3D Led Matrix

In this project, I set out to create a 3D addressable LED matrix that brings a unique twist to traditional 3D LED Matrices. I wanted to design something that could display dynamic lighting effects in 3D. The result is a fully customizable LED matrix that illuminates with stunning patterns and animations, all powered by an ESP32 microcontroller and controlled using WLED firmware. I have designed the size to be 7 x 7 x 6 (L x W x H). So, totalling 294 LEDs.

Step 1: Make the Individual LED Layer

To create the individual layers, I 3D printed a template to ensure the spacing was even and to make soldering the legs easier. As illustrated in the image, bend the DIN and DOUT legs sideways to form a daisy chain, and bend the power legs vertically to share power across the layer. To connect the DOUT of the first row to the DIN of the next row, use a thin enameled copper wire. Finally, connect all the VDD and VSS pins.

NOTE: To make life easier later, make the power rails alternative. It helps to flip the layer 180° and make the DIN of one layer over the DOUT of the previous layer. Basically, helps us stack easily with less crossing wires.

Step 2: Test the Individual Layers

Once each layer is completed, check the connection thoroughly and using an example fastled code, you can test all the LEDs in the layer respond correctly and there are no soldering issues or a dead LED ( which in my case had a few )

Step 3: Forming the 3D Structure

After several hours of soldering and testing, all 6 layers were made. And now it is time to connect the layers and create the 3D Structure. Use a thick, stiff copper wire to make the structure rigid and ensure power is transmitted to all layers. Connect the DIN and DOUT of each to the adjacent layers.

Step 4: Wiring & Finishing it Up

To power this over USB, limit the current in the firmware settings (Because USB cannot deliver more than 2.5A). If you are powering from an external 5V supply, ensure it can deliver enough current. The 3.3V Regulator in NodeMCU is not a good choice for this, so use a buck converter, set its output to 3.3V, and connect directly to NodeMCU's 3.3V pin. Put a 470E resistor in series to the data line to limit current, avoid spikes etc.,

Step 5: Firmware

The firmware for this lamp is WLED. You can check out the website for flashing and setting this up. This supports both ESP8266 and ESP32, along with a super interactive WEB UI. This also supports Home Assistant.

Final Step:

Finally, a 3D-printed enclosure is made, and M3 brass inserts are placed with the help of a soldering iron. Using a 1mm acrylic sheet, I have made a see-through cover that also protects it.