chloe zhang
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LoRaWAN Based TinyML Snake Recognition System

A snake recognition project using XIAO ESP32-S3 Sense development board, combined with Arduino and Edge Impulse.

IntermediateFull instructions provided4 hours1,037
LoRaWAN Based TinyML Snake Recognition System

Things used in this project

Story

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Code

Datacake Decoder

JavaScript
 function Decoder(bytes, port) {
    var decoded = {};
    var channel_id = bytes[0];
    if (channel_id === 0x01) {
        console.log("Snake detected!");
        return (
            {
                "field": "Snake",
                "value": 1
            }
            );
    }

    else if (channel_id === 0x00) {
        console.log("None detected!!");
        return (
            {
                "field": "Snake",
                "value": 0
            }
            );
    }
}

Data transmition

C/C++
const char* get_data;

void loop(void)
{
    get_data = object_detection();
    if (is_exist)
    {
        int ret = 0;
        if (is_join)
        {
            ret = at_send_check_response("+JOIN: Network joined", 12000, "AT+JOIN\r\n");
            if (ret)
            {
                is_join = false;
            }
            else
            {
                at_send_check_response("+ID: AppEui", 1000, "AT+ID\r\n");
                Serial.print("JOIN failed!\r\n\r\n");
                delay(5000);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            char cmd[128];
            sprintf(cmd, "AT+CMSGHEX=\"%d\"\r\n", atoi(get_data));
            ret = at_send_check_response("Done", 5000, cmd);
            if (ret)
            {
                recv_prase(recv_buf);
            }
            else
            {
                Serial.print("Send failed!\r\n\r\n");
            }
            delay(5000);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        delay(1000);
    }
}

Camera Configuration

C/C++
#include "object_detection.h"
#include <snake_inferencing.h>
#include "edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/image/image.hpp"
#include "esp_camera.h"
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM     10
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     40
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     39


#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       48
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       11
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       12
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       14
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       16
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       17
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM       15
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    38
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     47
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     13
#define LED_GPIO_NUM      21


/* Constant defines -------------------------------------------------------- */
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS           320
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS           240
#define EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE                 3


/* Private variables ------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool debug_nn = false; // Set this to true to see e.g. features generated from the raw signal
static bool is_initialised = false;
uint8_t *snapshot_buf; //points to the output of the capture


static camera_config_t camera_config = {
    .pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM,


    .pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM,


    //XCLK 20MHz or 10MHz for OV2640 double FPS (Experimental)
    .xclk_freq_hz = 20000000,
    .ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0,
    .ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,


    .pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG, //YUV422,GRAYSCALE,RGB565,JPEG
    .frame_size = FRAMESIZE_QVGA,    //QQVGA-UXGA Do not use sizes above QVGA when not JPEG


    .jpeg_quality = 12, //0-63 lower number means higher quality
    .fb_count = 1,       //if more than one, i2s runs in continuous mode. Use only with JPEG
    .fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_PSRAM,
    .grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_WHEN_EMPTY,
};


/* Function definitions ------------------------------------------------------- */
bool ei_camera_init(void);
void ei_camera_deinit(void);
bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf);
static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr);
extern const char* object_detection();


// int raw_feature_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr) {
//     memcpy(out_ptr, features + offset, length * sizeof(float));
//     return 0;
// }
void camera_init()
{
  if (ei_camera_init() == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to initialize Camera!\r\n");
    }
    else {
        ei_printf("Camera initialized\r\n");
    }
}

Object_Detection

C/C++
const char* object_detection()
{
  if (ei_sleep(5) != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
      return "";
    }


    snapshot_buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS * EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS * EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE);


    // check if allocation was successful
    if(snapshot_buf == nullptr) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to allocate snapshot buffer!\n");
        free(snapshot_buf);
        return "";
    }

    ei::signal_t signal;
    signal.total_length = EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH * EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT;
    signal.get_data = &ei_camera_get_data;

    if (ei_camera_capture((size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH, (size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT, snapshot_buf) == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to capture image\r\n");
        free(snapshot_buf);
        return "";
    }


    // Run the classifier
    ei_impulse_result_t result = { 0 };


    EI_IMPULSE_ERROR err = run_classifier(&signal, &result, debug_nn);
    if (err != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to run classifier (%d)\n", err);
        return "";
    }

    // print the predictions
    ei_printf("Predictions (DSP: %d ms., Classification: %d ms., Anomaly: %d ms.): \n",
                result.timing.dsp, result.timing.classification, result.timing.anomaly);


#if EI_CLASSIFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION == 1
    bool bb_found = result.bounding_boxes[0].value > 0;
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < result.bounding_boxes_count; ix++) {
        auto bb = result.bounding_boxes[ix];
        if (bb.value == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        ei_printf("    %s (%f) [ x: %u, y: %u, width: %u, height: %u ]\n", bb.label, bb.value, bb.x, bb.y, bb.width, bb.height);
        const char* detection;
        if (bb.label == "Snake"){detection = "1";}
        else detection = "0";
        return detection;
        
    }
    if (!bb_found) {
        ei_printf("    No objects found\n");
        return "";
    }
#else
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < EI_CLASSIFIER_LABEL_COUNT; ix++) {
        ei_printf("    %s: %.5f\n", result.classification[ix].label,
                                    result.classification[ix].value);
    }
#endif


#if EI_CLASSIFIER_HAS_ANOMALY == 1
        ei_printf("    anomaly score: %.3f\n", result.anomaly);
#endif


    free(snapshot_buf);
}


bool ei_camera_init(void) {


    if (is_initialised) return true;


#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
  pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);
#endif


    //initialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&camera_config);
    // Serial.println("!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!");
    if (err != ESP_OK) {
      Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x\n", err);
      return false;
    }


    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    // initial sensors are flipped vertically and colors are a bit saturated
    if (s->id.PID == OV3660_PID) {
      s->set_vflip(s, 1); // flip it back
      s->set_brightness(s, 1); // up the brightness just a bit
      s->set_saturation(s, 0); // lower the saturation
    }


#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
    s->set_awb_gain(s, 1);
#endif


    is_initialised = true;
    return true;
}

void ei_camera_deinit(void) {


    //deinitialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_deinit();


    if (err != ESP_OK)
    {
        ei_printf("Camera deinit failed\n");
        return;
    }

    is_initialised = false;
    return;
}


bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) {
    bool do_resize = false;


    if (!is_initialised) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Camera is not initialized\r\n");
        return false;
    }


    camera_fb_t *fb = esp_camera_fb_get();


    if (!fb) {
        ei_printf("Camera capture failed\n");
        return false;
    }


   bool converted = fmt2rgb888(fb->buf, fb->len, PIXFORMAT_JPEG, snapshot_buf);


   esp_camera_fb_return(fb);


   if(!converted){
       ei_printf("Conversion failed\n");
       return false;
   }


    if ((img_width != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS)
        || (img_height != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS)) {
        do_resize = true;
    }


    if (do_resize) {
        ei::image::processing::crop_and_interpolate_rgb888(
        out_buf,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS,
        out_buf,
        img_width,
        img_height);
    }


    return true;
}


static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr)
{
    // we already have a RGB888 buffer, so recalculate offset into pixel index
    size_t pixel_ix = offset * 3;
    size_t pixels_left = length;
    size_t out_ptr_ix = 0;


    while (pixels_left != 0) {
        out_ptr[out_ptr_ix] = (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix] << 16) + (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 1] << 8) + snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 2];


        // go to the next pixel
        out_ptr_ix++;
        pixel_ix+=3;
        pixels_left--;
    }
    // and done!
    return 0;
}

#if !defined(EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR) || EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR != EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR_CAMERA
#error "Invalid model for current sensor"
#endif

Credits

chloe zhang

chloe zhang

2 projects • 3 followers

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