M5STACK ATOM DTU LoRaWAN868 using Arduino IDE

/****************************************************************************
**                                                                         **
** Name:        M5ATOM_DTU_LoRaWan_TTN_OTAA_Node_01                        **
** Author:      Achim Kern                                                 **
** Interpreter: Arduino IDE 2.0.4 on MacBookPro                            **
** Licence:     Freeware                                                   **
** Function:    Main Program                                               **
**                                                                         **
** Notes:       based on idea from TTN, M5STACK and LCARS SmartHome        **
**              send sensor node data via LoRaWan to TTN V3                ** 
**                                                                         **
** History:                                                                **
**                                                                         **
** 1.00        - 01.02.2023 - initial release                              **
** 1.01        - 01.01.2023 - new code from M5_LoRaWan not DTU !           **
** 1.02        - 03.01.2023 - send and receive changes                     **
**                          - work on payload                              **
** 1.03        - 04.01.2023 - PIR sensor included                          **
** 1.04        - 06.01.2023 - hackster.io version                          **
**                                                                         **
****************************************************************************/
/*
 * Application and Version
 */
   const char* application  = "M5ATOM_DTU_LoRaWan_OTAA_Node_01";
   const char* aktu_version = "1.04";

/*
 * Introduction
 *
 * M5STACK recently released the ATOM DTU LoRaWAN868. 
 * This Source Code connects UNIT ENVIII, UNIT PIR to this system and
 * transmits all sensor data to The Things Network V3.
 *
 * Your LCARS SmartHome SensorNode will be able to measure your environment data 
 * (temperature, humidity and pressure) and intruder motions.
 * The LED in front of the ATOM will always inform you about the system status.
 *
 * LED WHITE - system is booting and joining TTN
 * LED BLUE - system has joined TTN and sending data
 * LED RED - intruder alert
 * LED GREEN - system actual in stand-by mode
 *
 * The Arduino Source Code is well documented and compiled with the new IDE 2.0.4.
 * https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/getting-started-ide-v2
 * Also you will see very detailed DEBUG messages about every single step.
 * We will and can easy include more sensors like CO2, PM10, Digital Light etc.
 *
 *  Please fill / edit your TTN device and application data in modul ACTOR_ATOM_DTU_LoRaWAN868 !

 /*
  * actual TTN payload decoder
  *
  * // we can change each end devive via port number
  *
  * function Decoder(bytes, port) 
  * {
  *   var decoded = {};
  * 
  *  if (port === 2) 
  *  {
  *    if (bytes.length==6)
  *    {
  *      var tmp = (bytes[0]<<8 | bytes[1]);
  *      var hum = (bytes[4]);
  *      var pre = (bytes[2]<<8 | bytes[3]);  
  *      var motion = (bytes[5]);
  *      decoded.env3_temperature = (tmp-5000)/100;
  *      decoded.env3_pressure = pre/10;
  *      decoded.env3_humidity = hum/2;
  *      decoded.pir_motion = motion;
  *       
	*      return decoded;
  *    }
  *    else
  *    {
	*      decoded.Status="JOIN - ATOM DTU LoRaWAN is online";
  *      return decoded;
  *    }
  *   }
  * }
  *
  */

/*
 * DEBUG_MODE:
 * if defined serial messages will be displayed
 */
   // Enable/disable DEBUG
   #define DEBUG_MODE

/*
 * M5 ATOM lib 
 */
   // https://github.com/m5stack/M5Atom
   #include "M5Atom.h"
      
/*
 * connected actors
 */

/*
 * M5STACK ATOM DTU LoRaWAN868  - data transmission actor
 *
 * Description:
 * ATOM DTU LoRaWAN868 is a LoRaWAN Programmable Data Transmission Unit (DTU) suitable for 868MHz frequency. 
 * The module adopts the ASR6501 scheme, which supports long-distance communication and has both ultra-low power consumption and high sensitivity. 
 * The module integrates the LoRaWAN protocol stack and adopts a serial communication interface (using AT command set for control). 
 * When used, it can be used as a collection node to access a large number of gateways for data collection and management. 
 * Integrate SMA external antenna interface to improve the communication quality and signal stability of the device. 
 * Unlike the DTU which generally only has the function of data transparent transmission, the ATOM DTU series adopts a more open architecture design. 
 * The controller ATOM LITE can modify the program at will according to the actual business. 
 * The whole machine reserves a variety of interfaces (RS485, I2C, custom interface) for user expansion, 
 * which is convenient for the rapid access of sensors and actuators. 
 * With its own guide rail clamping structure, it is perfectly embedded in various industrial control sites. 
 * A cost-effective solution for small data collection nodes.
 *
 * Wiki:
 * https://docs.m5stack.com/en/atom/atom_dtu_lorawan868
 * 
 * Product Features:
 * ASR6501
 * Operating frequency: 868MHz
 * Serial communication: UART 115200bps (AT command)
 * With super anti-interference ability, able to work normally in complex interference environment
 * RS485 communication interface (with 12V input interface, internal integrated DCDC step-down 5V)
 * Modbus Master/slave
 * Strong signal access capability
 * External antenna: SMA antenna interface
 * Grove expansion interface: -I2C x1 -Custom x1
 * Self-contained rail clamping 
 *
 */
   // Enable/disable actors if you want to
   #define ENABLE_ACTOR_ATOM_DTU_LoRaWAN868
   // Actors enabled, but not found in the hardware will be ignored
   #ifdef ENABLE_ACTOR_ATOM_DTU_LoRaWAN868
     // https://github.com/m5stack/M5-LoRaWAN
     #include "M5_LoRaWAN.h"
     M5_LoRaWAN LoRaWAN;
     String response;
     typedef enum { kError = 0, kConnecting, kConnected, kSending } DTUState_t;
     DTUState_t State = kConnecting;
     // Your TTN OTAA Mode access data 
     // fill in here your TTN device and application data !!!
     // we get the DEV EUI from the TTN console - and we have to set on our chip
     // TTN CONSOLE V3 DEV EUI
     char* DevEui="0000000000000000";
     // we get the APP EUI from the TTN console - and we have to set on our chip
     // TTN CONSOLE V3 APP EUI
     char* AppEui="0000000000000000";
     // we get the APP KEY from the TTN console - and we have to set on our chip
     // TTN CONSOLE V3 APP KEY
     char* AppKey="00000000000000000000000000000000";
   #endif   

/*
 * connected sensors
 */

/*
 * M5STACK UNIT ENVIII - environment sensor
 *
 * Description: 
 * ENV III is an environmental sensor that integrates SHT30 and QMP6988 internally
 * to detect temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure data. 
 * SHT30 is a high-precision and low-power digital temperature and humidity sensor, 
 * and supports I2C interface (SHT30:0x44 , QMP6988:0x70).
 * QMP6988 is an absolute air pressure sensor specially designed for mobile applications, 
 * with high accuracy and stability, suitable for environmental data collection and detection types of projects.
 * This Unit communicates with the ATOM Lite via the GROVE(I2C+I/0+UART). 
 * 
 * Wiki:
 * https://docs.m5stack.com/en/unit/envIII
 *
 * Product Features:
 * Simple and easy to use
 * High accuracy
 * I2C communication interface
 * HY2.0-4P interface, support platform UIFlow , Arduino
 * 2x LEGO compatible holes
 * 
 */
   // Enable/disable sensor measurements if you want to
   #define ENABLE_SENSOR_ENVIII
   // Sensors enabled, but not found in the hardware will be ignored
   #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_ENVIII
     // https://github.com/m5stack/M5Unit-ENV
     #include "M5_ENV.h"
     SHT3X sht30;
     QMP6988 qmp6988;
     float env3_tmp      = 0.0;
     float env3_hum      = 0.0;
     float env3_pres     = 0.0;
   #endif 

/*
 * M5STACK UNIT PIR - motion sensor
 *
 * Description:
 * PIR is a human body infrared unit. It belongs to the "passive pyroelectric infrared detector". 
 * It detects the infrared radiation emitted and reflected by the human body or object. 
 * When infrared is detected, the output level is high and it takes a while. 
 * Delay (high during the period and allow repeated triggers) until the trigger signal disappears (restores low).
 * This Unit communicates with the ATOM DTU LoRaWAN868 via the GROVE PORT A.
 * 
 * Wiki:
 * https://docs.m5stack.com/en/unit/pir
 *
 * Product Features:
 * Detects the distance: 500cm
 * latency time: 2s
 * Sensing range: < 100
 * Quiescent current: < 60uA
 * Operating temperature: -20 - 80 C
 * GROVE interface, support UIFlow and Arduino
 * Two Lego installation holes
 *
 */
   // Enable/disable sensor measurements if you want to
   #define ENABLE_SENSOR_PIR_MOTION
   // Sensors enabled, but not found in the hardware will be ignored
   #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_PIR_MOTION
     #define PIR_MOTION_SENSOR 21 
     bool MOTION = false;
     int motion_counter = 0;
   #endif 

/*
 * Generally, you should use "unsigned long" for variables that hold time
 * The value will quickly become too large for an int to store
 */
   // this timer is used to update data send frequence
   unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
   // every 10 minutes
   unsigned long interval = 600000;

   // every 5 minutes
   // unsigned long interval = 300000; 

   // every 3 minutes
   // unsigned long interval = 180000;

   // every 1 minute
   // unsigned long interval = 60000;   

   // every 30 seconds
   // unsigned long interval = 30000;   

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function String waitRevice()                                                  */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : wait until we got a response                                        */
/* UPDATE  : 02.01.2023                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
String waitRevice() 
{
  String recvStr;
  do 
  {
    recvStr = Serial2.readStringUntil('\n');
  } 
  while (recvStr.length() == 0);
    
  DebugPrint("[?] "); 
  DebugPrintln(recvStr);

  return recvStr;
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void array_to_string(byte array[], unsigned int len, char buffer[])  */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : build string out of payload data                                    */
/* UPDATE  : 24.01.2021                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void array_to_string(byte array[], unsigned int len, char buffer[])
{
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++)
  {
    byte nib1 = (array[i] >> 4) & 0x0F;
    byte nib2 = (array[i] >> 0) & 0x0F;
    buffer[i*2+0] = nib1  < 0xA ? '0' + nib1  : 'A' + nib1  - 0xA;
    buffer[i*2+1] = nib2  < 0xA ? '0' + nib2  : 'A' + nib2  - 0xA;
  }
  buffer[len*2] = '\0';
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void DebugPrint(String)                                              */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : print debug infos on serial monitor                                 */
/* UPDATE  : 05.01.2023                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void DebugPrint(String msg)
{
  #ifdef DEBUG_MODE
    Serial.print(msg);
  #endif
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void DebugPrintln(String)                                            */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : print debug infos on serial monitor                                 */
/* UPDATE  : 05.01.2023                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void DebugPrintln(String msg)
{
  #ifdef DEBUG_MODE
    Serial.println(msg);
  #endif
} 

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void send_data(void)                                                 */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : send data to via LoRaWAN to TTN V3                                  */
/* UPDATE  : 02.01.2023                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void send_data(void)
{
  // LED color RED
  M5.dis.fillpix(0xff0000);
  // we show always who am i
  DebugPrintln(F("\n\r"));
  DebugPrint(F(application));
  DebugPrint(F(" Version "));
  DebugPrintln(F(aktu_version));
  DebugPrintln(F(""));

  #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_ENVIII       
    // obtain the data of qmp6988
    env3_pres = qmp6988.calcPressure();
    DebugPrint("[x] ENVIII Pressure:    ");
    DebugPrintln(String(env3_pres/100)); 

    // obtain the data of shT30
    if (sht30.get() == 0) 
    {     
      // store the temperature obtained from shT30.
      env3_tmp = sht30.cTemp;
      // store the humidity obtained from the SHT30.
      env3_hum = sht30.humidity;
      DebugPrint("[x] ENVIII Temperature: ");
      DebugPrintln(String(env3_tmp));  
      DebugPrint("[x] ENVIII Humidity:    ");
      DebugPrintln(String(env3_hum)); 
      DebugPrintln(F("")); 
    } 
    else 
    {
      env3_tmp = 0, env3_hum = 0;
    }
  #endif

  #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_PIR_MOTION
    DebugPrint("[x] PIR Motion:         ");
    DebugPrintln(String(motion_counter)); 
  #endif   

  // new payload - smaller - and better data */
  int  tmp    = ((int)(env3_tmp * 100))+5000;
  int  pre    = (int)(env3_pres / 100 * 10);
  byte hum    = (int)(env3_hum * 2);
  byte motion = (int)(motion_counter);

  byte payload[6];
  payload[0] = tmp >> 8;
  payload[1] = tmp;
  payload[2] = pre >> 8;
  payload[3] = pre;
  payload[4] = hum;
  payload[5] = motion;
     
  char str[32] = "";
  array_to_string(payload, 6, str);   

  DebugPrint(F("[x] actual TTN payload --> "));
  DebugPrintln(str);
  DebugPrintln(F("[x] sending data to TTN V3 ..."));
 
  String AT_command = "AT+DTRX=1,20,6,";
  AT_command = AT_command + str;
  AT_command = AT_command + ("\r\n");
  State = kSending;
  LoRaWAN.writeCMD(AT_command);

  // LED color BLUE
  M5.dis.fillpix(0x0000FF);

  // check if all runbs fine
  String recvStr = waitRevice();
  delay(5000);
  recvStr = waitRevice();
  delay(5000);
  recvStr = waitRevice();
  delay(5000);

  // LED color GREEN
  M5.dis.fillpix(0x00FF00);
  State = kConnected;

  // motion counter reset
  motion_counter = 0;
}
    
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void setup()                                                         */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : setup all needed requirements                                       */
/* UPDATE  : 01.01.2023                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void setup() 
{  
  M5.begin(true, false, true);
  // LED color WHITE
  M5.dis.fillpix(0xFFFFFF);

  // do we debug ? 
  #ifdef DEBUG_MODE
    Serial.begin(115200);
    delay(5000);
  #endif

  // boot application
  DebugPrintln(F(" "));
  DebugPrintln(F(" "));
  DebugPrintln(F("Starting..."));
  DebugPrint(F(application)); Serial.print(F(" Version ")); Serial.println(F(aktu_version));
  DebugPrintln(F("connected via LoRaWAN to TTN V3"));
  DebugPrintln(F(" "));  
  DebugPrintln("[x] Initializing M5Stack Atom_DTU_LoRaWAN868");  
 
  // wire init, adding the I2C bus.
  Wire.begin(26,32);

  #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_ENVIII
    // init Unit ENVIII
    DebugPrintln(F("[x] Initializing ENVIII Unit (SHT30 and QMP6988)"));
    qmp6988.init();
  #endif  

  #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_PIR_MOTION
    // init Unit PIR
    pinMode(PIR_MOTION_SENSOR, INPUT);
    DebugPrintln(F("[x] Initializing PIR Unit")); 
  #endif   

  // init LoRaWAN Unit
  LoRaWAN.Init(&Serial2, 19, 22);
  delay(100);
 
  while (!LoRaWAN.checkDeviceConnect())

  LoRaWAN.writeCMD("AT?\r\n");
  delay(100);
  Serial2.flush();
    
  // disable Log Information
  DebugPrintln(F(" "));
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - disable log informations ..."); 
  LoRaWAN.writeCMD("AT+ILOGLVL=0\r\n");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // enable Log Information
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - enable log informations ...");
  LoRaWAN.writeCMD("AT+CSAVE\r\n");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // reboot
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - rebooting ...");
  LoRaWAN.writeCMD("AT+IREBOOT=0\r\n");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // Set Join Mode OTAA.
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - set mode OTAA with DEV EUI, APP EUI and APP KEY ...");
  LoRaWAN.configOTTA(DevEui,   // DEV EUI
                     AppEui,   // APP EUI
                     AppKey,   // APP KEY
                     "2"       // Upload Download Mode
  );      
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // Set ClassC mode
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - set ClassC mode ...");
  LoRaWAN.setClass("2");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // set Work Mode
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - set Work mode ...");
  LoRaWAN.writeCMD("AT+CWORKMODE=2\r\n");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // LoRaWAN868
  // TX Freq
  // 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
  // 868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  // 868.8 - FSK
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - set FreqMask ...");
  LoRaWAN.setFreqMask("0001");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2)              | 869525000
  // set RXWindow
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - set RXWindow ...");
  LoRaWAN.setRxWindow("869525000");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  // change default port 10 to 2 (1-233 possible)
  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN Module - change port ...");
  LoRaWAN.writeCMD("AT+CAPPPORT=2\r\n");
  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);

  DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN TTN V3 try to JOIN ...");
  LoRaWAN.startJoin();

  response = LoRaWAN.waitMsg(1000);
  DebugPrint("[>] ");
  DebugPrint(response);
  delay(5000);

  // have we joined ?
  String recvStr = waitRevice();
  if (recvStr.indexOf("+CJOIN:") != -1) 
  {
    if (recvStr.indexOf("OK") != -1) 
    {
      // all runs fine
      DebugPrintln("[x] LoRaWAN TTN V3 JOIN-OK");
      State = kConnected;
      // 3x LED blinking BLUE
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x0000FF);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x0000FF);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x0000FF);     
    } 
    else 
    {
      // something went wrong
      DebugPrintln("[!] LoRaWAN TTN V3 JOIN-FAIL");
      State = kError;
      // 3x LED blinking RED
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0xFF0000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0xFF0000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
      delay(500);
      M5.dis.fillpix(0xFF0000);
    }
  }
  delay(5000);
  if (State == kConnected) 
  {
    DebugPrintln("[x] sending first sensor data to TTN V3 ...");
    send_data();
  }   
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Function void loop()                                                          */
/*                                                                               */
/* TASK    : this runs forever                                                   */
/* UPDATE  : 01.01.2023                                                          */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void loop() 
{
  if (M5.Btn.wasPressed()) 
  {
    if (State == kConnected) 
    {
      send_data();
    }  
  }

  /*
   * If we have an enabled PIR Motion Sensor we will send immediately
   * a message to the LoRaWan Gateway if we have detected an intruder
   */ 
  #ifdef ENABLE_SENSOR_PIR_MOTION
    int sensorValue = digitalRead(PIR_MOTION_SENSOR);
    // if the sensor value is HIGH we have an intruder ?
    if(sensorValue == HIGH)       
    { 
      if (MOTION == false)
      {
        MOTION=true;
        DebugPrintln("[x] PIR MOTION detected ...");
        // 3x LED blinking RED
        M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
        delay(300);
        M5.dis.fillpix(0xFF0000);
        delay(300);
        M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
        delay(300);
        M5.dis.fillpix(0xFF0000);
        delay(300);
        M5.dis.fillpix(0x000000);
        delay(300);
        M5.dis.fillpix(0xFF0000);
        motion_counter++;                     
      }
    }       
    // if the sensor value is HIGH we have an intruder ?
    if(sensorValue == LOW)       
    { 
      MOTION=false;
      M5.dis.fillpix(0x00FF00);    
    }
    
  #endif

  /* 
   * It is checked whether the time for the transmission interval has already expired
   * If the time difference between the last save and the current time is greater
   * as the interval, the following function is executed.
  */
  if (millis() - previousMillis > interval)
  {
    // correct timer
    previousMillis = millis();
    // send data to TTN V3
    if (State == kConnected) 
    {
      send_data();
    } 
  }

  delay(50);
  M5.update();

}