Abstract
Introduction
Motivation
Objectives
Literature survey
Design Planning
Implementation
Results
Conclusion
Future Scope

Published December 16, 2022

Weather Monitoring System

Weather Monitoring and Analyzing using DHT11 sensor and ThingSpeak along with Twitter.

IntermediateFull instructions provided1 hour1,544

Things used in this project

Hardware components

NodeMCU ESP8266 Breakout Board

DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor (4 pins)

Breadboard (generic)

LED (generic)

USB-A to Micro-USB Cable

Jumper wires (generic)

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Story

Abstract:

The Internet of Things (IoT) project on the DHT11 sensor provides a way to measure and monitor temperature and humidity in a variety of environments. This project involves using a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, and then storing the data in a database for further analysis. The data can then be used to make decisions about climate control in a building, or to alert users when the environment is not suitable for their needs. Additionally, the data can be used to track trends in weather and climate over time, allowing for more informed decisions about how to best use resources for energy efficiency.

Introduction:

DHT11 sensor is a digital humidity and temperature sensor. It is a low-cost, low-power device that is ideal for use in Internet of Things (IoT) projects. The DHT11 sensor measures temperature and humidity in the environment, and can be used to provide real-time feedback to users on their current environment. It can be used in applications such as monitoring temperature and humidity in a home, office, greenhouse, factory, or even in a vehicle. The DHT11 sensor is designed to work with an ESP module, which is a low-cost, low power microcontroller with built-in WiFi capabilities. The ESP module is capable of connecting to a local area network (LAN) or the internet, allowing it to send data from the DHT11 sensor to a web service or cloud platform for further analysis and action. By using the DHT11 sensor with an ESP module, developers are able to quickly and easily create IoT projects with real-time monitoring capabilities.

Motivation

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly changing the way we interact with our environment, allowing us to monitor and control a wide range of systems and devices with unprecedented ease. By using a DHT11 sensor, we can create an IoT-based weather monitoring system that can measure temperature, humidity and other environmental factors in real-time. This system can then be used to alert users of any sudden changes, allowing them to take appropriate action such as closing windows or using air conditioners before the temperature and humidity become unbearable.

Objectives

Develop an IOT-based weather monitoring system using DHT11 sensor, capable of providing real-time data on temperature and humidity.
Create a web-based dashboard to display the data collected from the DHT11 sensor.
Design a user-friendly interface for the web-based dashboard to enable easy access to the data.
Integrate automated alerts and notifications to alert the user when the temperature or humidity reaches certain thresholds.
Develop an algorithm to analyze the data collected from the sensor and display the results on the web-based dashboard.

Literature survey

Some papers are presented below:

Hussam Al-Kofahi, Amal El-Sana, and Laith Al-Qutob.

This study provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) applications and technologies. It also examines the challenges that must be addressed for the successful implementation of IoT applications and the future prospects of the technology.

G. D. Dinesh Kumar, M. Vinoth, and C. K. Rajendran.

This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its applications for weather monitoring. It discusses the different components and architectures of IoT, as well as the challenges of implementing IoT applications. It also presents a survey of the literature on the use of IoT for weather monitoring.

Anand Jain, Rini Thomas, and Ujwal Kumar.

It discusses the different components and architectures of IoT, and provides a survey of the literature on the use of IoT for weather monitoring. It also examines the challenges that must be addressed for the successful implementation of IoT applications for weather monitoring.

A. N. Jain, V. G. Sharma, and S. K. Mishra.

It discusses the different components and architectures of IoT, and examines the challenges that must be addressed for the successful implementation of IoT applications for weather monitoring. It also presents a survey of the literature on the use of IoT for weather monitoring with the DHT11 sensor.

Design Planning

Functional Block Diagram

Block Diagram

Flowchart

Flowchart

Implementation

Preprocessing

NodeMCU(esp8266)

Check the power supply of the ESP8266 module and make sure it is compatible with the voltage requirements of the module.
Connect the ESP8266 module to the computer via USB cable.
Download the latest firmware for the module and install it.
Configure the SSID and other parameters such as channel, encryption type, IP address, etc. for the ESP8266 module.
Set up the serial communication interface between the ESP8266 module and the computer.
Check the AT commands of the module to make sure that it is working properly.
Test the ESP8266 module with a simple program.

DHT11 Sensor

Connect the DHT11 to the ESP8266 module
Import the necessary library for the DHT11 sensor.
Configure the pin and other parameters of the DHT11 sensor.
Read the temperature and humidity data from the DHT11 sensor.
Save the data to a things speak and display it on the serial monitor.

Circuit Connections and Process

Circuit Diagram

Connect the circuit as per shown in the figure.
Connect the DHT11 sensor data pin (middle pin) to D3 pin of ESP8266 module.
Connect the warning LEDs to D0 and D1 pin of ESP8266 module.
Create an account in ThingSpeak and create a channel. Add two fields both for Temperature and Humidity. Copy the API key and paste it in the 'apiKey' string.
You can add widgets for displaying Temperature and Humidity data.
Change 'ssid' and 'pass' character with your WiFi name and password respectively.
Dump the code into ESP8266 module, make sure select the proper baud rate in the serial window (i.e. 115200).
In ThingSpeak link your twitter account under Apps>ThingTweet.
Create two reacts, one for tweeting Temperature value and other for Humidity value.
Add React name, Condition Type, Test Frequency, Condition, Action, etc. Use the following figure for reference, Ex: "channel_1922304_field_1", where '1922304' should be replaced by your appropriate channel id and 'field_1' should be replaced with 'field_2' for Humidity tweet.

Reference for Temperature React

Note: The issue face by using in the output is, the display of "Failed to read from DHT sensor!", this issue can be rectified by unplugging the USB cable connected to the ESP8266 module and closing the serial monitor window and then plugging back the USB cable and open the serial monitor window without re dumping the code.

Results

Circuit Connection

Circuit Connections

Serial Monitor readings

Serial Monitor Window

Things speak readings

Things speak Readings Of Temperature & Humidity

Temperature & Humidity readings in Tweeter

Temperature & Humidity Readings in Tweeter

Conclusion

Weather monitoring using IOT based on DHT11 NodeMCU (esp8266) module is a cost-effective, efficient and reliable way to monitor the weather conditions in any environment. This system can be used for both outdoor and indoor applications. The DHT11 sensor is used to measure the temperature and humidity of the environment and the NodeMCU module is used to collect the data from the DHT11 sensor and send it to the cloud for storage. The data can then be accessed from any computer or mobile device connected to the internet. The advantage of using this system is that it requires minimal maintenance and is highly reliable. It is also very easy to set up and use. The data collected can be used to check the current weather conditions and can also be used to forecast future weather conditions. This system can be used in many different industries to monitor the weather conditions in various environments. In conclusion, weather monitoring using IOT based on DHT11 NodeMCU (esp8266) module is an efficient, cost-effective and reliable way to monitor the weather conditions in any environment. It is easy to set up and use and can provide accurate and up-to-date data which can be used to forecast future weather conditions.

Future Scope

Using Machine Learning models to analyze the sensor data and predict the weather conditions in future.
Using Artificial Intelligence to identify patterns in the historical data of weather and make predictions about the future.
Connecting the system with other devices such as smart phones and tablets to provide real-time updates about the weather.
Building a user-friendly web interface for the system which can be accessed from any device.
Improving the accuracy of the system by adding more sensors such as wind speed and direction.
Developing algorithms to monitor the changes in the environment and alert the user about the changing weather conditions.
Providing a system which can be used in remote locations where there is no access to power.
Integrating the system with other systems such as Home Automation systems to provide accurate weather information.

Schematics

Code

finalcode.ino

#include <DHT.h>  // Including library for dht
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

String apiKey = "ABCD12345EFGFHIJ";     //  Enter your Write API key from ThingSpeak
 
const char *ssid =  "My Wifi";     // replace with your wifi ssid and wpa2 key
const char *pass =  "MyPassword";
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
int count = 0; 
#define DHTPIN 0          //pin where the dht11 is connected D3
#define Temp D0           //LED for Temperature
#define Hum D1            //LED for Humidity
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);
 
WiFiClient client;
 
void setup() 
{
       pinMode(Temp, OUTPUT);
       pinMode(Hum, OUTPUT);
       Serial.begin(115200);
       delay(10);
       dht.begin();
 
       Serial.println("Connecting to ");
       Serial.println(ssid);
 
 
       WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
 
      while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) 
     {
            delay(500);
            Serial.print(".");
     }
      Serial.println("");
      Serial.println("WiFi connected");
 
}
 
void loop() 
{
  
      float h = dht.readHumidity();
      float t = dht.readTemperature();
      
              if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) 
                 {
                     Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
                      return;
                 }
 
                         if (client.connect(server,80))   //   "184.106.153.149" or api.thingspeak.com
                      {  
                            
                             String postStr = apiKey;
                             postStr +="&field1=";
                             postStr += String(t);
                             postStr +="&field2=";
                             postStr += String(h);
                             postStr += "\r\n\r\n";
 
                             client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");
                             client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
                             client.print("Connection: close\n");
                             client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: "+apiKey+"\n");
                             client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
                             client.print("Content-Length: ");
                             client.print(postStr.length());
                             client.print("\n\n");
                             client.print(postStr);
 
                             Serial.print("\nTemperature: ");
                             Serial.print(t);
                             Serial.print("C\n");
                             Serial.print("Humidity: ");
                             Serial.print(h);
                             Serial.print("%\n");
                             Serial.println("Sending to Thingspeak\n");
                             count = count+1;
                             
                             if (t>=40.00  t<=20.00)    //For Temperature
                             {
                              digitalWrite(Temp, HIGH);
                             }
                             else
                             {
                              digitalWrite(Temp, LOW);
                             }

                             if(h>=80.00)
                             {
                              digitalWrite(Hum, HIGH);    //For Humidity
                             }
                             else
                             {
                              digitalWrite(Hum, LOW);
                             }
                        }
          client.stop();
          Serial.print("Please wait 3 minutes for next reading\n");
  
  delay(180000); // 3mins = 180,000
}

Credits

Ritesh Vernekar

1 project • 0 followers

Thanks to Raghuttam Bhavikatti, Sagar Siddappa Mualgund, , and Ashok Donkanavar.

Weather Monitoring System