Steps to follow

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Published January 27, 2019

PVSIGHT: Ecosystem Following Device

A device that follows the evolution of an ecosystem through different variables like temperature, humidity and sun exposure.

IntermediateFull instructions providedOver 1 day621

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Grove DHT22

Air temperature + Air humidity sensor

Grove 101990019 (DS18B20)

Soil temperature sensor

Gravity SEN0193

Soil humidity sensor

Adafruit TSL2591

Brightness sensor

ADA 1334 (TCS34725 )

RGB Sensor

NUCLEO-L432KC

STM32 microcontroller

BRKWS01

Kit Breakout Sigfox + antenna

Accu Li-Ion 3,7 V 1050 mAh

Battery

DFR0164

USB converter

SOL2W

Solar panel

Battery charger for solar panel applications

Tension regulator/ MCP1252/3

Software apps and online services

Sigfox

IoT backend

SolidWorks

3D Printing Desgin

PowerBI

Data Visualisation

Eagle

PCB design

Microsoft Azure

Cloud

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

3D Printer (generic)

Arm mbed

Story

1 / 2

We started this project with the following objective : design an autonomous device that follows the evolution of a green roof after the installation of solar panels.

With this we can study the evolution of biodiversity and the effect of heat island.

Detailed features

The monitoring consists in managing:

Air/soil moisture
Air/soil temperature
Brightness (and even RGB rays)

using the microcontroller and the sensors

Prerequisites

Have knowledge in

Microcontroller programming (C++)
How to read a datasheet and extract the most important data
I2C, SPI, UART, CRC Protocols

How to send data using Sigfox:

How many message can be sent per day?
How to build the message? (SQL Queries)

Steps to follow

1. Carry out a mapping of all the pins used for the project, depending on the technologies used to interpret the data

2. Programming the microcontroller STM32 NUCLEO-L432KC in terms of

Retrieving data from the sensors
Converting the data to send using Sigfox
Configuring the sleep mode of the microcontroller when the Sigfox module does not send message

3. Setup the IoT Azure Cloud platform following this tutorial : https://github.com/aureleq/sigfox-azure-iothub

4. Configure the dashboard where all the retrieved data will be displayed

Create charts
Save data in database

Code Explanation :

Libraries used

#include "mbed.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "DHT.h"
#include "DS1820.h"
#include "TSL2591.h"
#include "TCS3472_I2C.h"
#include "WakeUp.h"

Connections:

#define DHT_INT_PIN D6              //Humidity and temperature
#define DHT_EXT_PIN D9
#define I2C_INT_SDA D0              //I2C1
#define I2C_INT_SCL D1
#define I2C_EXT_SDA D12             //I2C3
#define I2C_EXT_SCL A6
#define SOIL_TEMP_INT_PIN A2        //Soil Temperature
#define SOIL_TEMP_EXT_PIN A4
#define SOIL_MOISTURE_INT_PIN A1    //Ground Humidity
#define SOIL_MOISTURE_EXT_PIN A3
#define SIGFOX_TX D5
#define SIGFOX_RX D4
#define INT_MEASURE 0
#define EXT_MEASURE 1
#define DELAY_SLEEP 60              //  1 min x 20 min

DHT             dht_int(DHT_INT_PIN, DHT::DHT22);           // D6
DHT             dht_ext(DHT_EXT_PIN, DHT::DHT22);           // D9
I2C             i2c_int(I2C_INT_SDA,I2C_INT_SCL);           // SDA_1, SCL_1
I2C             i2c_ext(I2C_EXT_SDA,I2C_EXT_SCL);           // SDA_3, SCL_3
TCS3472_I2C     rgb_int(I2C_INT_SDA,I2C_INT_SCL);           // bus I2C 1
TCS3472_I2C     rgb_ext(I2C_EXT_SDA,I2C_EXT_SCL);           // bus I2C 3
TSL2591         lum_int(i2c_int, TSL2591_ADDR);             
TSL2591         lum_ext(i2c_ext, TSL2591_ADDR);
DS1820          soil_temp_int(SOIL_TEMP_INT_PIN);           // A2
DS1820          soil_temp_ext(SOIL_TEMP_EXT_PIN);           // A4
DigitalOut      drive_sigfox(DRIVE_SIGFOX);                 
//DigitalOut      drive_ext(DRIVE_EXT);                      
//DigitalOut      drive_int_1(DRIVE_INT_1);                   // DHT and 2 I2C int
//DigitalOut      drive_int_2(DRIVE_INT_2);                   // 2 temp sol et hum du sol
AnalogIn        soil_hum_int(SOIL_MOISTURE_INT_PIN);        // SEN0193 - A1
AnalogIn        soil_hum_ext(SOIL_MOISTURE_EXT_PIN);        // SEN0193 - A3
Serial          sigfox(SIGFOX_TX, SIGFOX_RX);
Serial          pc(USBTX, USBRX);                           // UART

Variables used :

int err_int = 0;                        // verify DHT_int sample
int err_ext = 0;                        // verify DHT_ext sample
int x = 0;                              // used in air_temperature processing
int y = 0;                              // used in soil_temperature processing
int lum = 0;                            // used in ReducedLuminosity
uint32_t dataSigfox1_int = 0;           // 32 bit
uint32_t dataSigfox2_int = 0;
uint32_t dataSigfox1_ext = 0;           // 32 bit
uint32_t dataSigfox2_ext = 0;
uint8_t air_temp_int_reduced = 0;       // 8 bit (0.5°C step)
uint8_t air_temp_ext_reduced = 0;       // 8 bit (0.5°C step)
uint8_t soil_temp_int_reduced = 0;      // 8 bit (0.5 °C step)
uint8_t soil_temp_ext_reduced = 0;      // 8 bit (0.5 °C step)
uint8_t air_hum_int_reduced = 0;        // 8 bit (0 to 50% - 1% step)
uint8_t air_hum_ext_reduced = 0;        // 8 bit (0 to 50% - 1% step)
uint8_t soil_hum_int_reduced = 0;       // 8 bit (0 to 50% - 1% step)
uint8_t soil_hum_ext_reduced = 0;
uint8_t lum_int_reduced = 0;            // 8 bit (0 to 255)
uint8_t lum_ext_reduced = 0;
uint8_t rgb_int_red = 0;                // 8 bit (0 to 255)
uint8_t rgb_int_blue = 0;
uint8_t rgb_ext_red = 0;
uint8_t rgb_ext_blue = 0;

Functions used :

These functions allow to read the values from the sensors and to convert their value in order to make sure it can be stored in a 8 bit variable. The parametre type tells the function whether is an internal measurement or not.

uint8_t GetAirHumidityReduced(int type)
uint8_t GetAirTempReduced(int type)
uint8_t GetSoilTempReduced(int type)
uint8_t GetSoilHumidityReduced(int type)
uint8_t GetLuminosityReduced(int type)
void printSensorValue_int()
void printSensorValue_ext()

How to build and send the Sigfox message :

Once the measurement is done, the payload is built from all the values and sent to Sigfox network :

// Build Sigfox Payload Frame
       dataSigfox1_int = ((uint32_t)(air_temp_int_reduced) << 24)    |
                         ((uint32_t)(soil_temp_int_reduced) << 16)   |
                         ((uint32_t)(air_hum_int_reduced) << 8)      |
                         ((uint32_t)(soil_hum_int_reduced));
       dataSigfox2_int = ((uint32_t)(lum_int_reduced) << 24) |
                         ((uint32_t)(rgb_int_red) << 16)     |
                         ((uint32_t)(rgb_int_blue) << 8)     |
                         ((uint32_t)(INT_MEASURE));

       dataSigfox1_ext = ((uint32_t)(air_temp_ext_reduced) << 24)    |
                         ((uint32_t)(soil_temp_ext_reduced) << 16)   |
                         ((uint32_t)(air_hum_ext_reduced) << 8)      |
                         ((uint32_t)(soil_hum_ext_reduced));
       dataSigfox2_ext = ((uint32_t)(lum_ext_reduced) << 24) |
                         ((uint32_t)(rgb_ext_red) << 16)     |
                         ((uint32_t)(rgb_ext_blue) << 8)     |
                         ((uint32_t)(EXT_MEASURE));
// Send Payload Frame
       sigfox.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_int, dataSigfox2_int);
       pc.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_int, dataSigfox2_int);
       wait(10);
       sigfox.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_ext, dataSigfox2_ext);
       pc.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_ext, dataSigfox2_ext);

Schematics

Code

/*
main.c
Author : Ayoub SABRI, Ryan DANEKAS, Antoine ACOLANT, Antoine SOMSAY
Polytech Sorbonne - EISE 4 - 2018/19
*/

/*****************************  LIBRARIES  ***********************************/

#include "mbed.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "DHT.h"
#include "DS1820.h"
#include "TSL2591.h"
#include "TCS3472_I2C.h"
#include "WakeUp.h"

/****************************  CONNECTIONS  **********************************/

DHT             dht_int(DHT_INT_PIN, DHT::DHT22);           // D6
DHT             dht_ext(DHT_EXT_PIN, DHT::DHT22);           // D9

I2C             i2c_int(I2C_INT_SDA,I2C_INT_SCL);           // SDA_1, SCL_1
I2C             i2c_ext(I2C_EXT_SDA,I2C_EXT_SCL);           // SDA_3, SCL_3

TCS3472_I2C     rgb_int(I2C_INT_SDA,I2C_INT_SCL);           // bus I2C 1
TCS3472_I2C     rgb_ext(I2C_EXT_SDA,I2C_EXT_SCL);           // bus I2C 3

TSL2591         lum_int(i2c_int, TSL2591_ADDR);             
TSL2591         lum_ext(i2c_ext, TSL2591_ADDR);

DS1820          soil_temp_int(SOIL_TEMP_INT_PIN);           // A2
DS1820          soil_temp_ext(SOIL_TEMP_EXT_PIN);           // A4

AnalogIn        soil_hum_int(SOIL_MOISTURE_INT_PIN);        // SEN0193 - A1
AnalogIn        soil_hum_ext(SOIL_MOISTURE_EXT_PIN);        // SEN0193 - A3

Serial          sigfox(SIGFOX_TX, SIGFOX_RX);
Serial          pc(USBTX, USBRX);                           // UART


/****************************  VARIABLES  ************************************/


int err_int = 0;                        // verify DHT_int sample
int err_ext = 0;                        // verify DHT_ext sample
int x = 0;                              // used in air_temperature processing
int y = 0;                              // used in soil_temperature processing

int lum = 0;                            // used in ReducedLuminosity

uint32_t dataSigfox1_int = 0;           // 32 bit
uint32_t dataSigfox2_int = 0;

uint32_t dataSigfox1_ext = 0;           // 32 bit
uint32_t dataSigfox2_ext = 0;

uint8_t air_temp_int_reduced = 0;       // 8 bit (0.5°C step)
uint8_t air_temp_ext_reduced = 0;       // 8 bit (0.5°C step)

uint8_t soil_temp_int_reduced = 0;      // 8 bit (0.5 °C step)
uint8_t soil_temp_ext_reduced = 0;      // 8 bit (0.5 °C step)

uint8_t air_hum_int_reduced = 0;        // 8 bit (0 to 50% - 1% step)
uint8_t air_hum_ext_reduced = 0;        // 8 bit (0 to 50% - 1% step)

uint8_t soil_hum_int_reduced = 0;       // 8 bit (0 to 50% - 1% step)
uint8_t soil_hum_ext_reduced = 0;

uint8_t lum_int_reduced = 0;            // 8 bit (0 to 255)
uint8_t lum_ext_reduced = 0;

uint8_t rgb_int_red = 0;                // 8 bit (0 to 255)
uint8_t rgb_int_blue = 0;

uint8_t rgb_ext_red = 0;
uint8_t rgb_ext_blue = 0;


/****************************  FUNCTIONS  ************************************/


void  mycallback(void){}

uint8_t GetAirHumidityReduced(int type) {
    int air_humidity = 0;
    if(type == INT_MEASURE){
        air_humidity = (int) dht_int.getHumidity();
    }
    else if( type == EXT_MEASURE){
        air_humidity = (int) dht_ext.getHumidity();
    }

    if(air_humidity % 2 != 0) { air_humidity ++; }

    return air_humidity / 2;
}

uint8_t GetAirTempReduced(int type) {
    int air_temperature = 0;
    if(type == INT_MEASURE){
        air_temperature = (int) dht_int.getTemperature(DHT::CELCIUS) * 10;
    }
    else if( type == EXT_MEASURE){
        air_temperature = (int) dht_ext.getTemperature(DHT::CELCIUS) * 10;
    }

    x = air_temperature % 10;
    if((x > 2) && (x < 8)){
        air_temperature = (air_temperature / 10)*10+5;
    }
    else{
        if (x < 5) {air_temperature = (air_temperature/10)*10;}
        else {air_temperature =(air_temperature/10)*10+10;}
    }
    return (int)(air_temperature+300)/5;
}
uint8_t GetSoilTempReduced(int type) {
    int soil_temperature = 0;
    if(type == INT_MEASURE){
        soil_temp_int.convertTemperature(true, DS1820::all_devices);
        if(soil_temp_int.unassignedProbe(SOIL_TEMP_INT_PIN))pc.printf("error");
        soil_temperature = (int) soil_temp_int.temperature() * 10;
    }
    else if(type == EXT_MEASURE){
        soil_temp_ext.convertTemperature(true, DS1820::all_devices);
        if(soil_temp_ext.unassignedProbe(SOIL_TEMP_EXT_PIN))pc.printf("error");
        soil_temperature = (int) soil_temp_ext.temperature() * 10;
    }

    y = soil_temperature % 10;
    if((y > 2) && (y < 8)){
        soil_temperature = (soil_temperature/10)*10+5;
    }
    else{
        if (y < 5) {soil_temperature = (soil_temperature/10)*10;}
        else {soil_temperature =(soil_temperature/10)*10+10;}
    }
    return (soil_temperature+50)/5;
}

uint8_t GetSoilHumidityReduced(int type){
    float Vm = 0.0;
    if(type == INT_MEASURE){
        Vm = soil_hum_int;    // read sensor voltage from ADC
    }
    else if(type == EXT_MEASURE){
        Vm = soil_hum_ext;    // read sesor voltage from ADC
    }

    float soil_humidity = (( 1.0 - Vm ) - 0.23) * 100.0 / 0.4; // 0 to 100% range
    return (uint8_t) soil_humidity / 2;
}

uint8_t GetLuminosityReduced(int type){
    
    if(type == INT_MEASURE){
        lum_int.getALS();
        lum_int.calcLux();
        lum = lum_int.lux;
    }
    else if(type == EXT_MEASURE){
        lum_ext.getALS();
        lum_ext.calcLux();
        lum = lum_ext.lux;
    }
    
    return (int) (lum / 16);
}

void printSensorValue_int(){
    pc.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_int, dataSigfox2_int);
    pc.printf("air temp int:   %d    %.2f\r\n", air_temp_int_reduced, dht_int.getTemperature(DHT::CELCIUS));
    pc.printf("soil temp int:  %d    %.2f\r\n", soil_temp_int_reduced, soil_temp_int.temperature());
    pc.printf("air hum int:    %d    %.2f\r\n", air_hum_int_reduced, dht_int.getHumidity());
    pc.printf("soil hum int:   %d    %d\r\n", soil_hum_int_reduced, soil_hum_int_reduced * 2);
    pc.printf("lum int:        %d    %.2f\r\n", lum_int_reduced, lum_int.lux);
    pc.printf("rgb red int:    %d\r\nrgb blue int:  %d\r\n\n", rgb_int_red, rgb_int_blue);
}

void printSensorValue_ext() {
    pc.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_ext, dataSigfox2_ext);
    pc.printf("air temp ext:   %d    %.2f\r\n", air_temp_ext_reduced, dht_ext.getTemperature(DHT::CELCIUS));
    pc.printf("soil temp ext:  %d    %.2f\r\n", soil_temp_ext_reduced, soil_temp_ext.temperature());
    pc.printf("air hum ext:    %d    %.2f\r\n", air_hum_ext_reduced, dht_ext.getHumidity());
    pc.printf("soil hum ext:   %d    %d\r\n", soil_hum_ext_reduced, soil_hum_ext_reduced * 2);
    pc.printf("lum ext:        %d    %.2f\r\n", lum_ext_reduced, lum_ext.lux);
    pc.printf("rgb red ext:    %d\r\nrgb blue ext:  %d\r\n\n", rgb_ext_red, rgb_ext_blue);
}

void init(){

    rgb_int.enablePowerAndRGBC();
    rgb_int.setIntegrationTime(100);

    rgb_ext.enablePowerAndRGBC();
    rgb_ext.setIntegrationTime(100);

    lum_int.init();
    lum_ext.init();   
    
    WakeUp::set_ms(DELAY_SLEEP * 1000);
    WakeUp::calibrate();
    WakeUp::attach(&mycallback); 
}

/*******************************  MAIN  **************************************/


int main() {

    // Initalization
    pc.format(8,SerialBase::None,1);
    pc.baud(9600);

    //sigfox.format(8,SerialBase::None,1);
    sigfox.baud(9600);

    while(1) {

        init();
        wait_ms(10);

        //Air Humidity and Temperature
        err_int = dht_int.read(); 
        err_ext = dht_ext.read();
        
        if (err_int == DHT::SUCCESS) {
            air_hum_int_reduced = GetAirHumidityReduced(INT_MEASURE);
            air_temp_int_reduced = GetAirTempReduced(INT_MEASURE);
        }
        
        if (err_ext == DHT::SUCCESS) {
            air_hum_ext_reduced = GetAirHumidityReduced(EXT_MEASURE);
            air_temp_ext_reduced = GetAirTempReduced(EXT_MEASURE);
        }

        // rgb
        rgb_int_red = rgb_int.getRedData();
        rgb_int_blue = rgb_int.getBlueData();
        rgb_ext_red = rgb_ext.getRedData();
        rgb_ext_blue = rgb_ext.getBlueData();

        // soil temp
        soil_temp_int_reduced = GetSoilTempReduced(INT_MEASURE);
        soil_temp_ext_reduced = GetSoilTempReduced(EXT_MEASURE);

        // soil humidity
        soil_hum_int_reduced = GetSoilHumidityReduced(INT_MEASURE);
        soil_hum_ext_reduced = GetSoilHumidityReduced(EXT_MEASURE);

        //luminosity
        lum_int_reduced = GetLuminosityReduced(INT_MEASURE);
        lum_ext_reduced = GetLuminosityReduced(EXT_MEASURE);

        // Build Sigfox Payload Frame
        dataSigfox1_int = ((uint32_t)(air_temp_int_reduced) << 24)    |
                          ((uint32_t)(soil_temp_int_reduced) << 16)   |
                          ((uint32_t)(air_hum_int_reduced) << 8)      |
                          ((uint32_t)(soil_hum_int_reduced));

        dataSigfox2_int = ((uint32_t)(lum_int_reduced) << 24) |
                          ((uint32_t)(rgb_int_red) << 16)     |
                          ((uint32_t)(rgb_int_blue) << 8)     |
                          ((uint32_t)(INT_MEASURE));

        dataSigfox1_ext = ((uint32_t)(air_temp_ext_reduced) << 24)    |
                          ((uint32_t)(soil_temp_ext_reduced) << 16)   |
                          ((uint32_t)(air_hum_ext_reduced) << 8)      |
                          ((uint32_t)(soil_hum_ext_reduced));

        dataSigfox2_ext = ((uint32_t)(lum_ext_reduced) << 24) |
                          ((uint32_t)(rgb_ext_red) << 16)     |
                          ((uint32_t)(rgb_ext_blue) << 8)     |
                          ((uint32_t)(EXT_MEASURE));


        // Send Payload Frame
        sigfox.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_int, dataSigfox2_int);
        pc.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_int, dataSigfox2_int);
        wait(10);
        sigfox.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_ext, dataSigfox2_ext);
        pc.printf("AT$SF=%08x%08x\r\n", dataSigfox1_ext, dataSigfox2_ext);
        
        // Display values
        //printSensorValue_int();
        //printSensorValue_ext();
        //wait_ms(100);
        
        // En veille pendant 20 min
        
        for(int i = 0; i < 20; ++i){
            WakeUp::set_ms(DELAY_SLEEP * 1000); // 20 min
            wait_ms(10);
            deepsleep();
        }
    }
}

/* main.h */

#define DHT_INT_PIN D6              //Humidity and temperature
#define DHT_EXT_PIN D9

#define I2C_INT_SDA D0              //I2C1
#define I2C_INT_SCL D1

#define I2C_EXT_SDA D12             //I2C3
#define I2C_EXT_SCL A6

#define SOIL_TEMP_INT_PIN A2        //Soil Temperature
#define SOIL_TEMP_EXT_PIN A4

#define SOIL_MOISTURE_INT_PIN A1    //Ground Humidity
#define SOIL_MOISTURE_EXT_PIN A3

#define SIGFOX_TX D5
#define SIGFOX_RX D4

#define INT_MEASURE 0
#define EXT_MEASURE 1

#define DELAY_SLEEP 60              //  1 min x 20 min

/* Module Non Exposé */
SELECT
  (((CAST(air_temp as float)*5)-300)/10) as Temp_Air_Int,
  (((CAST(soil_temp as float)*5)-50)/10) as Temp_Sol_Int,
  (CAST(air_hum as bigint))*2 as Hum_Air_Int,
  (CAST(soil_hum as bigint))*2 as Hum_Sol_Int,
  CAST(red as bigint) as Rouge_Int,
  CAST(blue as bigint) as Bleu_Int,
  (CAST(lum as bigint))*15 as Lum_Int,
  System.Timestamp as temps
INTO OutputToPowerBI
FROM InputFromIoTHub
WHERE location = '0'

/* Module Exposé */
SELECT
  (((CAST(air_temp as float)*5)-300)/10) as Temp_Air_Ext,
  (((CAST(soil_temp as float)*5)-50)/10) as Temp_Sol_Ext,
  (CAST(air_hum as bigint))*2 as Hum_Air_Ext,
  (CAST(soil_hum as bigint))*2 as Hum_Sol_Ext,
  CAST(red as bigint) as Rouge_Ext,
  CAST(blue as bigint) as Bleu_Ext,
  (CAST(lum as bigint))*15 as Lum_Ext,
  System.Timestamp as temps
INTO OutputToPowerBI2
FROM InputFromIoTHub
WHERE location = '1'