facilitate the connection of various other devices to the project, such as buttons, sensors and other elements.

From the electronic diagram presented, the layout of the printed circuit board was developed. It is presented below.📷

This printed circuit board works similar to the Arduino UNO circuit. However, we made it with the purpose of being used to control mobile robots and robotic arms that use servomotors controlled by PWM and powered by a Li-Ion battery.

One of the great features of this electronic board is that you can power supply your project with batteries that provide enough electrical current to activate the servomotors.

We provide 4 files of the electronic design of the printed circuit board.

• Electronic Schematic,
• GRBL File,
• BOM File, and
• CPL File.

The electronic schematic shows all the electronic connections of the project circuit. The GRBL file is used to manufacture the structure of the printed circuit board and you can use it to earn 5 units of this electronic board and solder the electronic components at home. In the next topic you will discover how to win 5 electronic boards for free from PCBWay.

The Bill of Materials (BOM) and Component Placement List (CPL) files are 2 very important files in the electronic board assembly process.

The Bill of Materials provides the list of materials you will need to assemble your electronic board. Finally, the CPL file provides the positions and angle of each electronic component on your printed circuit board. It will be used by the pick and place machine to position your electronic components on your circuit board during the assembly process.

From there, we have our printed circuit board ready to be shipped and manufactured at PCBWay. Did you know you can get 5 free units of this circuit board? After all, how to receive it? Do you want to know how to get 5 units of this electronic board in your home?

Access the PCBWay website, create your account through this link and you can request 5 free units to assemble your electronic projects.

Final thoughts

If you want to manufacture an electronic board and turn it into a product for mobile robot drives or servomotor-driven robotic arms, it is useful and will meet your project demands.

Furthermore, if you want, you can use it as an Arduino and control other electronic projects of your interest.

We thank PCBWay for their support in the development of this project. Take advantage now and get 5 free units of this electronic project for you to assemble in your home.