Optical encoder is basically a device that measures the speed of a rotating element in RPM. In this project, I have made use of :
BOLT module
FC-03 speed sensor module
a small BLDC motor
and a coded disc.
A coded disc is nothing but a small slotted disc which will be mounted onto the motor shaft.
Mine has 20 slots on it
The FC03 sensor has a opto-coupler which basically comprises of a LED on one side and a photo-transistor on the other with an approximately 1-1.5 cm gap between them.
When the sensor is fed with voltage and there is no intervening object between the two, the LED turns on and emanates IR light onto the photo-transistor. The transistor in turn generates voltage which will be picked by a MCU board like BOLT or arduino through A0 (analog) or D0 (digital) terminal (Here, we are using A0 terminal as RPM is an arbitrary value).
But when we introduce a coded disc mounted on a motor shaft whose speed is to be measured into the annular space between the LED and the transistor, we create a sort of interruption in the pulse generation which will be given out as Pulse Per Second(PPS) by the sensor to the Bolt module. This will be utilized to determine RPM using the below formula:
Pulse Per Minute, PPM = PPS * 60
RPM = PPM / PPR
where PPR = Pulse Per Revolution = 20 (number of slots on the coded disc)
A fully integrated model of the project is given below:
If the RPM value falls outside the range of upper and lower bounds, a message will be recieved in telegram using the telegram bot.
A video demonstration of the project is shown below:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/12-_XW5VLneijjPh-JZqUGJ0G55zaJm1J/view?usp=sharing
The output is as follows:
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