Overview
Things
Story

The current traffic signalling system is time-based, which can lead to inefficient lane operations. This traffic congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world, and therefore it is time to shift from a more manual mode or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision-making capabilities
The project is aimed at designing a density-based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing of the signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction. Sometimes, higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to the standard allotted time.Therefore, we propose here a mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the traffic present at that time
This is achieved by using PIR (proximity Infrared sensors). These sensors will be placed on the sides of the road, which will in-turn detect the presence of the vehicles and send the information to the microcontroller (Arduino)
Once the density is calculated, the glowing time of green light is assigned by the help of the microcontroller (Arduino), which will in-turn determine how long a flank will be open and when to change over the signal lights.Hence, reducing traffic congestion without any manual intervention

Custom parts and enclosures
Code
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Team Vibhathya_creations:

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Published August 3, 2022 © GPL3+

Density Based Traffic control system

Density Based Traffic control system with Priority to Emergency Vehicles using Arduino Mega 2560

IntermediateWork in progress1,186

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Resistor 220 ohm

Through Hole Resistor, 47 kohm

Resistor 1M ohm

5 mm LED: Red

5 mm LED: Green

5 mm LED: Yellow

7 Segment LED Display, Red

Antenna, RFID

Jumper wires (generic)

Female/Female Jumper Wires

Male/Female Jumper Wires

Circular Connector Cable Seal, Heat Shrinkable Sealing Boot

Electrolytic Capacitor, 0.1 µF

Ceramic Disc Capacitor, 0.1 µF

9V battery (generic)

9V Battery Clip

Thermopile IR Sensor, TS105-10L5.5mm

Arduino Mega 2560

Linear Regulator (7805)

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

Solder Wire, Lead Free

Solder Flux, Soldering

Wire Stripper & Cutter, 18-10 AWG / 0.75-4mm² Capacity Wires

Story

1 / 3

The current traffic signalling system is time-based, which can lead to inefficient lane operations. This traffic congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world, and therefore it is time to shift from a more manual mode or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision-making capabilities.

The project is aimed at designing a density-based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing of the signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction. Sometimes, higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to the standard allotted time.Therefore, we propose here a mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the traffic present at that time.

This is achieved by using PIR (proximity Infrared sensors). These sensors will be placed on the sides of the road, which will in-turn detect the presence of the vehicles and send the information to the microcontroller (Arduino).

Once the density is calculated, the glowing time of green light is assigned by the help of the microcontroller (Arduino), which will in-turn determine how long a flank will be open and when to change over the signal lights.Hence, reducing traffic congestion without any manual intervention.

Code

Source code

#define R1 13
#define Y1 12
#define G1 11
#define R2 10
#define Y2 9
#define G2 8
#define R3 7
#define Y3 6
#define G3 5
#define R4 4
#define Y4 3
#define G4 2







 //Prepare binary array for all 7 segment to turn on 7 segment at position of a,b,c,d,e,f,g
int digit[10] = {0b0111111, 0b0000110, 0b1011011, 0b1001111, 0b1100110, 0b1101101, 0b1111101, 0b0000111, 0b1111111, 0b1101111};

int digit1, digit2; // initialize individual digit to controll each segment


void dis(int num)
{
  for (int i = 22; i< 29; i++)
  {
digitalWrite(i, bitRead(digit[num], i - 22));
  }
}

void dis2(int num)
{
  for (int i = 40; i< 47; i++)
  {
digitalWrite(i, bitRead(digit[num], i - 40));
  }
}

void dis3(int num)
{
  for (int i = 49; i< 54; i++)
  {
digitalWrite(i, bitRead(digit[num], i - 49));
  }
  int i=54;
digitalWrite(A8,bitRead(digit[num],i-49));
i++;
digitalWrite(A9,bitRead(digit[num],i-49));
}


void dis1(int num)
{
  for (int i = 31; i< 38; i++)
  {
digitalWrite(i, bitRead(digit[num], i - 31));
  }
}














void setup()
{

pinMode(R1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G1,OUTPUT);

pinMode(R2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G2,OUTPUT);

pinMode(R3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G3,OUTPUT);

pinMode(R4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G4,OUTPUT);


pinMode(A0,INPUT);
pinMode(A1,INPUT);
pinMode(A2,INPUT);
pinMode(A3,INPUT);
pinMode(A4,INPUT);
pinMode(A5,INPUT);
pinMode(A6,INPUT);
pinMode(A7,INPUT);




  for (int i = 22; i< 29; i++)
  {
pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // declare 0-9 th pin as output
  }
pinMode(29, OUTPUT); //declare 7 seg Digit1 pin as output
pinMode(30, OUTPUT);//declare 7 seg Digit2 pin as output

  for (int i = 40; i< 47; i++)
  {
pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // declare 0-9 th pin as output
  }
pinMode(48, OUTPUT); //declare 7 seg Digit1 pin as output
pinMode(47, OUTPUT);//declare 7 seg Digit2 pin as output

 for (int i = 49; i< 54; i++)
  {
pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // declare 0-9 th pin as output
  }
pinMode(A8, OUTPUT); 
pinMode(A9, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A10, OUTPUT); 
pinMode(A11, OUTPUT);

 for (int i = 31; i< 38; i++)
  {
pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // declare 0-9 th pin as output
  }
pinMode(39, OUTPUT); //declare 7 seg Digit1 pin as output
pinMode(38, OUTPUT);//declare 7 seg Digit2 pin as output

pinMode(19,INPUT_PULLUP);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(19),ambulance,LOW);







}
void loop() {
  int IR1=analogRead(A6);
  int IR2=analogRead(A7);
if(IR1<=60 && IR2<=60)
  {


digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);


  for (int j = 90; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R2, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;
    for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(30, HIGH);
digitalWrite(29, LOW);
      dis(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(29, HIGH);
digitalWrite(30, LOW);
      dis(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}

else if (IR1<=60 && IR2>60)
  {


digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);




 for (int j = 60; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R2, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(30, HIGH);
digitalWrite(29, LOW);
      dis(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(29, HIGH);
digitalWrite(30, LOW);
      dis(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}


    else if (IR1>60 && IR2>60)
  {


digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);




 for (int j = 30; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R2, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(30, HIGH);
digitalWrite(29, LOW);
      dis(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(29, HIGH);
digitalWrite(30, LOW);
      dis(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}

int IR3=analogRead(A0);
int IR4=analogRead(A1);

if(IR3<=60 && IR4<=60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);

  for (int j = 90; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R3, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(39, HIGH);
digitalWrite(38, LOW);
      dis1(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(38, HIGH);
digitalWrite(39, LOW);
      dis1(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}


else if(IR3<=60 && IR4>60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);

  for (int j = 60; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R3, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(39, HIGH);
digitalWrite(38, LOW);
      dis1(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(38, HIGH);
digitalWrite(39, LOW);
      dis1(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}


else if(IR3>60 && IR4>60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);

  for (int j = 30; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R3, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(39, HIGH);
digitalWrite(38, LOW);
      dis1(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(38, HIGH);
digitalWrite(39, LOW);
      dis1(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}



int IR5=analogRead(A2);
int IR6=analogRead(A3);

 if (IR5<=60 && IR6<=60)
  {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);




 for (int j = 90; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(47, HIGH);
digitalWrite(48, LOW);
      dis2(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(48, HIGH);
digitalWrite(47, LOW);
      dis2(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}


  else if (IR5<=60 && IR6>60)
  {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);


     for (int j = 60; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(47, HIGH);
digitalWrite(48, LOW);
      dis2(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(48, HIGH);
digitalWrite(47, LOW);
      dis2(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}


 else if(IR5>60 && IR6>60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);


     for (int j = 30; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(47, HIGH);
digitalWrite(48, LOW);
      dis2(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(48, HIGH);
digitalWrite(47, LOW);
      dis2(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}     


int IR7=analogRead(A4);
int IR8=analogRead(A5);

if(IR7<=60 && IR8<=60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(20);

  for (int j = 90; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(A10, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A11, LOW);
      dis3(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(A11, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A10, LOW);
      dis3(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}     


 else if(IR7<=60 && IR8>60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(20);

  for (int j = 60; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(A10, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A11, LOW);
      dis3(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(A11, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A10, LOW);
      dis3(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}     


  else if(IR7>60 && IR8>60)
   {


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(20);

  for (int j = 30; j>=0; j--)// for lopp to pass value from 00-99
  {
    if(j==10)
    {
digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1, LOW);
    }
    digit2 = j / 10;
    digit1 = j % 10;


        for ( int k = 0; k < 35; k++)// For loop to control the digit control to print 00-99
    {
digitalWrite(A10, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A11, LOW);
      dis3(digit2);
delay(10);




digitalWrite(A11, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A10, LOW);
      dis3(digit1);
delay(15);
    }
  }
}

}



void ambulance()
{

run();

}

void run()
{
int  s=analogRead(A13);

  while(s<=500)
    {

digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(20);
 s=analogRead(A13);
delay(20);

    }


digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
delay(20);

digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
delay(20);




}