Garbage Detection using Drone and Computer Vision

/* Includes ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
#include <garbage-detection_inferencing.h>
#include "edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/image/image.hpp"

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include "PubSubClient.h"
#include "WiFi.h"

// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";

const char* mqttServer = "broker.hivemq.com";
int mqttPort = 1883;

WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);

// Select camera model - find more camera models in camera_pins.h file here
// https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/libraries/ESP32/examples/Camera/CameraWebServer/camera_pins.h

#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     -1 
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1 
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM     10 
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     40 
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     39
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       48 
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       11 
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       12 
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       14 
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       16 
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       18 
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       17 
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM       15 
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    38 
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     47 
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     13

/* Constant defines -------------------------------------------------------- */
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS           320
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS           240
#define EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE                 3

/* Private variables ------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool debug_nn = false; // Set this to true to see e.g. features generated from the raw signal
static bool is_initialised = false;
uint8_t *snapshot_buf; //points to the output of the capture

static camera_config_t camera_config = {
    .pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM,

    .pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM,

    //XCLK 20MHz or 10MHz for OV2640 double FPS (Experimental)
    .xclk_freq_hz = 20000000,
    .ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0,
    .ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,

    .pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG, //YUV422,GRAYSCALE,RGB565,JPEG
    .frame_size = FRAMESIZE_QVGA,    //QQVGA-UXGA Do not use sizes above QVGA when not JPEG

    .jpeg_quality = 12, //0-63 lower number means higher quality
    .fb_count = 1,       //if more than one, i2s runs in continuous mode. Use only with JPEG
    .fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_PSRAM,
    .grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_WHEN_EMPTY,
};

/* Function definitions ------------------------------------------------------- */
bool ei_camera_init(void);
void ei_camera_deinit(void);
bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) ;


void initWiFi() {
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi ..");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print('.');
    delay(1000);
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

/**
* @brief      Arduino setup function
*/
void setup()
{
    // put your setup code here, to run once:
    Serial.begin(115200);
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
    WiFi.disconnect();
    delay(100);

    initWiFi(); 

    client.setServer(mqttServer, mqttPort);
     while (!client.connected()) {
      Serial.println("Connecting to MQTT...");
       if (client.connect("garbage-sensor-01")) {
         Serial.println("connected");
       } else {
        Serial.print("failed with state ");
        Serial.print(client.state());
        delay(2000);
      }
    }
       
    //comment out the below line to start inference immediately after upload
    while (!Serial);
    Serial.println("Edge Impulse Inferencing Demo");
    if (ei_camera_init() == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to initialize Camera!\r\n");
    }
    else {
        ei_printf("Camera initialized\r\n");
    }

    ei_printf("\nStarting continious inference in 2 seconds...\n");
    ei_sleep(2000);
}

/**
* @brief      Get data and run inferencing
*
* @param[in]  debug  Get debug info if true
*/
void loop()
{

    // instead of wait_ms, we'll wait on the signal, this allows threads to cancel us...
    if (ei_sleep(5) != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
        return;
    }

    snapshot_buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS * EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS * EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE);

    // check if allocation was successful
    if(snapshot_buf == nullptr) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to allocate snapshot buffer!\n");
        return;
    }

    ei::signal_t signal;
    signal.total_length = EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH * EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT;
    signal.get_data = &ei_camera_get_data;

    if (ei_camera_capture((size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH, (size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT, snapshot_buf) == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to capture image\r\n");
        free(snapshot_buf);
        return;
    }

    // Run the classifier
    ei_impulse_result_t result = { 0 };

    EI_IMPULSE_ERROR err = run_classifier(&signal, &result, debug_nn);
    if (err != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to run classifier (%d)\n", err);
        return;
    }

    // print the predictions
    ei_printf("Predictions (DSP: %d ms., Classification: %d ms., Anomaly: %d ms.): \n",
                result.timing.dsp, result.timing.classification, result.timing.anomaly);

#if EI_CLASSIFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION == 1
    bool bb_found = result.bounding_boxes[0].value > 0;
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < result.bounding_boxes_count; ix++) {
        auto bb = result.bounding_boxes[ix];
        if (bb.value == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        ei_printf("    %s (%f) [ x: %u, y: %u, width: %u, height: %u ]\n", bb.label, bb.value, bb.x, bb.y, bb.width, bb.height);
        
        //publish object detection results to MQTT Broker
        String payload = bb.label + String(bb.value);
        client.publish("trash_status", payload.c_str());
    }
    if (!bb_found) {
        ei_printf("    No objects found\n");
    }
#else
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < EI_CLASSIFIER_LABEL_COUNT; ix++) {
        ei_printf("    %s: %.5f\n", result.classification[ix].label,
                                    result.classification[ix].value);
        
    }
#endif

#if EI_CLASSIFIER_HAS_ANOMALY == 1
        ei_printf("    anomaly score: %.3f\n", result.anomaly);
#endif


    free(snapshot_buf);
    delay(100);
    client.loop();

}

/**
 * @brief   Setup image sensor & start streaming
 *
 * @retval  false if initialisation failed
 */
bool ei_camera_init(void) {

    if (is_initialised) return true;

#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
  pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);
#endif

    //initialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&camera_config);
    if (err != ESP_OK) {
      Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x\n", err);
      return false;
    }

    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    // initial sensors are flipped vertically and colors are a bit saturated
    if (s->id.PID == OV3660_PID) {
      s->set_vflip(s, 1); // flip it back
      s->set_brightness(s, 1); // up the brightness just a bit
      s->set_saturation(s, 0); // lower the saturation
    }

#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
    s->set_awb_gain(s, 1);
#endif

    is_initialised = true;
    return true;
}

/**
 * @brief      Stop streaming of sensor data
 */
void ei_camera_deinit(void) {

    //deinitialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_deinit();

    if (err != ESP_OK)
    {
        ei_printf("Camera deinit failed\n");
        return;
    }

    is_initialised = false;
    return;
}


/**
 * @brief      Capture, rescale and crop image
 *
 * @param[in]  img_width     width of output image
 * @param[in]  img_height    height of output image
 * @param[in]  out_buf       pointer to store output image, NULL may be used
 *                           if ei_camera_frame_buffer is to be used for capture and resize/cropping.
 *
 * @retval     false if not initialised, image captured, rescaled or cropped failed
 *
 */
bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) {
    bool do_resize = false;

    if (!is_initialised) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Camera is not initialized\r\n");
        return false;
    }

    camera_fb_t *fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

    if (!fb) {
        ei_printf("Camera capture failed\n");
        return false;
    }

   bool converted = fmt2rgb888(fb->buf, fb->len, PIXFORMAT_JPEG, snapshot_buf);

   esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

   if(!converted){
       ei_printf("Conversion failed\n");
       return false;
   }

    if ((img_width != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS)
        || (img_height != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS)) {
        do_resize = true;
    }

    if (do_resize) {
        ei::image::processing::crop_and_interpolate_rgb888(
        out_buf,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS,
        out_buf,
        img_width,
        img_height);
    }


    return true;
}

static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr)
{
    // we already have a RGB888 buffer, so recalculate offset into pixel index
    size_t pixel_ix = offset * 3;
    size_t pixels_left = length;
    size_t out_ptr_ix = 0;

    while (pixels_left != 0) {
        out_ptr[out_ptr_ix] = (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix] << 16) + (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 1] << 8) + snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 2];

        // go to the next pixel
        out_ptr_ix++;
        pixel_ix+=3;
        pixels_left--;
    }
    // and done!
    return 0;
}

#if !defined(EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR) || EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR != EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR_CAMERA
#error "Invalid model for current sensor"
#endif