chloe zhang
Published

LoRaWAN Based TinyML Snake Recognition System

A snake recognition project using XIAO ESP32-S3 Sense development board, combined with Arduino and Edge Impulse.

IntermediateFull instructions provided4 hours1,027
LoRaWAN Based TinyML Snake Recognition System

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32S3 Sense
Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32S3 Sense
×1
Grove - Wio-E5 (STM32WLE5JC)
Seeed Studio Grove - Wio-E5 (STM32WLE5JC)
×1
SenseCAP M2 Multi-Platform LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway(SX1302) - EU868
Seeed Studio SenseCAP M2 Multi-Platform LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway(SX1302) - EU868
×1
Grove Shield for Seeeduino XIAO - with embedded battery management chip
Seeed Studio Grove Shield for Seeeduino XIAO - with embedded battery management chip
×1

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE
Edge Impulse Studio
Edge Impulse Studio

Story

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Code

Datacake Decoder

JavaScript
 function Decoder(bytes, port) {
    var decoded = {};
    var channel_id = bytes[0];
    if (channel_id === 0x01) {
        console.log("Snake detected!");
        return (
            {
                "field": "Snake",
                "value": 1
            }
            );
    }

    else if (channel_id === 0x00) {
        console.log("None detected!!");
        return (
            {
                "field": "Snake",
                "value": 0
            }
            );
    }
}

Data transmition

C/C++
const char* get_data;

void loop(void)
{
    get_data = object_detection();
    if (is_exist)
    {
        int ret = 0;
        if (is_join)
        {
            ret = at_send_check_response("+JOIN: Network joined", 12000, "AT+JOIN\r\n");
            if (ret)
            {
                is_join = false;
            }
            else
            {
                at_send_check_response("+ID: AppEui", 1000, "AT+ID\r\n");
                Serial.print("JOIN failed!\r\n\r\n");
                delay(5000);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            char cmd[128];
            sprintf(cmd, "AT+CMSGHEX=\"%d\"\r\n", atoi(get_data));
            ret = at_send_check_response("Done", 5000, cmd);
            if (ret)
            {
                recv_prase(recv_buf);
            }
            else
            {
                Serial.print("Send failed!\r\n\r\n");
            }
            delay(5000);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        delay(1000);
    }
}

Camera Configuration

C/C++
#include "object_detection.h"
#include <snake_inferencing.h>
#include "edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/image/image.hpp"
#include "esp_camera.h"
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM     10
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     40
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     39


#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       48
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       11
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       12
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       14
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       16
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       17
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM       15
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    38
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     47
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     13
#define LED_GPIO_NUM      21


/* Constant defines -------------------------------------------------------- */
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS           320
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS           240
#define EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE                 3


/* Private variables ------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool debug_nn = false; // Set this to true to see e.g. features generated from the raw signal
static bool is_initialised = false;
uint8_t *snapshot_buf; //points to the output of the capture


static camera_config_t camera_config = {
    .pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM,


    .pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM,


    //XCLK 20MHz or 10MHz for OV2640 double FPS (Experimental)
    .xclk_freq_hz = 20000000,
    .ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0,
    .ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,


    .pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG, //YUV422,GRAYSCALE,RGB565,JPEG
    .frame_size = FRAMESIZE_QVGA,    //QQVGA-UXGA Do not use sizes above QVGA when not JPEG


    .jpeg_quality = 12, //0-63 lower number means higher quality
    .fb_count = 1,       //if more than one, i2s runs in continuous mode. Use only with JPEG
    .fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_PSRAM,
    .grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_WHEN_EMPTY,
};


/* Function definitions ------------------------------------------------------- */
bool ei_camera_init(void);
void ei_camera_deinit(void);
bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf);
static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr);
extern const char* object_detection();


// int raw_feature_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr) {
//     memcpy(out_ptr, features + offset, length * sizeof(float));
//     return 0;
// }
void camera_init()
{
  if (ei_camera_init() == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to initialize Camera!\r\n");
    }
    else {
        ei_printf("Camera initialized\r\n");
    }
}

Object_Detection

C/C++
const char* object_detection()
{
  if (ei_sleep(5) != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
      return "";
    }


    snapshot_buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS * EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS * EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE);


    // check if allocation was successful
    if(snapshot_buf == nullptr) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to allocate snapshot buffer!\n");
        free(snapshot_buf);
        return "";
    }

    ei::signal_t signal;
    signal.total_length = EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH * EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT;
    signal.get_data = &ei_camera_get_data;

    if (ei_camera_capture((size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH, (size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT, snapshot_buf) == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to capture image\r\n");
        free(snapshot_buf);
        return "";
    }


    // Run the classifier
    ei_impulse_result_t result = { 0 };


    EI_IMPULSE_ERROR err = run_classifier(&signal, &result, debug_nn);
    if (err != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to run classifier (%d)\n", err);
        return "";
    }

    // print the predictions
    ei_printf("Predictions (DSP: %d ms., Classification: %d ms., Anomaly: %d ms.): \n",
                result.timing.dsp, result.timing.classification, result.timing.anomaly);


#if EI_CLASSIFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION == 1
    bool bb_found = result.bounding_boxes[0].value > 0;
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < result.bounding_boxes_count; ix++) {
        auto bb = result.bounding_boxes[ix];
        if (bb.value == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        ei_printf("    %s (%f) [ x: %u, y: %u, width: %u, height: %u ]\n", bb.label, bb.value, bb.x, bb.y, bb.width, bb.height);
        const char* detection;
        if (bb.label == "Snake"){detection = "1";}
        else detection = "0";
        return detection;
        
    }
    if (!bb_found) {
        ei_printf("    No objects found\n");
        return "";
    }
#else
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < EI_CLASSIFIER_LABEL_COUNT; ix++) {
        ei_printf("    %s: %.5f\n", result.classification[ix].label,
                                    result.classification[ix].value);
    }
#endif


#if EI_CLASSIFIER_HAS_ANOMALY == 1
        ei_printf("    anomaly score: %.3f\n", result.anomaly);
#endif


    free(snapshot_buf);
}


bool ei_camera_init(void) {


    if (is_initialised) return true;


#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
  pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);
#endif


    //initialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&camera_config);
    // Serial.println("!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!");
    if (err != ESP_OK) {
      Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x\n", err);
      return false;
    }


    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    // initial sensors are flipped vertically and colors are a bit saturated
    if (s->id.PID == OV3660_PID) {
      s->set_vflip(s, 1); // flip it back
      s->set_brightness(s, 1); // up the brightness just a bit
      s->set_saturation(s, 0); // lower the saturation
    }


#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
    s->set_awb_gain(s, 1);
#endif


    is_initialised = true;
    return true;
}

void ei_camera_deinit(void) {


    //deinitialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_deinit();


    if (err != ESP_OK)
    {
        ei_printf("Camera deinit failed\n");
        return;
    }

    is_initialised = false;
    return;
}


bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) {
    bool do_resize = false;


    if (!is_initialised) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Camera is not initialized\r\n");
        return false;
    }


    camera_fb_t *fb = esp_camera_fb_get();


    if (!fb) {
        ei_printf("Camera capture failed\n");
        return false;
    }


   bool converted = fmt2rgb888(fb->buf, fb->len, PIXFORMAT_JPEG, snapshot_buf);


   esp_camera_fb_return(fb);


   if(!converted){
       ei_printf("Conversion failed\n");
       return false;
   }


    if ((img_width != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS)
        || (img_height != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS)) {
        do_resize = true;
    }


    if (do_resize) {
        ei::image::processing::crop_and_interpolate_rgb888(
        out_buf,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS,
        out_buf,
        img_width,
        img_height);
    }


    return true;
}


static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr)
{
    // we already have a RGB888 buffer, so recalculate offset into pixel index
    size_t pixel_ix = offset * 3;
    size_t pixels_left = length;
    size_t out_ptr_ix = 0;


    while (pixels_left != 0) {
        out_ptr[out_ptr_ix] = (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix] << 16) + (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 1] << 8) + snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 2];


        // go to the next pixel
        out_ptr_ix++;
        pixel_ix+=3;
        pixels_left--;
    }
    // and done!
    return 0;
}

#if !defined(EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR) || EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR != EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR_CAMERA
#error "Invalid model for current sensor"
#endif

Credits

chloe zhang

chloe zhang

2 projects • 3 followers

Comments

Related channels and tags
  • Edge Impulse
  • Machine Learning & AI
  • Seeed Studio